,..a--

Potat _ Magnesium

‘JULY 29. 1,944- ji

Sickness or the

Deficiency

Disease of Potatoes

By R. R.

BURST

0fficer-ln-(7liarge. Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology

3 nd ear in succes- For gfcgur liitato il3ifl5 are I111“ m fl-gm ‘potato sickness" is more correctly refeprcd n5 magnesium deficiency. i_he lusmss of this disorder varies rodinc to the extent to which "corQnGliltJflS influencing its dc- ‘hc cmciit are active, some fields variously affected, others ex- hmmng scveie imiury, _ is lsiny the reaction o 81111111111; 111111 = Write lack of magneslgyl. 01w 0f w mnny chemical clc cuts iiec- ‘her. for normal growth, this par- Qswlgr om being required for the glléldnctiou cf Chlorophyll or thc

. » deficiency diseases. as gUl-ollixlrtxliisrer example turnip brown noeart which is due to a lack of boron in the soil. Magnesium de- ficltncy is widespread throughout- gh; potato growing areas embraced

the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Millillile Provinces being no ex-

591111011. _ _

rs will recognize the pres- ,,,§§"§f this trouble by the gett- 91-31 untlirifty appearance of the mp1, Thi: foliage of affected plants is lltghtci‘ in colour iii con- trast with the darker leaves of plants. The lowcr leaves ire affected first because their iupply u! magnesium is drawn upon by the new growth. In less pronounced cases only the loucr, 193w! flfiVelllll symptoms, iii which; me the plant does not suffer ierlously.

heellhv

1n severe cases, however, losses ire heavy, even up to one-third or greater of ti normal crop. Such‘ plants are strongly chlorotic and stunted, with some upward rolling of the IOWN‘ leaves which are thick and brittle and also show a distinct bulging between the veins. tram symptoms will be especially marked after a warm, dry period

about mid-July. In 1g these leaves die. turn EYitttiifKgQS-Y 1y “Ways dropping off. Such do. ioliatlori may be very sevcrc ‘leav- "ng the plants weak ' y . ductive, and unpm I I I

The history of deficiency dis- eases tells 11S‘ that once establish- cd they continue to recur unions 1119 1111551111; element is provided.

t

Thus _we are now faced with no alternative but to use magnesium. Falling this it is certain that many fltheluvlse promising fields sooner or later will become useless for potato production. Magnesium is procurable in a number of i'ornis, some being more readily available to the plants than others. For 111111311951 TB-ihonse the ivater-sol- uble compounds are best, such as common Epsom salts, calcined kicseritc and sulphate of potash magnesia. One or another of thcsc chemicals may be mixed into the fertilizer at home or better still purchased in mixed goods. This is a matter of real importance and farmers would be well advised to give ‘it. serious thought when planning for next seasons potato crop.

O C C

Dolomitic limestone contains magnesium in a form available to the plants over a long period of time. It might well be applied to soils at the rate of 1000 to 150-’) pounds per acre. but this should be decided by soil tests for acidity.

a O I

Farmers finding their potatoes suffering from magnesium defici- ency now should procure Epsom salts and spray it on the plants at the rate of ten pounds in 8O gallons of Bordeaux l/lixture, bo- ing sure to dissolve the crystals first in hot water. Three or four such applications will be required

‘I - NEWSY

II AGIICOLA

sr. onion-s Paoriteov (l)

Last week I ran short of space and this series had to lie over. To "$111118. "The third period will be of the shortest duration and the victor will have lost confidence in his trarriors. This will be called the period of invasion, because by reason of just retribution, the country of the conqueror, because of his injustice and his godless- ncss, will be invaded in all parts lnddlmd waste." It certainly seems as if Hitler and his warriors were in nisscnsion now, while thc invas- | 1°11 11 51111111165 up. The prophecy toes on, "Around the mountain Lorrents of blood will flow. It will c_ the last battle." What, mnnn. lain? Will l-litlcr make his 135g 51111“ ~11“ 111$ croy at Bertches- yalilcit? Nations will slng mp1;- imns of thanksgiving in the itlflllles of God and will thank 12m for their deliverance. Because 1,91% 1411 have appeared the war. riror who will disperse the troops ° 1111‘ 11-"1Or. Whose armies will be annihilated by an UIIIKIIOV-ln and Brent illness. 191111-110 the hearts of his soldiers, vllulc the nations will ssv "The

began to climb _ T8111‘ for which I have the iii111105 is 1939, ivnen it stood at same.- 339.000.

zl- yeLnrs I can find no reference to Tlie malady will dis- ll- vcsimciits.

for satisfactory control provided the_ plants are in a reasonably ilirifty condition. -

NO’ l ‘ES

learn that the Debt stood at Doom. in 18.16. it is plain that

some of it had been repaid. Brit- ain's wealth was growing. (From £490m. in 1702, the national wealth had grown to £2,100ni. in 181G). A determined effort to reduct- the Dcbt brought it down to 1185m-. but the Empire tivas taking sliapc. and by i860 it had rlscii again to illatim. (The national ivealtli that year was given as £ii.560m.)

By 1889 the mot had ftillcn to1bh°d5<

i

l

l

l

vcr males.

l

i t

261mm" while the national wcaltiil

hid soared to £9,400m. The Debt was down to Ilfifilm. in 1914 and that was the last of the "good old Limes." In 1918 the Dcut was £5.872m.: henceforth we must

think iri billions. Two yuears later it is given as flllitlni. and it hov- ered arounu those figures. some-

1111105 a little less. till in 1:138 it again. The last

The national wealth must pirz- the statisticians, for in late

The sale of all overseas - bonds, etc; thc cessat- tion of nearly all productive in-

linger of God is there. It is a Just oiistry; and the lanicntably 811111» Punishment." destruction of property. must nave taken Britain back to starting

5111111. in brief. l th n of Si. Odilc, We sarezxelptglge L11 [1112 "third period now (the "half

lme of Daniel 12. 7); but the

ivar will not finish till next spring, l the courage and tenacity" lifter the Germans have had such ‘people will ultimately bring

11-111“, as far as wealth is coiiccrii- Ld. But it is in sticli-circumstances that Britain finds her soul.

and of her the

i winter as never before. The war- ‘ DTOSPCFWY 111W 111111911113-

11°1 111§Dcrsin§ the troops has al-I {Gggyh Fillljfflfvd. in the person of‘ mnrba Stalin, and considering the 1 er of slain, it will be a mlr_

aclc if some kind of pestilence rum; i -wrought-is often used iii Scriptures, both actively and pas-

not break out. It may be recalled

51311111111118 the last war an cpi- sively. (from I iii the sense OSCIIDEGIVJSII to puzzle your teacher, ask.

'mic of "blood-poisoning" which I. for one, barely

Odds and Ends

The verb "wrought." ‘This lfllllgll It is a verb, always used of a past time, lf you

1117111111". struck this country and . "What is the present tcnse of the

Was brlictgevrl to blejcauscd by ])ll[~3\’(‘1'b wrought?“ (‘1 111 . ’ ‘f . umm 1 lgltlld answer for your own edifi- and ill-fedpation: "wrought" 1s a vcry M161- t

manyԤl3id its present tense is therefore the word "

{ffactinn 1111- an epidemic of muck the exhausted

PUDIIlfItIDIIS everywhere and millions fllPd. However, as I havc Pointed out elsewhere, we

m1 1-1111“ prophesies to be

[T111511 lili)

quote l-Icre

You titny example, Numbers ‘.33.

(Archaicl foi-ni of "worked".

“work.

Mctuthesls. 'I‘hc <1111E11c1is11 01

l11'r cont correct. and so inankind1irit-dicval times r1100 to 1.1001 hall come tiff better than it de-1a singular custom of traiisptisinc f3.

.1. - , torlinlo whether it is possible to 91c of who are doubtful

1111‘ 111111rc. here are a cou- tl.c custom still modern anecdotes for those ' schoolmates never said burnt. they . ‘said "brunt." This transposition is

called a bird 11 When l went to school tiersistctl: my

letters-they fbridd".

1111"“ 5.\'$l.('ll‘ll'ltl5t Liniiacustltnown to grammariaits as meta-

whos" 1111111 iii clttssif ' yiiig plants 111d llshcs is well known, tolls this

ill his autobiography ‘vvhcn lie “if 311v "P1191112. where he passed 1 01y mediocre student, a

thesis. and 1.11? ‘It QXEIYIPE O seems to be specially affected.

word “wrouglit" i§ it. The lcttcr "r

Sulphur for Glailioll? When I

stored my giadiolus corms last full

111Ptuiie-tcllcr told liim: "You will‘! was not satisfied with their con-

n~°°°1l1e a Professor you will make lyhéllstant lands, you will be. Ye Kmrdlnoslt eclebrittcd mun in Md m-n 11111- Whatever else she mm 1» this certainly

Fhraclilft‘ 1316118115. British novcl- i wemmy :5 that lie dreamed of a mg lo-hiyfllhll: a red shnvvl, coni- am Mlsdt hottse"and saying, "I “my o? Napier. He told N this and said: Napier-y

I don't know any Miss

Wearing a 9'. Whom

"ma" 111W introduced as Miss

The Brlllsh National mm

T11? Nation l ,,, a mat of sfullpflugtlratctl ln i694 by the ls-,

ilu b 11W for

pt came , looked rather soggy. too. l thought they

"Why Miss came in and _ 1 ‘no way to treat gladioli‘ and that

ands for the sum of lIl.'Z00,- lti u different

ditioii. The plants had been sub- gcct to thrips in the summer, and iiiid some sort, of a leaf disease,

Cflrlnfi and I might inlldciv. liorcfore got out thc sulllhm 1111'»

"obably a Scptoria. The

D-l

and rolled them in sulphur bcforc

bagging them. t1 ir-s separate. in little cotton bags). his 1 While working at them o. gardcnrl‘

keep the variet-

told mo that was

1 ~ Several hours later, ttvollic thought the corms would be m“ “"11 111- 1-111118lng a ladyldcad by shrine: scarlct shawl. a strnng- | to work early in ‘bd them off. ‘limiting lvlzty 13th, ivliicli ivas ier than I gencrall all came up except-

However, I 801- April and dust- them on a week earl- do it. They our, and there

ilflngland. motlcrnizvd Guido‘s tom, calling inc. (ah, stih. lull. and adding the Ffltf.‘ tc. which lcd to doli octave. 'I'lIt'SC names were their initial letters. and a method for keeping time by vertical strokes. plctcd Curu i form in thc earlier half of the 19th century and it iinntz-dizitcly became very popular in England.

is no sign of thrlps nor disease so Britain far tJuly 1B1.

llow I planted them. I put them part of the garden

the wurflll‘ llllflmse of carrying on ‘ii. a long row. and 18 inches 119111"!-

ngaitist France. ‘The war

l 3311111 1689 to 1712 and coctleh

0 1111°1fethcr.

l‘lien between them llll the ill in-

Zfimm" 1111' llrescnt \Vl‘ltf‘l' \vlll‘off, leaving the Glads in undis-

liansairfer use

The con

(17, _ quest of Canada;

178291111611 fltided £62m. and in sortie seed 0f 111 fl47m

gnu i FY0111 1775 to 1780 the [wrinkled ind 5310111111 Americans were at war 11am late m“ ns largo as cherries.

t0 thc former

tier“, . wn

~- 111111: were ' v

i; of course other “tears ago """1111"rs so that by 1797 the with a kl ltielon M13111. Then camcdtlt-iitlflcd by Professor Hurst 1m to! tillslc with Napoleon. from ilhe Laboratory. Charlottetown, as Britain Ascochyta Pisl.

irln". the ncrlod from g

stood n;

15mm nlxglé-Sé“ that cost 1o i816, t .. . ‘wanowedmabvcééberailait in Ire.

'*.I\i"\Iu|f\

to indicate mll- I puted possession.

when we'iip“growing peas for the time be-

More Trouble.

it began to

the lz-af-stiot of

"den pea. The two Iflllmvlll‘!

s it ivrs Just as bad. so I gavc

l

nd nf 11112111- W111C11 W115 disadvantage on the organ uflplntiti. so that it will never sup-

lookinc, at the ticas 1011-1)’ a number of lcavcs with round brown snuff. on faces. H ‘ __ _ mycr-s Pisi. the "rtust of garden‘ peas. i". is golnlc other plant and I don't know which one i‘. is

Onc advantage of the Solfa sys- tr-m is that with a practice anv child can strike an‘ interval as correctly niid oven more confidently. as many ycnrs at the staff nota- tion. on this Island. became so exllfift. that she stint: a new tune correct- iv as I chalked it on the black- hnard. t1 .f‘l‘.f)ll'S did not depend on the music! tfor a new hymn or scleclion, abut - ouircd es) I planted succcssiontil iotvslgttist rt fraction of a second after: tFor con-lot‘ radish. which arc now clearcdllym Qrrgntiist played them; that is., t icy advantage is. Years ago I gotfplatcs“ are not required lii print- "Ryders vlllVflrsilltinll solfa music. since it can be National Debt had risen Pea“, from England. It. is a condisct up with printer's type: and so marrow pea. of a mcd- the music is comparatively cheap. typo. with seeds l‘lCi!I'|V:S0lifl music is About six cxcqpl be troublcdlthc violin. cornci. ole; it is at n

TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH

Silver Fox Farming

Last ivzzk we published the first lnstallnicnt of Dr. E. Rendle Bow- 11955 llapcr read before the On- tario fur breeders meetin in June. entitled The Pearl Plat num Fox. T011111’ uart tvro appears and this caiiclitrles the history of this new specie as outlined by the Doctor. \- "$11111 Slllzsrst to all fox breed-l fir. as We did last week, that they clip this article and preserve it! for future use. It is quite possible that this yt-‘m’. next year or per- haps the year after. all of us will b: lzi-cctlinn: these animals to some . t either large or small, and 12.. BUWHPSS‘ information will be fflllélfl most valuable if that is the C85 .

PART TWO

Now. for explanation purposes. leis iinaeine that you and I are

‘e o of a ranch of Standard Silver Black foxes and that. we have decided to co into the, new types and have chosen the Pearls. We purchase a male and two fe- male Pearls and mate these to- getlier. naturally all the Duns will be Pearls. Oi course, we mint t’: spread the Pearl blood through the’ ranch as rapidly as possible and we mate thelrnale to three or four Standard Silver Black females: The pulls from this Pearl t0 Stan- dard Silvcr Black matings will all he Standard Silver Blacks in ap- raiigr. but each one of these puts will carry the Pearl factor ln its make-up. Let us call these pups‘ the first generation carriers rather than the term hall bloods. which‘ is commonly used. but. which you will so." later lllls no reference to quantities of inheritance.

Vile will kecp all the Pearl pups from thc Pearl females that we need, that is. probably most of the females and as many males as, we consider necessary. We will k u all these first generation vary ‘ fz-ntcles that l\l'l_' in yzood phy-

sical coitditioii, and we will keep a. cannot m1 i; by gunn-

tirsl generation carrier male for insurance. We'd be smart if we mated some of the Pearl female pups to some of our Standard Sil-‘ but we're not and tve'll' ack to the half-brown-

malc tl i w . cli arc Prarl males. and the

Pr‘. litters produced will be all Pearl

rips. 1W1: get all the first generation Cdfflfl‘ females but two mated

Pearl males and they producel

roughly 50 pcr cent‘ Pearls and 50 per cents pups. which are Stand-, ard Silvers in appearance but car- riers of the Ptarl factor. Now, 1 we ‘were to fellow the fractional .<_\':.trin. which (‘3llSlC'i€l'8(1 the first generation carriers as half-bloods. then the ltnmarkcd pups out cf this " t lzamratinn should be tlttre-q ‘tor birds. Actually. they only carry thc Pearl factor. just ‘ . L,LI“A? as that" mntlitrs (lid. arul - in turn will not produce any more pups on the avsrnrze that show the Pearl coat than will ‘he firrt generation Carriers on half-

1.? .

W.‘ couldn't pct one nf the first generation c- ...i' females to mate to a Peal a..d we h":l to use thc- first generation carrier male with her. Now, as both the male and the female have characters bath for Standard silver Blacks and for

Pearl. wc can cxptct on the aver- rizc that. she would prflflllCi‘ a litter itt which there was one Pearl D1111. and two pups that Wcre Standard

ce but. carriers .. 0f coursenwe ic Pearl pup with-

t,v. irut for breed- e cant tell the dif- icrftlicc brt "c-"n the pup that as

purc Standard Silver and the_two

liitz. but rctniticd the sced. I had grown thc Dias on wire netting. .uid supjnaacll iilfll. the disease was cat ‘.

on the szccd ilscll‘. In any case, I argued, thc spores or seeds of the ciiseasc _ _ _ , probably bcini; their limit. S0 I stopped growing vcai-s. _ the old scctl. It came tip nil right. and thcrc is no sign of the Asco-

cliytn. but-w 1

ed over either on ts-ndrils li cluiii: to 1l'I,‘ netting or else

are short-lived. a year

peas for two' This ycar I again plantedl

disease. On I found little

heaps of dark their under sur-, as Uro-l

‘flicre is another

spots, like I identified them

The trouble about this dis- that it is carried over by,

Arczzo in Itlaly- has just been‘ cnpttlrcil by thc Allies. This anci-| out town is famous us the place

tthcrc thc system til musical nota- tion known as had its Arczzo. a Monk of thc llth cen- tury. is credited with the invell-j iion of the musical slave with its liitcs and " names for calling them ul. _ 'fi'om syllables in a Latin hymn to. st. John. (The "lvndllls 1101c" 11p- pears to be absent»

Tonic Solfu. Guido of

the beginning.

ccs. He further chose thc nolrs oi his scale, re. mi._fa. sol. 111.1

John Curwen of sys- duli. ray,

llltidern Solid.

thc notes

shortened to I

means of and dots. ‘s system. This took

Advantages anti Disadvantages.

few weeks’

than 1m adult after

Onr- litllc girl. in a school

also found that rural

it by singing thc notes

“by ear").

Another , that

learned expensive

difficult to on solo instruments

airy. like

and

plant tlit- Staff notation. In all min-t- rcsllccls it is suncrlor. and

vrhllc I fcrl what they're talking about!"

some llil‘.'=l"llllls sliv at it. stlrc llv-y "don't know

10f course. in our discussions

nearing lotus c3 I l‘

Dubs which are Standard silver in appearance but are carriers of the Pearl factor. Thus, we mat: those three pups to Pearls ttext year. two of them will produce 1'1- ters with roughly 50 Der cent Pearl". 1n them and one litter will no‘. have any Pearls in it.

The other first iteneration carrier female that we couldn't get (‘X13111 in that first year m either the Pearl do: or the first Reneration cert-k" male, was eventually mated to p Standard Silver Black male.

Silv-cr Black and the female cai- ried both Standard Silver qualt" and the Pearl factor, the pups will be just the reverse of where you ‘ use the Pearl male with her s12 ' In other words. there will be pure Standard Silver Black 11,1!‘- and two Standard Silver Bias‘: Pups in appearance that carry the Pearl factor. Again. there Will b“ no way of telling them apart and as you want to produce Pearls. V51! will either have to keep all of . thcm to be sure or flip a coin amt‘ let luck decide whether you plcl: the pups carrying the Pearl factor or the pure Stands Silvers. New We have cc w-l all these mating set-ups front the male '» but you can reverse it and werl: the same thing from the femzl~ side inasfar as the inheritance i" . The chief tiling tn a. . _. is this. if a nap is s; ‘ ard Silver in apncaratico bitt c lng the Pearl frc ' it will duce as many P on the . atre as any otlYr Standard S ' appearing carrir-r. 1.1 other nae:- there is no difference liettvecii half-blood or a thrcc-oudrtcr hi? in their abllitv to Nether is there rn" tween the so-callcd and the hall or thr: However, you must the case of the quarts- some of the 1111p; \'."l