. urqble acreage of Britain fell from 17,000,000 l°

‘PAGE roan u,

TllE Il-IIIIRLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

Morning Daily (Founded in i887) Authorised as Second Class Mull, Post Oflloo Department, Ottawa.

Prellslont, Ian A. Burnett; Vice-President, Wm. R. Barnett; SocL-Tream, G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Dlrector. J. R. Burnett; Associate Editor, Frank Walker.

“The Strongest llfeniory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.”

MONDAY JULY Zll, 1941 p—__i_~._ . . s

Llvlng Conditions In Russia

m

The most persistent legend about the Sov- iet regime is that it has given the Russian peo- ple a high standard of living. The absurdity of this claim is revealed in a study of living stand- ords in Russia preparcd by the Labor Depart- ment in Washington with its special knowledge of present-day conditions in the Soviet Union.

Since the end of the European war, the re- port declares, the price of food in the Soviet Union has risen 166 per cent, on the average, but wages have gone up only 25 per cent. These figures are based on official food prices in Mos- cow. Unrationad black bread has gone up 240 per cent, sugar 196 per ccnt, milk 220 per cent, beef 114 per cent and butter 136 per cent.

The report uses an interesting comparison between the weekly purchasing power of a Rus- sian worker (average salary 120 rubles) and a

factory worker in the United States (average salary $50).

On these two average weekly salaries, a Soviet worker can buy 23 loaves of bread, a

United States workman ut least 390 loaves. The Russian would exhaust his money in buying 17 pounds of sugar. The American can buy more than 500 pounds. Sixteen quarts of milk are o week's salary in Moscow In the United States the wage earner can get more than 275 quarts. A Russian worker con buy less than ten pounds of meat with all his salary; this, of course, is only a fraction of what can be had by the Am- erican. So it is with butter, eggs, fruit, and a thousand other things.

also introduced for hops, milk, bacon, plgs and potatoes.

Of further help to the farmer was the pow ing of the Land Drainage Act in 1930 which cro- ated boords to control the use of- water over areas oflas much as 21-2 million acres at a time. Bv the end of 1942 schemes costing the equival- ent of sixty-four million dollars hotl been ap- proved under this Act. During this period Sir George Stapledon's experiments produced im- proved strains of grass-as. It was he who ad- vocated "ley" farming, whereby pastures were renewed every few years by plowing and n- seeding. With the production of new grosses and careful livestock breeding Britain became the "stud" farm of the world. _

By 1939 agriculture was still Britain's larg- est industry, occupying 7O per cent of the land arca of England and Wales, and providing em- ployment, directly or indirectly, for over one million people. Yet despite this fact, Britain was producing less than one-third of the food she consumed. Moreover, British agriculture was unbalanced. While arable farming had sunk to 12,000,000 acres (the lowest in history) the num- ber of dairy cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry had nev-er been higher. In order to feed this live- stock Britain had to import between seven and eight million tons of feeding stuffs annually.

The report goes on to review Britain's tre- mendous efforts agriculturally during the recent war and post-war years,- which ore the most epic port of the whole narrative, though too familiar for detailed reference here. The story ends, characteristically, on a note of firm confidence in the future of the British farmer, based on the knowledge that "the best machines and tech- iiical advice are ot his service and that his right- ful place in the life of the country is firmly established."

- EDITORIAL NOTES —

Someone should tell the American Colonel Blimp, who is behind the building of 42,000 lb. bombs, that the atom has been split.,

fi I i i Mr. Eden finds it distressing for Britain

and the U. S. A. to be sending supplies to ro- habilitate Germany, while Russia continues to

The living standard in the United States and Canada is the highest in the world. That; of Russia is inferior to the countries of easternl Europe. Before the war, the average well-paid Russian had a living standard below that of Canadians on relief. Since the damage done by the Nazi invasion, standards in Russia have fallen with bleak regularity. The dictatorship is severe but people are hungry. Perhaps that is why Rus- sia has a dictatorship. Ai any rate it seems pre- posterous to soy that Russia has chosen economic security in preference to individual freedom. The Russian people have neither security nor freedom.

13..

Agriculture In Britain

It was the Romans who taught the Britons how to farm their fertile valleys, using the plow and oxen. It remained for the Saxons, however, to establish villages, and from this emerged the Manorial System with its three-field plan, under which the tenants held a number of strips in each of three communal fields, a system which remain- ed until the 14th centurywhen the need for en- closing land for sheep-raising, due to the expand- ed wool trade, began the movement which led to‘ the modern field system. These fields were eith- or owned outright by freeholders or farmed by tenants paying a money rent. ' _

Thus reads the first chapter in the evolution of British farming, as toid l'1 an attractively il- lustroted booklet published by the United King- dom Information Office, Ottawa. The storv I! one of epic achievement, related in the tersest Iungglghgoelenclosure of the land in Britain made possible a further development in arable forming which took place about 1720. The earth was improved by the use of various forms of lime and by the adoption of a four-course rotation of wheat, turnips, barley, clover, o system of farm- ing encouruged by the great landowners of the time, designed to keep the soil permanently fer- tile. Britain took its place as the most success- ful farming country in the world. I _d

British inventions came to the formers ai with Jethro Tull's corn drill in 1701, Jomei Smith's reaper in 1815, and Patrick Bell's reaper in 1828. There followed chaff-cutters, steam gultivators stream plows, binders, scarificrs, etc. At the soine time, livestock was improved. Rob- ert Bakewell (1725-95), by the most flush" methods, changed the iarge-DOHNI, coarse, slow- mururiug sheep of his cro into the well-fleshed animal which he called twelve». Leicester, whose blood runs in many of the famous sheep today. The annual sheepshcarings were the forerunners

of our modern agricultural shows. Improvements.

in breeds of swine, cattle and other livestock were introduced. _ _ h_ h Ironically, the Industrial Revolution-fw ic prompted so many inventions ‘to benefit tfhe farmer-was also responsible in some partd o; the decline of agriculture towards the en o the nineteenth century. By then I004 ¢°"lll l" b d heoply than it could hboggdirnfrtirhldrrlgl] 8221:5203 1867 and 1913 the

14500000 acres, but the demand for more mills and mbot for the new urban centres was respons- ible for increased numbers of llvefitflfill-

Thus, with the coming of World W01’ l and the ensuing U-Boat campaign Britain faced a serious food shortage. The farmers were ap- oolod to and responded by increasing the arable Bcreoge by nearly one and n half million acres in two years, from 1916 to I918. I

Tho period between the two wars was neces- sarily ono of adjustment. Groin prices fell owing to tho large world production and reduced in- dustrial demand, and British farmers had to adopt themselves as best they could to tho MW situation. In 1924 subsidies were introduced by tho British Government and from that year they were paid on sugar, from 1932 on wheat, from I934 on milk and cattle, and from 1938 on oats

take reparations from that country. i’ * i W

France as well as Holland is having diffi- ‘culty with her colonial empire. There is open lrevolf in Indo-China, and Emir Abd-el Krim, the "Lion of Morocco" is appealing for independence for Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. R R fl I

Oil and gasolene are to be under the Public tilities Board, ‘but whol for nobody seems to lknow, except to see that we obtain a fair share ‘of imports. There is no wartime order-in-coun- cil or legislation that would authorize any prov- ince to interfere with the flow of commerce and distribution of imports. - Q i i I Montreal is continuing its high handed pol- icy of cancelling hotel and tavern licences and seizing stocks of liquor. Such executive action is ,a long way from the ”rule of law and not of lmen." Magna Carta once guaranteed that sub- Ijects should not suffer in person or property ex- lcept by judgment of their p-eers. Now in Montreal lit is by judgment of officials. * i W I

How speedily the interests of trade wipe out patriotic and other sentiments. Already Ottawa is lsending a delegation at lurnberm-en to Japan, who are to be accompanied by officials. While rhe delegation is not primarily a trade mission, the announcement, made by Prime Minister Mackenzie King, said that the visit to the for east would "emphasize Canada's’ interest in and facilitate the revival of trade with that part of the world."

i I fl i’

' Old ortillerymen will be interested to learn that the military detention barracks on Mc- Ncb's Island in Halifax Harbor are to be moved shortly to the former military hospital, Elkins Barracks, at Eastern Passage, Halifax. An an- nouncement said the move was being mode "in the interests of economy, improvement of serv- ice, and the morale and welfare of the staff. At present, water transport, R. C. A. S. C., makes four trips daily from Halifax to the island, using two boats retained by the army for the purpose."

i‘ fi i‘ I

United Kingdom financial returns for the first quarter of th-e financial year, which were released July lsr, show an $880,000,000 excess of

[a deficit of $1,092,000 in the corresponding Jperiod of lost year. ‘Tue Budget estimate pro- ividcd for a surplus of $1,078,400,000 for the whole of the 1947-48 financial year (April 1st l0 MflH-‘li 31st) so that the excess achieved in {the first three months leaves a balance only of roughly $200,000,000 to be collected throughout the‘ rest of the y-ear for the realization of this estimate. I I I I Richard iCorbet, humorous poet, successive- ly Bishop of Oxford and Norwich, died this rlato, 1635; born in the reign of Elizabeth, his wit and eloquence recommended him to the favour of James, and his advancement in the Church was commensurate with his abilities. Benevolent, gon- crous, and spirited in his public character-ami- able and affectionate in private life—ho deserv- edly enjoyed the patronage of the great, tho op- pluuse and estimation of the good. ThB follow- ing lines, found written on the fly-leaf of a vol- umo of Corbet's poems, convey on excellent idea of his general character: If flowing wit, if verses writ with ease, lf learning void of pedanrry can please; If much good humour joined to solid sonso, And mirth accompanied with innocence, Can give a poet o lust right to fame, Then Corbet may immortal honour claim; For he these virtues had, and in his lines Poetic and heroic spirit shines; - Tnougli bright, yet solid. pleasant but not rude With wit and wisdom equally imbued, Be silent, Muse, thy praises are too faint,

and barley. Successful marketing schemes won]

Thou wont'st o power, tho prodigy to point}

Ar once a poer, preiore and o soinr. |

THE CHARLOTTl-STOWN cannons!"

7‘—" I “m” ‘l 1"‘ "'1' = 2i 8th oirni or

Gian MacLooiI

When Prince Albert hail tlso title, "Prince Consort" his wife. Victoria, was Queen. That prece-

dent may well rule in the present i Flora. Mm. MacLeod a; M". case of Princess Elizabeth and Mod, 0g Duvqm gum, 151g o1 Lleut. Mountbatten. It is, of course, Skye, (now visiting Nov; 5mm; fog l Pilrelv hvflvrrly rfink- A kins‘: the 9th. annual Gaelic Mod at st. wife is queen, but the husband I Anne's, July 30,-Aug. l.) became 91 l- qlleen 15 mil nflefilfll)’ 8 |2Bt.ti. Chief of her Clan on tho kmg- '- oimwl‘ Jllurllal- death of her fut-her Slr Reginald MacLeod of Maclaod, K.C.B. on Those square milk bottle: now l August 3p, 1935, growing in popularity in the South- _ A; may, “m, u "pm-r, w“ p". ern United states are not likely qwreu by u cqnmfltgg uppqiugeq w "etch o" time v1 the border. hy the Council of the Clan Mac- according to Canadian Grocer". Rea- I Lead Society. Edinburgh, with n. w" elven has "whips w do with Igard to the office of Chief of tho conservative Canadas love of the society, 50mg Qxggfpu (mm m1; orthodox either. It's simply a mot- 'feport follow; ter of climate-lb ls said to bel The Clan MacLeod (without en- doubtful if the shoulders of square , rering upon any question or prgeg- bottles could be made strong en- Idence) flmsms o; two m.“ oughyto resist the pressure caused ibranches, viz.: "Slot Tbrmod" (Mm. y winter doorstep freezinz. ~—Ca~ [Leads of Dunvegan) and "Slot Tor- Bdlfl" GYOCEY- quiI" (Maclseods of Lewis.) *“" The Chiefs of the Maclseods

Why bllllllllil h!" Pflcllllllll Durivegan, under the particulat- backs has now attracted the at- [ngmg of the mug; yo; m, “m, tention of the demon researchers. being, are variously described in They are trying to find out. why tne I the Pr“? Council Record‘ ‘nd Ac“ mines are rust that shape, with of Scots Parliament. and other one end slanted and the other one ioacuments. as "o! Dunvegan," “of

\

_ Y 28. i947

MI "l WNW l" Professional Cards

DI. 0.I. NOBDLAND Veterinary Sarsoon Mount Edward Road Charlottetown, PJZLL Phone I04

PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER

lhroograptiln; cards and clrouh“ seaport programa. Ofiflflpfllldgn“ BYIIII llll bofllkoaplllg IILIN OIDDEN ‘Inloplono llllI-J Apt No. l. Oonnaarh Apia, Penal Street

NEIL W. HIGGINS CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT Currie Building Charlottetown Tel. I636 P.O. Box 452 ___i__________

ti. A. McGUIGAN, ILA.

NOTARY. ETC. IAIRIBTEIL SOLICITOB CURB-ll BUILDING

§§O444§

IN 1887- the Empire celebrntedghe Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. la the same year the Manufacturer! Life Insurance Company was incorporated by an Act of the Parliament of Canada.

The company was born in an age of peace and growing prosperity. The world was then on the threshold of great technical and scientific achievement but no one visualized the turbulent times of war and economic stress which lay ahead. The sixty years which have elapsed have witnessed severely testing times for any life insurance institution but, in its Diamond Jubilee Year, the Maau-

rcvenue over expenditure. This compares with.

perpendicular. Personally, we never thought there was any ques- tion about 1t. The stopping end t; obviously for those people who like to lle and luxuriete in a warm bath. There are such fortunate folk, we are told. As for us, wc have never had the time. Bathing is a means of ivashing, and 15 to be accomplished as quickly as p03- sihle, with the clock ticking inexor. ably toward the moment we must make a dash for the office. And. having done without it so long. we doubt. whether we could enjoy 1y- lng back and dozing in the tun. But, for them as likes It, theses that reclining backrest. -Win<l.sm- Star.

After peering at the throats of 1.026 patients Drs. Paul H. Hol- linger, Albert H. Andrews, Jr., and Gwfge S. Anison of the Univer- sity of Illinois College of Medicine announced, according to Newsweek, that. hardware Items, chiefly nails, and other metal objects led 1hr,- llst. of things swallowed. Then came safety pins, coins and nuts.

It has been announced that. weather bureau experts in a certain locality will no longer be paid e. wage premium for working nights. And there is a certain rough justice ln that. The locality In question is the Arctic, where the nights are six months iong. -Chlcngo Journ- al of Commerce.

Canada has just issued a postage stamp to commemorate the new "lerzavl“ Canadian citizenship of Canadians. The blue colored four- cent stamp depicts a man stand- ing atop the globe svith hand .ip- raised to the name above: Canada. Below ls the word “Citize-n’ in English and French. The new stamp made its first appearance on Dum- inlon Day at post-offices arms Canada, coinciding with the aozn

anniversary of Confederation. ‘lhel r

stamp will carry letter-s to muny rorners of the ivorld and. let as

.. of the 10rd

rl-Iarrlsfl‘, "of Glenelg," "Laird of Dunvegori," "Laird of MacLeod." I'm that Ilk." The Chief of the MacLeods of Dunvczan la commonly known. according to Highland custom and usarze. as "Macleod of MacLeod", or "MacLeod." - There is ample evidence of Arms borne by the Chiefs of the MIC- Loods of Dunvegan for centuries before. but. the first matriculation ;of Arms in the Court of the Lord iLyon was In i753 by the 19th Chief ‘ tin corrected order, the 22nd Chief), the Arms thus matriculated being ‘designated as the Arms of “Nor- man MacLeod of that 11k." O O l l There ls record tn the repositor- ies at Dunvegan Castle of the Arms in 1784 of General Norman Mac-

INSURANCE

IIIAD OIIICI a

Lead of MacLeod. the 23rd Chief of the Marfseods of Dunvegan, being the Arms of "Norman Mc- Lead of McLeod." These Arms were ' the Arms borne by Norman Mag-l nus, the 26th. Chief. who was the I immediately preceding Chief of the Clan Society, and were mntrlculnt- l ,cci by him tn the Court of the‘ Lard Lyon in 1928, being the Arms of "Norman Mngnus MacLeod of MncLeod. Esquire, In the Island of Skye." These Arms, on his death in 1920, succeeded by his next lbrathen then became the Arms of iSir Reginald. the 27th Chief, and the late Chief of the Clan Society. | Flora, Mrs. MacLeod of MneLeod. is the heiress and successor of Slr Reginald MaeLeod of MacLeod. K. C. B..- the 27th Chief of the Mac- iLeods of Dunvegan, and the late Chief of the Society. in the Land of MacLeod, embracing the Lands and Castle of Dunvegan_ and the _ owner thereof, and she ls In right lot the Family Arms. being the l Arms as known In 1784. and me- itiriculoted in i928. These Arms. but without. the Crest, irmlch ls inapplicable tn the ease of a fe- male successor, have been matricu- lated in her person in the Court Lyon as the Arms

hope, will emphasize in a rlirzntfied of “Flmqm Mistress Macbeod. m

manner the fact that. a Canadian ls a citizen of a llfiliflfl that has won a place of Importance among the countries of the world. -E:i- monton Journal.

Meatless days persist In spilr of the fact. that meat rationing is a. thing of the past. Whether any meat ls saved In the long ruii by this regulation ls at least doubtful. Il. has been suggested that the real reason for retaining meatless days in restaurants is the same as that for retaining the prohibition on the sale of rcady-sllcen bread-gov- ernment lnertla. - Winnipeg Trib- une. .

An Oxford don wlin died n few years ago hnd n large and valuable collection of books, ivhlch he tent widely to hls friends. The hooks were always faithfully and prompt- ly returned. The reason was that whenever he lent. a book he not only recorded It In n list hut exacted from the borrower a monetary de- posit equal to the published price. ‘This was returned when the hook came back, which It never failed to do. -Manchester Guardian.

Beauty is from. It ls In the per- petua] possession of all who can ste or feel. It ls present by day and by night, in the near and In the most remote corner of the universe. It. needs only to he recorznlzed to be possessed, and carried as a mom- ory in the heart. Beauty ls not. to be plucked or gathered, like flower that wllts when detached from the stalk. It ls part of the universe, and yet. tn the domain of everyone. —Vlctorla Colonist.

The higher the temperature goes. and the more humid It. becomes the less work you can do. It. Isn't. a mere matter of comfort, as so many people imagine. It. isn't just a question of forgetting about the weather and getting down to ivork It ls a matter of just what. the body will stand without o more or less serious collapse. You can drive just. so for, and your hody will do the best. ft, can for you by cooling you off by evaporating perspiration. But. ivhen perspiration begins tn decline, you had better slow down. You've had your wnmtng.

II. J. IRRBIIII

OFIOMITIIII Iltttag and lmylae Glance

Montana, P. I. I.

Offloolnro lltolitll. illolll.

Iotllan no. tn ippotnanoas Offloo Connected With.

a ' regan under the

the Isle of Skye." O O t l The Rev. Canon Roderick Char- lles MacLeod of MacLeod. who was the youngest son of the 26th. Chief tot the MavLeods of Dunvegan. and the brother of the 25th and 71th Chiefs died In 1934. Canon Mac- Leod survived his brother, Norman Marznus. the 26th Chief, but pre- deceased his brother Slr Reginald, the 27th. Chief, and he would have been the succeedlngChlef of the MncLeorIs of Dunvegnn baa he survived the late Chief. ‘Ilia only son of Canon Mischood. and who was the immediate male represen- tative, In the next. generation, of the MacLeods of Dunvegan, vtz.. Lieu- tenant. Inn Breac Miscloeod, Royal Highlanders (Black Watch) —waa killed in 1915 lmwprld War I. I