SEPTEMBER 12. 1949' ,.--.._.

ly His Eminence Cardinal McGuigan

‘Thoughts For Our Time l

(CoPYflIht)

The school, although it is not the only agency in education. fills . ‘my important role in that ‘pliers. We can, however. have w“; quite false notions as to what a school should be.

1,, this century. the century of mas; production, we must be caro- m, not to make factories out ol nu,- schools, to have assembly-line formltion of identical products. 1e do so would be to offer insult ,0 ‘he pupils, They are not just ,0 much molten metal which is thrown into different moulds or

ocessed _metals which is beaten into certain forms. They arc hu- man beings, all different since there are no two personalities which are identical.

Whatever we might think about hiass production as a method _of satisfying some of our material needs. it is very definitely wrong .5 h method in the education of our children. Yet there is a tendency towards this in the schools of today especially in the dflm-ly populated urban centres and in our overcrowded universi-

mii- school should be a meeting

.1.:cc oi personalities especially m,» personalities 0f U18 1680b!!!‘ and the pupil and this implies

thit the teacher should know his o, her pupils and respect and lave them: and they must know thcm as human beings and not simply as the boy or girl in scat four of aisle three. ln short, the pupil must be met and known and treated as a distinct human personality, There ls no other way tn which there can be exercised my vital or dynamic action be- !“'(>Rn the teacher and the pupil.

Another thing about which we must be on our guard is the false conception of the function cl the teacher. There is no doubt that teaching is an art and re- quires a certain talent and skill on the part of the teacher for the teacher is an artist. His art, how- ever is not like the art of a sculp- tor who works on inanimate stone or clay. The subject of the teach- er‘! art, the child or student is a living vital and vibrant being. The work,of a teacher and his srt is somewhat like the ‘work snri art of a doctor. In fact the word "doctor" is the old Latin word for teacher.

Help Mind of Pupil

This does not mean that the teacher is dealing exclusively with sick people. Doctors are con- suited not only in cases of dis- ease. but also to insure continued health. Medicine deals with a liv- int! being that possesses inner vi- tality and the internal principle of health. The doctor exerts a real power and casuality but he does it by helping nature. The doctor imitates the ways of nat- ure and helps nature by providing appropriate diet and remedies that nature herself uses. Medicine is an art that ministers to nature an art subservient to nature. This means, of course, that nature her- self is the principal agent in in- suring health. It also means that in cases of healing the doctor has tn have something to work on

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that what he dcas is to help na- ture do the healing. A real influ- ence, a necessary work but at the same time one that leaves no doubt that the principal agent in health is nature herself.

The same holds true of educa- tion. A vital and active principle of knowledge exists in each of us. This inner vital principle the teacher must respect above all. lust as the doctor must respect the organism with which he deals. The art of the teacher consists in imitating the ways of intellectual nature in its own operations. The teacher's role is to help the mind of the pupil to progress and also to comfort the mind of the pupil by helping him to take steps

which be is unable to take by’

himself. Pupil is Psramount This means. 0f course, in tho process of learning that of the

two dynamic factors present. the mind ‘of the pupil and the art of the teacher, the principal agent is the internal vital principle in the one to be educated, the mind of the pupil. The educator or

teacher is only secondary. The most important people in our schools are the pupils. The

schools are for them. They are the ones who have to do the learning. Teachers are only help- ei-s. The teachers perform only a secondary role in the educational sphere. The sooner we get rid of the impression that the teacher can do anything, the better; and the sooner teachers realize their limitations, the more effective their work will become.

Here the teachers and profes- sors may sometimes find consola- tion for failures and think of them as due to the defect cf the princi- pal agent. the student. and not

as s doctor may console himself for failure by saying that he was faced with an impossible task. Such an excuse is often valid. Yet, apart from this, the considerations which we have just made illum- lnate the conflict between the old form of education by the rod and progressive education which stresses the freedom and the in- ner natural vitality of the child.

Need Moral Authority

Education by the rod is bad education because it makes the teacher the principal agent and perverts the very nature of the educational task. The teacher must repsect the inner freedom of a child. Children are free and we must not forget it. Yet their freedom is a plastic and suggest- ible freedom and it is harmed and

let astray if it is not helped and guided. Hence. while education by the rod is bad education, educa- tion which simply a-ufllimpllica the spontaneous blossoming forth of a child's instincts with the teacher as a tractable and almost

seless ' iii is a bankruptcy of education and also the bank- ruptcy of the responsibility of adults towards the youth. The right of the child to be educated requires that the educator have moral authority over him. and this authority is nothing else than the duty of the adult to the free- dom of youth.

If such an attitude could pre- vail‘ in our schools, wa would remedy some of the defects now noticeable in them. It would bring to light once more the notion that the teaching office is really a vo- cation and not simply a lob. It would also insist on the fact that the school is a place for students to work and work hard for their own development. Finally. it would be a place where respect for authority would be inculcated ‘accuse pupils would soon realize that such authority is not wielded in an arbitrary fashion but simnl" out of a sense of duty to fulfill

our obligations to them.

THE MOST WONDERFUL BABY IN THE WORLD:

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their own deficiencies; much,

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THE CENTRA

L GUARDIAN

. This column is reserved for news of locel interest, but advertising of a newsy nature may be inserted at live oenta a word. strictly pay- able in advance.

IIMMIE’! TAXI. Pflont B26.

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stock. Storey Electric. HUWABD MaclNNla lifted

Footwear at 175 Queen Street,

SALE OI‘ STOCK SUITS. J. P. MacPherson s» San, Queen street.

BUYING FOWL and Chicken Tuesday, Sept. 13th, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Satisfaction guaranteed. Re- quire large quantity heavy capon fcr.American market. Buying Fri- day 10 am. to 12 noon. R. L. Dickleson, New Glasgow.

NOTICE T0 ADVERTISERS- Advertisers are reminded that their copy must be tn the Gcardial. not later than noon the prev- ious day to guarantee insertion. Out of city advertisers who telo- phone classlfleds, etc. should par- ticularly bear this in mind.

VERNON RIVER MEETING. — Federation of Agriculture meeting, Vernon River Hail. Tuesday even- ing, September 13th. at. 8.30. Dis- cussion of farm organizations and marketing problems by Depart- ment: of Agriculture and Fedor- ation officials. Farmers in sll sur- rounding districts invited. L. P. Mclsaac, Box 99.

FUNERAL SATURDAY — The funeral of the late Adrian Dou- cette was held from the home of his brother, Andrew Doucette, on Saturday morning, Sept. 10th, to St. Augustine Church, Rustlco, where Mass was celebrated by Rev. Father Petre. who also officiated at the grave. The pail-bearers were Messrs, Jeremiah Doucette, James McDonald. Gerald Proctor, John Gallant, Arthur Gallant and John Pineau. Burial was in the Church cemetery. CAPTURE!) TBUBO TROPHY — Much interest is being shown in the honour coming to Mr. Thomas B. Fell, Stcwlacke, N. S., formerly of Tryon in this Province, when his registered cow, Pontiac Bessie Vale, captured ‘he silver cup at the recent Truro Exhibition. This cup was donated by Munn Bros, North Sydney, for theg best Hol- stein female, any age, brad and owned by_ exhibitor. She is a descendant of Aggie Mcrcenn Vale which was purchased by Mr. Fell in 1930 from the late lion. Wal- ter M. Lea. She traces three time! on the she's side to Jean Alber- klrk Pontiac, n former champion for milk and fat in the herd of W, R. Bovyer, Bunbury, and a later outcross from a grandson of King Bessie 37th, namely, Falcon- wood King Pat. After having her calf some two weeks ago she was somewhat thin but hor wonderful dairy qualify and temperament were undeniable and carried her to the top. Milking heavily with a first test of 4.8 she bids fair to eclipse her last 4-year-old R.O.P. record of 18.121 lbs. milk and 606 lbs. fat on two mllklngs.

Personals Mrs. John MacInnls. City. and Mrs. N. J. MacDonald, Caledonia. returned home on Thursday evening after visiting friends and relations in Monoton, N.B.

Rev. Mr. Chcwcn was among the Sunday guests at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Murray, Val- leyfield.

Mr. and Mrs. Angus MacGowan. Pinette, were recent visitors at the home of Mrs. MacGowanH pnrantl, Mr. and Mrs. John Nicholson, Val- lcyiiald.

Mrs. Howard Nickorson has re- turned to her home in Valleyficld after enjoying an extended trip visiting relatives and friends in Nova Seotlh. New Brunswick and

Too Many Versions 0f .“0 Cltliada"

VANCOUVER. Sept. 11-(0?) — Mrs. 0.5. Peels. president of the Women's Canadian Club. isn't hap- py about one of Canada's National songs and she's'on the warmth. She hopes to met tho Canadian Club's 2.000 members behind her and get "O Canada." revised, or at least have one of its two versions designated as the official one. "l-icw can we hope to have Can- adian unity until we have). standard National anthem?" she as s.

(Canada's official National anth- em is "God Save The King.")

To this end, the Women's Camd- lan Club at its National convent- ion Sept. 23 in Saskatoon, will dcal with the matter of an official anthem.

One of the members-Mrs. Percy Blisllcross-haa written lyrics for "O Canada" which chart a middle

course between the two versions now in use. The Shallcross lyrics eliminate

reference to our “native land." con- tained in the Weir version. but re- tain the first two lines of the Buchan version.

"As c,basia for discussion. the new version will be roposed as the official version." ever. Mrs. Paele adds. she herself prefers the Buchan version, now used by the Vancouver Branch of the Canad- ian Club.

The more commonly used Weir version begins:

"0 Canada, our Home and Native Land.

"bi-us Patriot love..."

CIASWILI. for Photographs.

OONIIDIRATION LII’! IN- SIlB-ANUI.

NOTICE ‘to ADVIITIIIII. _ Advertisers are reminded that their copy must be in the Guardian not later than nocn- the prev- ious day to guarantee imertlon. Out. of city advertisers who tele- phone classifieds. etc» should par- ticularly bear this in mind.

ENGAGEMENT — The engage- ment ia announced of Mary Dor- othy, only daughter of the late James B. and Mrs. Croken of Summerfleld, Prince Edward Is- land, to Hughes Marshall. son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Corbin of Chester Basin, N, S. Marriage to take place the latter part of Sep- tember ln 8t. Thomas Church, An- napolis Royal, N.S.

Man In The Moon Stynii-es Romance,

Hollywood Expert

~By VIVIAN BROWN NEW YORK. Sept. l1 - (AM- Stay out of the moonlight, girls, if you want to win that man. Moon- light in the park or woods or on a deserted street — everyplace but on the water — is the worst pos- sible light for romance. It has a ghostllke quality, says John Alton. one of Hollywood's outstanding

photographers. l-le thinks the mood of mystery created by deep shadows and

strong highlights from the moon ruins romantic atmosphere.

But if you can lure that man to the water, and the moon happens to shine, well then, girls, you've got something. The water will fil- ter it, he saya.~ turning it lnto musical form that does spell ro- mance. He says:

"Successful women of the world in every generation have been conscious. of light. Cleopatra never appeared in public except in light that flattered her. Rita Hayworth, Marlene Dietrich. Joan Bennett, always have been conscious of the light —and, they always have been surrounded by men."

If you go to the beach with your beau, be sure you sit under a beach umbrella, especially at high noon. Strong llghta created by conflicting sources -- beach. wat- er, sky, sun -- crcste shadows. But don't leave the beach early be- cause just before sunset - when the light turns to outage - really is your best bet. Good on moun- tain tops, too. he says.

Aboard ship your best light is] immediately after sunlight with the beautiful "hypnotic quality" of light coming from the east.

Mirrors and flats

Carry a. mirror with you at all times is Altonls advice, and wear a hat with a brim. Men adore them because it casts a. soft light upon the face and keeps direct harsh sunlight off the face.

In restaurants sit away from lights that hang directly in the open - they will add 10 years to your age, and lights from below give “criminal light" illumination. Low candles are terrible, too, he says and continues:

"All women think candle light is romantic. But it isn't. Candles were never made to be put be- tween two people. They should be like other light. used on the side at‘ eyes height. not above or be- low, ar else the human counten- ance does not seem normal." Alton, who has just written a book on "painting with light," says that during the summer pink light increased naturally. So if you want to keep that man who i5 visiting you from developing wolf tactics, use light with a bluish tint. His pulse rate fa high enough on s. hot night without adding to the excitement with was-m light. In the winter. however. it is Just the opposite. Give him plenty o! pink light. It will heighten the ro- mantic a-unosphere in the home and your success will be inevit- able -_ if you keep him in s. pink glow, of course.

MOI-IAMMEDAN CITY

Largest town in Pakistan is La- hore, with a. population of over

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

SANDPIPEB

M. a casual glance, Sandpipers are so. very much alike that if we really want te identify any special one we need to know the dis- tinguishing marks of each species. All are obviously shore haunters, equipped for such a llfc. Their bills, used for probing in wet sand, are long, slender, and tapering, usually straight though sometimes down-curved: their legs, designed for wading, are long and slender.

Having learned carefully only the springtime appearance of the Sandpipers, you could ncvcr differ- entiate them in autumn. because their plumage has changed. Cer- tain characteristics oi‘ the Semi- palmated are always the same, as the small webs between the toes which have supplied its name; but naturally they cannot be seen ll we wstch the bird pick its way along a beach. And its legs are still a dusky green, almost black. a feature which aids in distinguish- ing a Semipalmated from the slightly smaller but very similar Least Sandpiper, whose legs are yellowish. A somewhat stoutcr bill ls a constant distinction. Its up- per side, never as brown as that of its little relative, is now ashy grey, the feathers lighter tipped: its P1179!‘ White breast has even paler streaks than in spring. in flight the two are particularly sim- ilar, showing a faint, White wins- strlpe. Their habits are so much the same that they associate on open, sandy beaches, running after the receding waves to nab small crustaceans. They oftcn nest near each other also, on the ground in alight hollows, using a tiny bit of waste vegetable matter from close by as lining, These two species even travel together. But the Semlpalmated does more wading and sticks closer to sandy beaches.

As summer draws to a close the Scmipulmatcd becomes very fat from the abundant food, and when lt finds a sheltered spot in the sunshine likes to dawdlo there be-

very like a human being! During these rests We may hear its voice continually. The commonest note ls a single "cherk", though it is classed in with the Sandplpers that are known as “Peeps".

Some of these birds have a very long way to go, for they breed along the eastern Arctic coast south to southern Labrador. Those from farthest north are gradually joined on the migration route by other Sandpipers. They like com- pany for the trip. All go at least as far as Texas for their winter holidays. Then a few at a time drop out of the flock, though many fly right on to Patagonia.

Do Geese fly high?

Winnipeg Woman llad Active Role In ll. N. Service

WINNIPEG. Setpt. i1 — (OPP-A who played a busy part ln the eventful mediation of the Pales- tine problem and, terved as a Bernadette and Dr. Ralph Bunche secretary under Count Folke during the long negotiations, ls

back home for a rest.

She is Helen Bwkell. and after two years away from home-mi: of thirn in the troubled Middle East -she says it has been a “wonderful experience."

At her parents’ homo in subur- ban Eimtwood she said it was a love of travel which led her into the United Nations’ service and into the peace talks which have been term-

ed one of the United Nations’ biggest achievements. "I went to.Egypt with Count

Flolke Bernadotteks mediation group, and although Count Bernadette set up his headquarters on the neutral island of Rhodes. his Egyptian staff. of which I was a member. was stationed in Cairo." she said in an interview.

"Senor Pablo do Azcarate, former Spanish ambassador to London. Saleh Mahmoud and

the mediation

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myself made up

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' ent place,

fore continuing its Journey. Howl

igion

Very few papers reach ends desk in these days without some reference to freedom. It ll dil- cussed by all sorts of men in all sorts of connections. In all con- ferences on the rights of the in- divldual, freedom holds a promin- The World Council of Churches in Amsterdam insisted on both religious and civil liberty. and every committee meeting un- der its auspices has dealt with some denial of the freedom of the Spirit.

One reason for this is the threat to all forms of freedom by total- ltarlan tyrannles. But Marxian Communism, however, is not the only menace to freedom.

Our concern here is with the freedom of the spirit. This am- phatlc assertion of the liberty of the Christian was made by St. Paul: "For freedom Christ has set us free; stand fast, therefore, and do not submit again to a Y0)" 01 slavery."

The first element in the freedom of the Christian is his r1871! f0 approach God through Christ. The inspired word is: “Through Him we both" (Le. both Jew and Gan- tile) "have access in one spirit w the Father." (Ephesians 2113)‘ "There is one God, and there is one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who, gave Himself as a ransom for all." (I Timothy 2:5) Outward observ- ances may be a help; "l! I59?!‘ mcnts for example, not only sym- bolize but also convey the Brace of Christ to the believer; but nothlng_ external must ever come between Christ and the soul or be regard- ed as a substitute for personal trust in Him.