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PAGE 4 WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 3, 195.
Men And Evolution
Dr.‘ Herman J. Mueller, well known geneticist and a’1946 Nobel . Prize winner, told the 10th Inter-
natiOnal Congress of Genetics in Montreal that “continued fitness of the hUman race might require that conscious artificial selection some day be added to the evolutionary forces of; national selection”. ‘
Dr. Muller noted that ‘mOdern medical science is permitting in- creases in the sum of genetic weak- .%3 nesses allowed toisurvive and to be ‘ passed on to future generations. (In ‘ “ other words, modern medicine is al-
: alive and reproduce their kind.) Eventually, he believes, people will have to develop “a different atti- tude” toward the producing of child- ren, “giving more regal-d to the. future of the child and its descend- ants [and less to the whim of the parents”. People with many defects will come to realize that they ought not to produce offspring.
The noted scientist concluded his address by saying that he did not ' want to discuss‘the subject at length, because he felt that the public was “not yet ready to consider such ideas”. He can say that again. And
maintain, was the most practical—— and perhaps the most sensible—part of the whole‘lecture. ’
Treaty Of, Friendship
The British Empire is safe for a while longer,’if Queen Salote of the Tonga Islands has; her way. Word from Nokualofa, the capital, is that the little Pacific Kingdom has‘signed a new treaty of friendship with Great Britain. ' '
Under the treaty Tonga will con- tinue as a British protectorate, but the cluster of islands—150 of them —will have increased internal government. This chiefly of wider trading powers in copra, the main product of the area. Britain [will retain responsibility in foreign affairs. (This ought not to be a very heavy burden.) , Queen Salute, who, incidentally, stands 6 feet, 3 inches and weighs 280 pounds, will continue in her royal state, and, presumably, will continue to do homage to Queen, Elizabeth the Second. That, how- ever, is a ticklish question; one sovereign does not usually like to do homage to another.
The Tonga Islands were dis-
> He'called them the “friendly isles” because of the hospitality of the natives. He gave the islanders a tor- toise which, though now nearly 200 years old, is reported to be in good health and spirits. During the years the tortoise. which receives special treatment in the royal grounds, has been regarded as a symbol of British friendship. In her message to Queen , Salote, Her Majesty Queen Eliza- ' beth spoke of the “long and happy” relation between the two kingdoms.
A Dying Language
ted the world together is dying, re- ports the National Geographic So- ciety. This is the Morse code, now the specialty of a retiring group of older men, which seems destined , eventually to have as few living ; users as Sanskrit. Teleprinters, "l fascimile circuits, and automatic H translators that require no rarer skill than typing, are taking over. : Today’s beginning telegrapher doesn’t ‘_: ‘ need to know Morse at all. Some of the old telegraph keys are still in action, often at sporting events such as golf tournaments and regattas: Where they are more economical than heavier installations. But the trend is seen in majorvleague base- ‘ ball parks, a favorite spot‘of the old Eg‘ Morse men, now converted to key— ' board sending.
One by one, the railroads are abandoning the code that revolu- tionized traffic safety and schedul- ing. On the international railways some Morse is still heard, but much of that is both coded and trans- mitted by machine. Even the Boy 3% Scouts of America, long Morse de-
lowing many unfit persons to stay"
that last phrase, many people will,
covered by Captain Cook in 1777. '
A once-vital language that knit-'
votees, have lessmied the Morse re- quirements for their amateur-radio merit badge. Scout officials had considered dropping it completely, but changed their minds after ap- peals from the armed forces. Sol— diers have saved their lives by a rudimentary knowledge of the code.
Morse does not click-clack to- ward the grave unsung. The Morse Telegraph Club of America, made up of sbme 6,000 present and former Mdrse telegraphers, gathers in 42 chapters across the country to talk over old‘times and contribute to the history of their craft. National President W. B. Patterson, of Los Angeles, California, sadly admits, however, that club members are part of “a dying art and profession.”
A Defeated Program
In April the United States. Tariff Commission recommended in- creased duties on imported lead and zinc as protection for the domestic industry. The President refused to carry out the recommendation, pend- ing Congressional action on a bill suggested by .the which would have the effect of sub- sidizing these and other minerals. so as to avoid the necessity of rais- ing the tariff. ,
The .bill " would have provided principally for the following prm grams: 1. A 5-year plan to stabilize the prices of lead, zinc, acid-grade fluorspar » and tungsten produced from domestic mines. The differences between market prices and stabiliza- tion priCes to be paid by the Government were set out in the measure; 2. Incentive payments to producers of chromide, beryl ores and concentrates; 3. A 1-year pro-e
150,000 tons of copper. The price would not be in excess of 27% cents a pound.
‘gress would pass the bill with per- haps some minor amendments. How- ever, towards the end of the ses- sion' the House of Representatives quashed the program. Nothing fur-
new Congress meets in January. Meanwhile, it is not known 'eXactly what new action the President will take. It seems unlikely, hoWever, that lead and zinc inrports from Canada will be subjected to higher tariffs. The President has virtually given a commitment to that effect.
'EDlTORlAL NOTES _
\ . A new periodical called ; “Prob-
lenis of Peace and Socialism” has ap- peared in East Germany. The purpose ofthe sheet, according to its spon- sors, “is tb consider . the new prob- lems created by powerful historical changes of our epoch on Marxist-Len- inist Theory.” Pity the poor editor! i Q , t A report says that in its first 100 years the United States’ petroleum industry has processed more than 104 “trillion” dollars worth of crude, oil. In American usage a trillion is a. thousand billions. In British notation it represents a million billions. It’s a lot of oil, anyway, however the term is interpreted. ' , 4: a: a:
Evidently the recession has not spread far beyond the North Ameri- can Continent. A report from Paris says that economists “fear” that it may reach to Europe if it doesn’t soon end ,' and a report from London says that inflation, not recession, is what is worrying Government of- ficials.
It at o ,
It would be a mistake to supose the Mr. Hammarskjold’s presence in t e Middle East will bring about withdrawal of American and British troops from Lebanon and Jordan These troops were sent into the area to carry out a special task—ensuring the safety of Lebanon and Jordan from outside aggression. They will
- not be withdrawn until the danger of. all such aggression has passed.
' ‘ t *
Newfoundland fishermen are han-
dicapped these days by shortage of bait. However, Nova Scotia herring fishermen are jubilant because they are receiving $3.50 a barrel for the herring, compared with the normal price. of $2.75. one vessel in Yar- mouth has taken 200,000 pounds to Newfoundland ports, while another is waiting for a similar load. Thisgbait shortage is an annual problem. The only answer to it is a— system of bait depots where herring and other bait fish can be stored in times of plenty. There are several ’ of these depots around the Newfoundland coast but not nearly enough to meet the de— mand. The same difficulty applies to. this province to a lesser extent.
“F \\\nfi< ;
5.\‘
‘E‘Jt:
Administration -
gram to purchase and stockpile‘
It seemed for a time thatl Con- '
ther can be done about it until the ,
\‘
GETTING TO THE BOTTOM OF IT - .
Notional Bewildermenl
7 By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent For The Guardian
The people of Canada are liv- ing under an entirely new sys- tem of government, which they neither understand nor knew how to manage,” the Evening Report-
‘ at of Gall, 0mm), told its read-
ens in an editorial last week, quot- ing a magazine article which pin- pointed 1945 as the commence- ment of this new system. “This
' is the explanation for, our nation-
al bewilderment over the races- sion.” ,
To many people on Parliament Hill, one writer of that‘magazinc article showed that he is as be— wildered’as everyone disc. For as everyone hone knows, we are
not living under a “new system”
of governaicnt. We still have the same old parliamentary system. What is new is the economic sys- tem, hvcomporatlng very much more govermneut interference in our daily Here in- Parlia- mentwesee'tliatflhlslse‘spec- tally noticeable in the manifesta- tions of the Welfare State and the ManagedDollarf “ -" ' "
'llhel: “national bewildemnen-t” is a true phnase. No matter where we, live, each one of us
. can truly say that the world and
our ooumny and our province and our community are all in a be- wildering state. Goermment» statis- ticians here tell us that we have never been so prospmus as we are today; yet our pensonal ex— periean tells us first we have developed more cares . n anxie-
ties since the Welfare State er-
mneously Ibid us to say farewell
Atomic
The report f the Uni-ted Na- tions scientificl committee on the elfects of atomic radiation is very reassuring about the long- ,tenm health risks due to coma-- urination of the surface of the globe by fallout, from weapon tests. In all the essentials this report, drawn up by experts of 14 nations on the direction of the General Assembly, is very simi- lar to the White Paper drawn up by the Bullish Medical Research Council two years ago.
Britain’s lead in the develop- ment of nuclear enengy for the generation of electricity places a great responsibility on British doctons and scientists to ensure that these great projects are push- ed ahead without endangering health. since exacth similar con- siderations apply when contamin— ation arises from peaceful uses as from bomlb - testing.
The pniuciipal point to bear in mind when considering the clan- gens of additional sources of ra- diation is that we live in a world of radiation which comes to us in part from outer space - cos- ml'c rays - from radium in rocks all round us, and even from Ilia- turally enduring radioactive ma- terials which. are present in all the food and water we consume, In addition, there is man-made radiation due to a large number of factors, varying form Lumin- ous wrist watches to the medi- cal use of x—rays.
-RAYS MAJOR CAUSE
Fallout contributes negligibly to eutra - nadlation to which the people of the industrial countries of the world are exposed. The widespread use of x-rays for di- agnostic purposes provides about one hundred times as much ra— diation where medical facilities are advanced, such as in Western Flu-rope and the United States.
The United Nations report ex» presses concern over the magni- tude of the radiation burden over and above the normal background
' in most highly - developed count-
ries and unges that immediate steps be taken to reduce it
In the belief that “every little helps" the stopping of weapon tests would be of some benefit. but the really significant improve-
to our worries. THESE ARE EXAMPLES
We have more life insurance in effect today than ever before, and proportionately more than any other country. Yet the secur- ity which that insurance offers to wlves and children is half what is was ten years ago. ,
We receive flatter pay paellats than we dreamed of in our most ambitious moments ten years ago. But we Can never save a nickel, and have to borrow more ouch year, at exonbltaxnt interest rates, to pay for the gadgets and gim- mick-s we ‘Jbuy on lame.”
Scientists have made such won- derful progress that they are now endangering our lives with leu- kemia and cancer and fihroabené ing to maloe our great great grandchian into monsters, through the hazards of firom‘Xarvay and HM.
These are the things whlclh have changed —— or some of them; our government has not changed. For that is still made up of our aver-
age fellow citizens such as the:
small town lawyer and the big town doctor, the country fanmer and village iii-enchant, the sch-001- teaclier and the clergyman. But winning an electoral majority and sitting in Parliament does not
“convert a doctor into a. trained
economist, a lawyer into a skill- ed administrator, a farer into a brilliant planner or a cleng‘y— man into a sound pullcymalker. NEW LOOKIN POLITICS
Yet those are our new govern- mental needs under the new econ-
Rodiolion Report By Dr, Peter Alexander vUnited Kingdom Information:
66
The committee feels that rela- tively simple changes can partly reduce the amount of genetically harmful nadialtion which is rc- ceived in this way. without de- priving the physician of worth — while itnrfonmatlion. The new re- commendations have been made and. if followed, will reduce our radiation burden. ' 1
This argument can only apply to industnlalised countries. Since the people of underdevelooed cou- ntries do not receive an aiprpreci~ able dose from medical x-rays, radiation from bonlb-testing rc- presents the major part of the man » made radiation which they receive.
Moreover, the principle com- ponent of fallout - strontium 90- will be taken up to a substantial- ly greater extent by people who
layer of fat under the skin. This lat greatly impairs dissupatiom of r ,body heat through conduction and
~ to sweat more profusely than persons of normal weight.
has an adverse effect on
lads, slain ulcers and shrine dis-
umic and welfare system.
Instead, government has be- come so complex and so overlaid with routine office wank that everyone in it, fmrn Prime Min— ister to rookie stenogmdplier, is absorbed by the urgent routine of the day,witl1 no one to all back and take stock of the pre- sent position and possible future course. ,
'Ilhis highlights our need for a new look in our system.
it was blatantly obvious under the former Liberal administrx. lion. An sx-Gabinet Mil-ulster from those days has pdblzi'cly admitted
that they had no time to create
new ideas, and their failure in this respect was a substantial cause of their downhill.
This Govermnont has penhaps showth first slgmiofanut— tempt to meet this need in the appointment of Cabinet Ministers without dupanhmntal pontfollios' and routine administrative duties Only when freed film the alba-
tross, of red tape and bureaucra-
tic labour will any later today have time liar the ne- cessary creative think-ing and dis. cussion. Only then will “an en- new system of govern - merit” be seen _i.n_0bta:wa..
This need? has bison encounter- ed inprevious days. though per- haps mover so acutely. It has been met in different ways. In the ungency of war, Washington rolled on “Dollar a year men," ldglrbusiness executlvos and lead- ing professional trained minds, loaned to government .as apat- niotic gesture. In the urgency of creating/n new country, the Oc\'nissioner for the young South Africa half a century ago creat- ed ‘Wlilner’s Kindergarten” of brilliant young planners. ‘
Obtain the bulk of their dietary calcium from vegetables on which nadioactive material settles rath- er than by those who consume dairy produce, since the cow acts as an efficient filter. It eats grass with strontium 90 which collects in its bones an-dcgives rise to almost uncontaminated milk and meal. GUESSWQRK INVOLVED
But even so the risk is small, and figures calculated by the committee for themumber of ad- ditional cancers produced are less than one percent of those which occur naturally - even when the most unfavourable a-ssumzpa tions are made. In the present state ‘of knowledge no definite statements can be made and all figures are based to some extent on guesswork. Indeed there is some justification for working on the basis that a certain- minimum dose is necessary before any cas- es um'llll occutr.‘llf this proves to be the case then there will be no additional cancer cases at all.
The Issue At Little" Roc By George Kitchen ' Canadian Press Staff Writer
The central issue in the Little Rock school integration ease is whether the United States Su- preme. Oourt should bow to mob rule and agree to postpone what
,it already has proclaimed to be
the law of the land.
In its current integnaltion study, the court is considering the mer- its of the legal controversy over whether integration in Central ng'h school in Little Rock, Ark, scene of integration riots last fall, should be deferred for‘fll‘z years.
The Little Rock school board has obtained a lower-court order postponing integration for that pe- riod. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored Poo pie is asking the supreme Court to refuse the delay and direct that integration be resumed when the school opens its fall term within the next week or two.
That is the bare legal outline of the case, which opened before the court Thursday and will he argued in full Sept. ll. UNDERLYING ISSUE
But Chief Justice Earl Warren put :his finger on the underlying issue when, during the Thursday
ments must come from a change hearing. he asked the counsel in the general practice of x-ray representing tho Little Rock diagnoses. school board:
“Can we afford to defer a pro- gram of this kind merely be-
cause there are elements in a‘
community that will commit vio- 1 e to prevent it from going into eel?"
Warren din/loudly had in mind the nwb violence which kept seven Negro childmen out of Cent-val High last September and finally resulted in President Eis- enhower sending federal troops to hold the mob in check and permit the Negroes to attend classes.
Under the U.S. constitutional setup. federal power is divided among the Congress, the presi- dent and the Supreme Court. The count takes on the aspects of a
lawmahimg body when. it inter-p
prets the American Constitution» one of its primary duties. ENTRENCHED POLICY
It was exercising this function in 1954 when it directed the south- ern states to abolish their deeply- entrenched policy of segregating white and colored school children and to do so with “all deliberate speed."
Integ r a t i o n has proceeded peacefully in m a n y southern areas, but in some sections, in- cluding Little Rock, the process has been marked by violence. in-
Obesity And Skin Diseases
Bv Herman N. Bundesen. M.‘ D.
‘TIME and again I have cued arguments against obesity. Now here’s another one.
It is a recognized fact that obesity promotes a variety . of skin disorders. This is .parhouv larly true where opposing sur- faces of the skin meet. such as the corner of the lips.
Accumulation » of heat and moisture between the folds of the skin naturally can be quite irri- ta’tmg‘ '. p _ IMPAIRS BODY PROC ‘
Obese persons have a thick
radiation. Consequently. lat persons eas— ily. become ovémheated and lend
Excessive sweating. We W!
skin. fit is especially hamnlful most cases of inflammatory skin diseases. . OTHER CONDITIONS 1
It also ‘allfects many lesser known conditions. such as stasis eczema, much downs on the
tensae, which result vfrmnemcesg give stretching of the skin.
At a recent meeting in Chicago of the American Medical Associa- tion's Council on Foods and Nu- trition, Dr. Allan L. Lorincz [re- ported that, company to cominon belief. most common skin- disor- dérs are “not significantly coun- nsct ” with dietary or nutrition- al allergies or deficiencies. . .
Dr. Laminar, who is assistant professor of nonmetaldgyavt the University of (lineage. said that.
lamprislngly. “dietary factors in ‘
acne vulgaris and marine are generally overrated." .
He added, havvever, that mal— nutrition im the form of over- eating—«which leads to obesity;— lvs “by fair llhe most frequently encountered nutritional distur ,- bance that causes or aggravates skin diseases.” ,
So if you are excessively overweight—snore than a few pounds—better out down on your load consumption and. carefully select the kind of food you are eating. - , .
Too much poundag'e is also has] nor your heart and for your Sk‘l. QUESTION AND ANSWER
E. 3.: My baby is five “licks
ion skin. What can be the mat- ter?
Answer: Your baby is probab- ly suffering from jaundice, due to some disorder of the liver, some condition which affects the gall bladder or the bile passage, or some infection or blood dis- ease. .
MAXIMS
Speaking without thinking shooting without taking aim.
\' 1
"monounsmEn
AlDGlIlERS (Reuters) ,— French troops killed 57 Alasdair nation-
in a threedaybauttle‘ at Doualia in‘western Algeria, French mil- itary authorities said Monday. '
limidart-ion of Negroes and legal barriers erected by state author- ities to circumvent the federal Supreme Court ruling} ‘
lf the court now were to agree to a postponement for Little Rock, southern areas still resist- ing integration would take it. as alfinmation of their stand against desegregation mess-ores. ‘
The count thus appears to have no recourse but to rearfifinm its 1954 ruling and order Little Rock
old and has developed a yellow'
. alist rebels and took 32 prisoners ’
NOTES BY THE WAY I
One thing about modern art is that things can be as bed as they are paintedfllrish Digest
In looking for at least one mn- ior cause of the hail; ofi drip; ‘ fine among youngs rs. rnV . gain land we might be Justified in remark upon the extent to which the mother rather than the fathers dominate in the: average North American home—AOalgary Herald .
A sin of childhood accidents reporteddyin the Canadian Meth- cal Associatitn Journal found that the “frequency of accidents in- except in cases of proportion to the elevan of the ternpenabm except incases of poisomn gamd more boys than girls sic-x cidents. Nearly half the mishaps occur between 12 noon and 5' pm. and up to 80 percent. (expeoiallly among the toddlers) are injured while playing at home under the superivision of the mother—N
Bay Nugget ‘ ~ ,
The Yukon is smaller than any of the Provinces, but as big as Ontario. Its wealth pro- duction. already large. will be- come great for in addition to vast mineral resources it 5 has him and grazing lands. forests and immense hydro-electric power po- ten-tiall. Population, though small. is increasing. lt world. make a fine province, and would likely progress faster. by itself then if absorb in BC, for governments in control of huge areas do tend to neglect the hinterlands—Cape Breton Post
OUR YESTERDAYS
(From The Guardian I'll“)
TWENTY-FIVE runs and (Sept. a. 1983).
At the 33rd annual meeting of the P.E.I. Dental Association held in the Legion rooms last evening, a delegation representing the Des
establishing of Provincial Rural Dental Clinics, which the Wom- en’s Institutes have been for some time fostering and for which the Provincial Government
of 31.000.
The I.0.:D.~E. Scholarship for this year has been mred to Mr. E. Benjamin Roms. son of Mir. RH. Rogers. of this oily. ’llhe recipient graduated from Prince of Wales College in 1930, ms mm Dollhoiisic last spring. Mr. Rog- ers will leave: for England the latter part of this month and will! enroll as {student in the Uni- versity of Lbndon, ._
TEN YEARS AGO ~. v (Sept. 3. 1948) A resolution asking the Agri~
Ottawa to give a film price on potatoes to provide the producer with at 'least the 00st of produc- tion was passed at the opening fall meeting of the Summerside Board of Trade last evening. Mr. T.J. Inman of the Agriculture-
’ Omnmittee moved llhe‘resplution, ‘ stating that" indications " wére
that a bumper crop this your sent trend was tows Des. '
. The Provincial Government‘in conjuntioh with the Domlm ‘on Gav ermnent and the Fisheries Rev search Boamd is experimenting in improved methods of in the coastal waters of the province that have not been tried here be- fore. At Rustico, Tlguish and Souris a long lining experiment
was expec- t theme-
integration to proceed;
method.
at its last session made a gum.
culture! Prices. Support Board at».
lower 'pri- ’
with “flying sets" has been ar-v ranged to be run in comparison with the present “under-munning” '
partmenf ‘of Health waited on the ~ , meeting in connection with the
anglers is the am a large trout fmmd . .of old ngeA'm ‘ v
Fol-daily, i . » firstwm
A ancme 5“ d s
lts stoma was . .
lush dense m can.” mslan ~ 3 lapping at ‘
FE. not worn: u
I”? It may In m by limdm’zmmnm in! yourvtbod may”.
{almimun many _4m
- rim is
an at .. ~ 75341—1 June .let to , v hicW‘
summit
Dairy plants which have advised their patron?
of the intention to make a collection coverlnd
will be making this deduction from either fli
August 31 or September 15. settlement.
Farmers who have already paid in cash,
tion should return the blue refusal card with?
which they were supplied for this purpose-.
Prince Edward Island v I
‘ Federation of Agriculture