PLO E FOUR .

THE GUARDIAN

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"The lSflrongest MemTJTyEVIT-‘Wzker Than the Weakest Ink" iifibffiifiiiNfsfsfrilutibds/Iisfilifm

Mr. Priestley's Conclusions

One of tho most popular of literary figures In England is Mr. l. B. Priestley, who is also on outstanding socialist. In a series of articles in The New Statesman and Nation, the organ of the Labor party's left wing, Mr. Priestley con- fesses to a sense of discouragement when he looks at the drab society which socialism has pro- duced in England. Among other things he com- plains at the austerity of the British diet. He is disturbed by the decline of the middle class to which he belongs and points out that middle class people are no longer able to afford partici- pation in such things as musical concerts. "Many middle class parents spend less on themselves than any other section of the community, except the poorest," he writes. "And some of them like books, music and drama; but now they have to watch every shilling. This is having its effect on our life here."

More significant are Mr. Priestley's rumin- ations on the theory of equality between men which underlies the doctrine of the welfare state in England. He says it is difficult for more for- tunate people to understand the grim life of workers in industrial towns in the midlands, with which he is so familiar. But he adds this:

"Nevertheless, the problem of ‘equality’ wor- ties me, l read: ‘The time has come for us as a nation to go further still on the road to equality.’ Fair enough, so far as it goes. But what exactly is this 'equality' towards which we should be travelling? We should recognize, of course, that all human beings feel equally important to themselves, that all persons are persons and never things, that certain basic rights belong to human beings just because they are human beings whether they happen to be'tall,' short, clever, stupid, pink, yellow or black.

"But this positive idea of equality does not take us very far--though we have yet to accept those basic rights-and meanwhile there are signs that the negative idea of equality is having far more influence. This idea seems.to me to be based not on sympathy but on envy, when it is the expression of a twisted mentality, or on a dreary pendantry. When I see it at work I re- member Blake's: ’One Law for the Lion and Ox Is Oppression.’ And there is too much of this oppression about, nowadays.

"There are too many people who say in ef- fect: 'l have no sailing boat, therefore you must have no sailing boat. lif everybody cannot have o grand piano, then nobody should have a grand piano. If my child does not want to learn ballet dancing, why should your child be taught-it? And somewhere at the end of this is an appalling vista of flatness and dreariness, compared with which a society composed of arrogant dukes and servile peasants, mad millionaires and ragged match-sellers, would be a treat.

"Most people in this country take pleasure in varied styles of living and understand in- stinctively that persons are widely different in their natures and demands on life. So they have little sympathy with this equalitarian-Procrustes attitude of mind; but it is, I fancy, common among certain narrow types of politicians and their officials, who dislike personalities richer, deeper or merely more eccentric than their own. And at times, I suspect, they legislate so care- fully for the ox in order to get at and oppress the lion. Wm and l, of course, are lions."

The trouble seems to be that Mr. Priestley, an intellectual socialist, finds that he cannot live happily in the socialist society which he has helped to create. Doubtless he believes that if socialism had acted more wisely it could have created a different kind of society, but somc- how the experiment in England has gone off the rails. This has happened to more experi- ments than one in human history and often lcd to the disillusionment of its architects.

Big Census Year

Thirty-live countries will take a census in 1950, the United States and Canada being fore- most. There are 19 in the western hemisphere, 15 in Europe. The U. S. A. census will cost $75,000,000, twice the sum of the last census; it is the biggest clerical job of all time and iri- volves a personal call, by an enumerator, on ev- ery mansion and shack in American territory. The sum total is 41,000,000 homes, to bo reach- od by 160,000 men and womon.

Canada is expected to show a population of 12,000,000 or better; the United States will show 150,000,000 people, perhaps more. That would be 18,000,000 increase in ten years.

The average citizen will have, in the U.S.A., about 60 questions to answer, including income, wealth and everything ordinarily kept secret. The farmer will have about 60 more than the average, all about crops and stock. The census will thus be a complete economic inventory. The count- ing of, noses is only a relatively small part of tho information Uncle Sam demands. The Can- adian census is elong similar lines and, of courso, ‘tho enumorators will be on the Liberal patronage ist.

Fariiiliig 1400 Years Ago

"Hora is on actual giimpso of a form as it oxistod in tho Sixth Century, showing how far advanced farmers were oven in those distant days. Discoveries near Aaseral in Vest Agdor Provinco are shodding now light on Norwegian rural lifo during tho migratory period, about tho yoor 500. Excavation of on anciont form thoro, which - -~ tour summon ooo, has now boon

lndor tIso diroctioii of Andors Hagen 0|, o . \ _ ont of Archeol- h non Mo for

i

‘I ‘yooivooiid-

ing the farm were tilled with a horse and plow and not mereily grubbed with a hoe. Quantities of wood-ash in the soil show the first rude at- tempts at fertilizing. Fields, outbuildings, and two central dwellings-each capable of housing Z5 persons-have been uncovered, together with over I00 implements and utensils. Some of these were made on a potter's wheel and show ovi- dence of fine workmanship. "A ninety-foot stone formation some 30 feet widc, is nevertheless the most sensational find this year," remarked archeologist Hagen. "lt was surrounded by a stone fence and topped by a sod covering. Under this we found the remains of what must have been ceremonial fires with evidences of burnt bones-either animal or human, we couldn't tell which. At this point we also found a stone axe- head some 2000 years older than the site itself— indicating that this was probably a ceremonial place. The old heads were probably used as some kind of charm," opinioned Prof. Hagen.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Old Home Week closes. Tomorrow, 10th‘ Suiidaly after Trinity.

u .- . Princess Margaret Rose born tomorrow's date

i930.

or w or

The rain, though discouraging and disap- pointing for Exhibition and racing addicts, was greatly welcomed by the farmers, and will do a world of good.

n v o

The Ottawa Journal gives as a reason why many farmers buy tractors that only by doing so can they keep sons on the farm. The eventual result, however, should be larger farms to make use of the tractor economically and eventually a higher standard of living.

a w n.

Wives of highly placed American public men are liable in their ignorance of the ways and wiles of "5 per centers" are likely to become involved in scandals. Mrs. Truman, wife of the President, accepted a present of a refrigerator from General Harry G. Vaughan, her husband's military aide. lt turns out Vaughan got it from a manufacturer's agent as a publicity stunt. It cost between $400. and $500. Now Vaughan's activities are being investigated, and this pres- entation is one of the matters disclosed.

n vi n

Canada 'ofliciolly' discovered this date 1508. As a matter of fact about 1000 A. D. some Norse explorers from Greenland establish- ed in Canada a settlement the situation of which is unknown; but they were soon over- whelmed and their settlement destroyed by In- dians, who remained in undisputed possession until the coming of European explorers late in the 15th. century. John Cabot was first to reach the east coast of Canada in I497, and his son Sebastian afterwards carried out further explor- ations. First European settlements, however, were made by the French; a great part of the country was explored by Corsair Verrazano in 1524, and ten years later Cartier formally annexed the country in the name of the French King.

fi

a o-

Mr. and Mrs. Herbert A. Hover's visit here on their 50,000 mile tour by car is in the red- letter category. Both are in the vicinity of eighty Ye°f$ °l 119e, yet they‘ are carrying on as ener- getically and optimstically as though just on their honeymoon. In spite of their thousands of miles of travel, they have never had an acci- dent, though Mr. Hover considers an average of fifty to sixty miles an hour his usual speed. The best thing about his iourneyings is that they were started when doctors and medicines failed to restore his broken down health, H; needed change and variety to_ prevent him wor- rying himself to death, and he got it by visit- ing new scenes from day to day. Of course it is an expensive way of keeping alive, but the happy pair argue they cannot take their wealth with them, so‘thcy might as well spend ii- to keep alive by driving.

v. o-

Baby bonuses have passed their fourth an- niversary and, says the Windsor Star, Ottawa re- ports no indication they have resulted in larger families. There was an increase in the birth rate the year following adoption of the plan, but this was due to the post-war surge of marriages, and to the reunion of husbands and wives separated by war. Family allowances weren't designed to increase the size of families. Authorities knew that when the act w:nt into force. They had before them experience of other countries which had a similar system, and this showed more children per family would not be the result. Pur- pose of the family allowance was to improve can- ditions, in nutrition, education and clothing, for children that are born-especially in the less for- tunate economic groups.

f: s w

Has Norway anything on us,as a disease free area? Commenting on re:ent Scandinavian tuberculosis statistics in the Oslo daily "Atten- posten", Prof. A. J. Brandt, rector of the Nor- wegian Veterinary Institute, reveals that on tho basisfof his studies covering the whole of Nor- way during recent years, bovine type tuber- culosis in humans appears to be all but eradicat- ed. This particular type, which is held to ho transmitted through the unpasteurized milk of tubercular cattle has been identified in only four of the 3000 cases of tuberculosis in humans which Dr. Brandthas on record. In three of those cases, it is noted that the patient has livod abroad for extended periods and has probably contracted the disease outside Norway. Tho tuberculosis report, appearing in tho current is- suo of the medical journal "Nordisk Modicin", notes that Finland too has succeeded in orodicat- ing tho bovine type of this disease. Swodon ro- porto that whilo there are still a number of casos, tlioiy are decreasing rapidly and that it will only Iro a quostion of time before bovine tulrorculosis is wipod out tlioro as woll. A natural onquiry Is- Iiovo wo any liovino typo of TJ. horo and, if so, why? “'“"

_ rue GUARDIAN

, CHARLU'I"I‘E'I‘UWN m llat wiii Look ‘Elegant oii Mania. on ruin Ilwls 8M8

0 Old Ch arloflelown

‘Lad P. IL I

DAVID BTEWARTS JOURNAL

Continuation from last Saturday of the journal of David Stewart, Esq., recording his visit to Prince Edward Island in 1831 in connec- tion with the affairs of his estate. The last excerpt, dealt with his in- lEYVIPW will! his tenants on Lat 27.

“Tuesdfly. June 28th. We now taok our departure for Bedeque in order to see the land which the McDonalds Rettland wished to give me ln exchange for the 500 acres of our land which they ac- CUPY. I rode nearly twenty miles to meet them and to see the land. Cllfifn. Stmvnrc snd Lawson svent with me until we came to a bro- ken bridge across an arm of the 59B- TlWY could 2a no further. One of my trusty tenants whose horse I riaw rode went. with me over this vile bridge and Thea- philus Stewart. but he could not keep up with McInnls and I and he followed us.

"I went to the two relatives of McDonalds' houses and to see the land offered, but they had not

been there; their relatives are McDanalds also. I left a message with them for the McDonald:

Rettland and returned to Bedeque on certainly one of the best going horibs I ever rode. I here found Lawson at the house of Mr. Gar- diner. Cuptn. Stewart was gone somewhere else to lodge. We slept here, that is Lawson, Theophllus Stewart nnd myself and my trusty McInnls. Got up next morning at 5 o'clock.

"June 29th. Wednesday. This is "H? "f the most beautiful morn- lugs I ever saw: the country here is exceedingly beautiful. soft and well wooded: much of it however is clear and well cultivated. We wnltcd for Captn. Stewnrt,—he did not iirrlve till 9 o'clock, During that time I strolled through the woods and saw n vast variety of wild plants and flowers rind a sari of dwarf ycw crawling nll aver the around and nowhere more than n few inches high. I nlsa saw n very grout vnrlciy of ferns and n grcni variety nf forest trees.

"At last the Captn. came grid we set out on our return, being now a long wny from Charlotte- town which we must rcncli bv night. I dismissed my trusty

fit to conduct any case in my opinion. I spent the day in try- ln! l0 get. my titles put to rights, but without success. In the eve- ning I fried ta settle between Law- san and the Captain but. found it impossible,

“Met McCormac here who I had seen on my first nrrivnl here; met Mr. Philips, son of Judge Philips: he is a barrister nnd was employ- ed by Cnptn. Stewart; had some conversation with hlm relative to the suit now pending between Captn. Stewart and Lawson.—he was dissatisfied with Theophllus Stewart.

"Ist July, Friday. This is n most beautiful morning. Ther- mometer 78° in my beclroarp. The Court still sits. Cannot see either Captn. Stewart or Lawson nor (lo any business whatever in my awn affairs.

"Mr. Worrell, Mr. Palmer, Mr. Goff the Sheriff, Mr. Owen, Mr. McDonald, Tracadie. Mr, McDan- aid, Three Rivers, Mr. Hudson the Attorney General, Mr. I-Iavilunci. Mr. Llewellin and Mr. Forgan. agent. to Lard Selkirk, culled upon me in succession. I sriw them all

‘FROM “THE COMFORTERS"

Until thy feet have trad the Rood Advise not wayside folk. Nor fill thy back has borne the Load Break it upon the broke.

Chase not with undesired lsrgesse Of sympathy the heart Which. knowing her own bitterness. PjQ5u|mES oa dwell apart.

Employ not that glad hand so raise The God-forgotten head _ To Heaven and all ihe neisiibfllfs

gaze- Cover thy mouth Instead.

The quivering chin. the bitten lip. The cold arid sweating brcisv. Later may yearn for fellowshlP-

and with some of them discussed the merits of some of the new Acts of the Assembly which we thought would be lniurlous to the landed proprietors. We Btflefllll)’ agreed upon the subject nnd np- pointed to meet again tomorrow to discuss these matters further."

Kashmir

(Winnipeg Frco Pressr

Few problems have given the United Nations so much trouble as the dispute ovcr Kashmir be- tween India nnd Pakistan. Endless meetings of the Security Council have been spent on this contro- versy, i-ven though everyone knew the United Nations could ria little about it. Al long lust the two sides were brought together in cilrcct negotiations. and the prob- lem seemed an the way to a so- lution. But n new issue, relating not to frontiers but ta the pro- perty of refugees, hns now nrisen to disturb relations between India and Pakistan.

In January it was agreed that the Hindu and Moslem refugees who fled from fhclr districts nt the time of partition stiniilrl ho compensated for fhclr nbnnrinncd property. Last month nnnthcr con- ference was held to complete tho details by which the methods of compensation were to be governed. It resulted in failure. A new quar- rol brake out between Indin and Pakistan which menace: the gains

guldc McInnls nnd his famous pony. exacting a promise from him that he would keep the horse far me which I am sure he will do. "We now returned through a most beautiful country, part clear- ed nnd part. opening to the sen over extensive valleys. We repair- sed Lot 27 again and I settled with some squatters, Irishman. and met some of the Mclnnlo’ who expected me and came to show the bounds of our land and the squatters’. We stopped as short a time no we could, the Captain having noted our time in the morning. "We now come to Lots 28. 29. M: this lust Lot I have purchased or agreed to purchno or at least oil that lo unsold. It. lo hilly but will answer my purpose no it is high ground. We then traversed Lot 31. I wish to have this if I could. We now come to Lot 32. ll disputed Lot.~rind after is hard day's ride reached tho Town nt dark. Got some refreshment nncl went to bed. I urn now much bet- ter: the burnt brandy and suezrir saved me under God's blessing, but I um thin no l hurdle. The day was hot but we hod tho bone- flt of ohodo. Thormomotor N’. ‘Thursday, 30th Juno, The Court alto this wool: and poor Captn. Btevriu-t and his morn Theo- phliuo are so ennui! thoo I con- not got to opook to ttiom. I om

riotloflod fhoy oro no match for umoii; indeed ‘lfhooohlluo lo not

that have already been made. Each side ncusios the other of bad faith and of violating the January agreement.

not now, you ass. not. now!

Time. not. thy 119'” no timely speech. Life. not my views thereon. Shall furnish or deny to each His consolation.

'—R.udyard Kipling.

tian has fallen into the hands of strangers who are using it for their own advantage. While 111° two governments wranBlB lllllefly» the. properly which lsbsferislblc muse of the dispute is faIIlnB steadily In value.

Thlg exhibition of the volatile temper in which negotiations be- tween India and Pakistan are con- ducted, is an illustration of how (“mum y; i; for Western nation! to understand the worklnfll 0f Indian politics and of how barren their intervention is likely ta be-

In the West, it is fair to any» the attempt would have k118i: made lung before this to W01‘ 0 some solution. ll only 0" ll "ugh nnd ready busts. The P801“? "l 1"‘ din and Pakistan i-re enflflzed 0" f‘ more exquisige pnlculation: they seek to bnlnnce the Bren!" 1°“ in Mosicm lives migninst the dam- nize la Hindu properly Wlle" Pa" tlllon was enforced. It should sur- prise I10 one that n calculation of uni klflfI I185 yielded 1:10 vgoerrelxlfeg resulf. Its one result as d bad spasm of recriminatlon an

Qgysiper. #—~—"-'_""__-__' i-usisru. neafonssiiire. ma1ond—

__ , 13. has Won hgowprigeedel-n EIIVOBIQ: lflmlll"! ‘VETM

Meanwhile the property in ques-

IIYIIIIIMII 8i

Offlooo: Ohorlotootown

l. IILLlY-Ioprooontottvo It (Theory

rrs coon comer

to be adequately Insured. ‘ll lfneo of Insurance effected.

lsuuronco Slnoo 1878

Our experience of over three qunrtioro of o century. on ‘Isl- Iurouoo Underwriters, lo n your illopooof,

ALLISON P, lloLlAN-Dlotrfoo Manager oo lunmoroldo OYIU! A. I». SHAW-District Manager no Montague

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at gycnikhflnfls snd show!-

00. LIMITED

Uurnorohlo —' Montoguo

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AUGUST 20. 1949

The earliest record of a Past Office Charlottetown is 1T8‘! hut from t en on to 1883 all records were lost ln a fire which destroy- ed the building. Nevertheless, the following historical events have come to light: