PEACE on wan?

(From Wilmer‘: European Times)-

Although the fall of Kars is now. placed beyond doubt. the intelligence Wlllcll INN been received of another victory gaine ovcr the Russians liy Ontar I’aclia at Klioiti, a considerable town of Georgia, about twenty miles from Kutuis, atones to some slight extent for tlte disaster. Some time must elapse before the details of this victory can come to hand; and intlie incaii- time it is hoped that the Turkish Generalis- sinio will possess himself during the present campaign of Kntais, which is the capital of Imeritia.

The details of the fall of Kars catitiot be read without agony. \Ve learn that when the place surrendered tlte garrison consist- ed of S000 brave and tletermitied men, who were literally starred into stibtni.-tsion. It scents that when, oti the I-lth of Novem- ber, the Russian General stiiniiiom.-d the place to surrentler, it council of war was held ttiider the presidency of (ieiieral \Vil- liatns, it delay of teit days was deniandcd and conceded, in order to send Colonel Tltoiiisoit to lflrzeroiiin, for it was lielievetl that N-liin l’itcli:i, with Ill,0'tl0 men, was marching to the. relief of Kai-s. llc found however, that Selim Pnclia had not left Erzeroum, and that sni.:w had closed the roads. On the ‘,3<lll| of November Colonel Thomson had an interview with General Mourrtvielf, and obtained what is called an “honourable capitulettion;” but the garri- son are now prisoners of war, together with the gallant General VVilliatns and nine Pachas. If Omar I’aelia can secure Ku- tais, in which it is said there are only l0,000 Russians, it will cotmterhalance the loss of Kars; but the moment tlitit General Mou- ravielfhatl secured the prize for which he had so long and laboriotisly struggled, he despatched it portion of his army against Omsr Pacha.

We are now in a position tojudge of the nature of the convention which has been formed between the Western Powers and Sweden and Norway. The Scandinavian kingdoms engage that they will not cede any portion of their territory to Russia, and the Western Powers, on their parts, guarantee to those kingdoms their present boundaries, the object of which is to pre- vent Russia from obtaining possession of the large and important island of Uothlsnd. This treaty is important because it secures the integrity of the Swedish territory, and foils the great object of Russian ambition, that of obtaining possession of the Bay of Varangar, by which she would have an Atlantic port open the whole year, and might become, in the course of time, is formidable naval power. We can readily conceive that this treaty has produced con- siderablevuneasiness at St. Petersburg, for nothing has occurred since the commence- ment of hostilities which is tnore fatsl to those projects of aggression and absorption which have constituted the policy of the Czars since the time of Peter the Great. This treaty declares emphatically, “ Thus far shalt thou go and no furtlierl”

It is now certain that Prince Eittei-hazy, the Austrian diplomatist, has left Vienna for St. Petersburg, the bearer of proposi- tions of peace, suggested by Austria, and assented to by France and England. The Prince left on Sunday, and fourteen clear days are to be allowed for consideration. The intelligence from the Austrian capital verifies what we stated exclusively at the time, that the propositions were made by the Austrian government to the VVestern Powers, and that they were more readily entertained by our French ally than by our own cabinet. The time which has elapsed since we first made the announcement—this day three weeks—has been passed in cor- respondence arising out of certain modifica- tions of the original terms, and these terms agreed upon by the three Powers Prince Esterhazy has now taken to St. Poten- burg. There will be no war of words respecting them, for tho ultimatum is, that they are to be unconditionally accepted or rcjccted—a determination which will speedi- ly let us know the worst or the best. These terms are in subitancc what we stated them to be in our lsst,—namely, that neither Russia nor any other power shall maintain

s that in the Black Scs,—that Russia shsllj

HASZAR.D’S GAZETTE, JANUARY 15.

give up her claim to is protectorate and right of interference in the Turkish domi- nions,—tliat she shall surrender so much of the territory of Bcssurabiu as is necessary to render free the navigation oftlie Danube; and finally, that she shall itot rebuild the fortress of Botnarsund in the Baltic. These terms, if agreed to, would meet all the requirements of the war; but it is very doubtful wltctlicr Russia is yet nulli- cicntly humbled to accept them. It is added that in the event of their rejection, Austria will cut oil‘ all diplomatic inter- course with Russia; liut she has not pledged herself to the extreme step—-to take the field. It is stated, however. tltiit the recent successes oftlie allies in the Crimea have detached Saxony, Bavaria, and sotne of the small Gerinait States li-otn the Prussian party in ‘the Gt-rtn;-_ti Band, and that as these States are new (Ii.-iposotl to favour the \\'cstci-ii Potvt-rs, Aiisti-iit littds lit-i'scll'iti a stronger and better position to act independ- ently than she has been since the com-s iiicncemcnt oftlie war. \\'ltatever may he the t-lliect of Prince Esterltazy’s llllsslttll, it is ct-rtain that it will not retard in the least the preparations which are now going on for the ensuing campaign in the Baltic and the Black Sea. The publication of the spirit of the convention between Sweden and the VVest'ern Powers appears to confirm the statcinetit which a morning contempo- rary rttade some time ago, to the effect that there was no provision in it for Sweden assisting us next year in the Baltic. But should the war last another year or two, this will, no doubt, be its inevitable effect.

LETTER FROM A RUSSIAN Noiit.t~:mtN.

The folloing is an extract from it private letter from a Russian nobleman attached to the court oftlie Emperor Alexander, to it relative in Paris ;—“ We siifli-.r greatly frotn the war,and everybody desires peace —everybody. But in spite of our sufferings we would not consent to a peace dislionourable to Russia, nor to one which should diminish her power in any respect. Even those who opposed the war at the beginning, and were loud- est in their complaints of Mentsc|iik&ti', now say the satiie thing. laugh at the grotesque idea of our Cabi- net allowing itsclf to be influenced by the ‘moral weight’ of the German powers be- ing thrown into the scale of the Allies— ati idea which was started by the French Emperor, and which is insisted on by his newspapers. The ‘moral weight’ oftlie German powers! They have none! their moral power had counted for any- thing in our eyes we should never have gone to war, for Austria and Prussia and all the German powers employed their ‘naval power’ to prevent us. But our old Chancellor Nesselrode thinks it politic to be civil to the said powers; and so our Emperor will probably return autograph replies to the letters he has received from tliem—but those letters will say nothing. . . We are all pleased to see how firm the Czar remains in the midst of the disasters that have befallen us. He even beheld ,the ruins of Sebastopol without any real discouragement. . . . Peace is not seriously thought of here, and all that is said about it in England, France, and Germany is silly. I doubt even if there will any negotiations, but if there be, depend upon it that they will be an dertaken on our part merely to gain some secondary object—not at all for peace.”

0

- --i

Loss or LIFE A1‘ .\‘s.t.—By the Peninsular sml Oriental Cotnpany’s steam-ship Avs, srrivcd st Southampton, we receive intelligence of the total log; of the Spsnish brig Brsvo, Dsniel Miiurv. insster. The unfortunate vessel was bound from Bsrcslous for Havana, with s csrgo of wine,..,ap,papor. c.,siid there were l' e- wiss on board 45 passengers. The melancholy cventocrurcd on the night of the 10th instant

(during which the weather was unusually bolster oils and stormy).upon the beach to the eastward of Gibralter Rock, nesr 'I‘orro Usrbonets. Full psrticulsrs of the wreck have not yet been receiv- cd, but it is known that out of the 45 persons on bosrd, 22 were drowned, including seven women.

more silent then formerly, and often bears on his countenance art expression of sad-

cliartictrr describe this expression as by

or despair, but rather like many of his ex-

senting to his mind the desirableness of his desisting from the conflict.”

junction with Sweden and Denmark, could dis-

since _ and enemies kt‘-NV thstit fires well. expedition to ilis Baltic is tlicreforc not im-

possible. _ vessels, amt our soldiers will tind at Croiistadt

another _iiitlakhofl'.” of var embarked at Portsmouth, on the

and men, on board the fins steam ship Queen of the South.

‘rill: nu-anon ALEXANDER. The Berlin correspondent of the Times I

in a.|ettcr dated 16th instant, says :-. “Froni it letter from St. Petersburg,I learn l"’°°l'°‘l "'3' d“Y- “ "W WPPIY "T the above. Not. that since the Emperor's return from Nic- olaieffa very noticeable change is describ- ed as being observable in him, even to those not intimately introduced itito the court circle. ' ly demonstrative person, or very lively in his coiniiiiiiiicatioiis, nor has he ever concealed his prclereiice of peace.

He was never a particular-

Of ate it is remarked that he has beconie

ness. Those who are intimate with his

no means resulting from faintheartedness

prcssions on his jotiritey, and to persons in his conlitlerice since his return, as the srflex of deep regret at the immense sac- rifices and privations which the present wa'r is causing at his hand. It is not so iiiticlt the loss of men that it is deplored as the cuoriiious districts of hall‘-cultivated terri- tory which are thus deprived for many years to come of the hands to till and the arms to tlivesli. Russia in the country of raw material, and ifshe cannot raise and consume, or dispose of this, she falls into a state approaching financial starva- tion. The Emperor’s lust journey has brought this reflcetion very much home to his mind. and, touched as he has often been to tears at the willingness of self- sacrificc sliowit by his subjects, he has not been able to shut his eyes to the fact that the means will soon fuil them, even if the willingness lasts. The Itussian army has had still more enormous losses than the reports which reach the West confess, and the most daring fancy imagine. For these losses the Russians endeavour to console themselves with the reflection, that the English army-—tlie first one, the real one—liss been destroy- ed too. That the Emperor is himsclfsin- ccrcly desirous of peace cannot be de- nied, any more than that his mother and his consort leave no opportunity of pre-

A BALTIC CAIPAIGN.

The Silicle anticipates is future campaign in the Baltic provinces, snd sfter having enume- rated the forces possessed by Russia in these regions, which it values at 200,000 men, thus marshals the armies which the allies, in con-

ose of if necessary :—“Admitting that Swe-

en was to furnish 70,000 men and Denmark 30,000, the Western Powers would have to fumish 100,000 men, or 70,000 French, and 20,- 000, English. France could even increase her contingent if the military organisation of our neighbour were not to permit them to complete theirs for our country possesses s militsty strength really formidable. Thus is constitu- ted the Frencharmy:—-Infantr of the line, 328 battalions ; light infantry (ri cs), 30 ditto ; ur- tillory, 248 companies; siege train, 20 ditto; engineers. 54 ditto; suppers, ll ditto—csvslry, 373 squadrons : gcndarmcs and firemen of Paris I19 squadrons or com nnies ; vctrans of all arms, 17 companies. t is not it question here of sn improvised force. At the advent of the government of the, 2nd of December, the st-my was composed of 327 battalions ofinlantry, 313 squadrons of cavalry, and 240 companies of artillery. It has thus only been augmented by 30 battalions of infantry and G0 squadrons of cavalry. Without any odsnce we may ss

3 that this great army has been organised under D

the costitutionnl reginie, and had found in Algeria the traditions of victory. ‘I like to hour the roar of cannon in Algiers,’ said Louis Philli e, ‘Europe does not hear it.’ Euro ehas liesrd this African cannon, and risnds A great

l~'.nglsnd will pay tier alliance in

1): .:ts of various regiments at the scat

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every (I

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