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,0fRural

The following was the paper de- livered by Dr. J. '1‘. Orotssu, Ph.D., Pmfaor of sociology and moon- omics at St. Dunsha.n's University and Prince or Wales College. It the rural II-lly at at. Peter's yesterday:

"Dr. Murphy’; paper has. I be- lieve, shown that the theory of adult edumtion is logical, that the need for it is imperative, that the , re- sponge of the people to it has been remarkable. and that its future looks hopeful

“There is no need of my SPEN- ing any more time on this. But if there are some in this audience ' (and I am sure there are) who are

ity at sf/udy c‘.u'bs, or who are au- tagonistic to the aims and pur- poses of the whole movement, I hope, this afternoon, to set forth our case for adult education. For, as we conceive adult education. it is not a vague pastime. designed to occupy the leisure or winter months; but it is a concrete pro- gram of social action focused to- wards the ecuomic and social bet- terment of the common man. “But adult education differs from others programs of social reform in that we do not attempt to tell - anyone what to do. or what we will do if We are elected to oﬂice. We do not advocate leaving things in the hands of "experts" as do our C.C.I<‘. friends .’ or example. We have faith that .the people themseives have the intellectual ability and the economic strength to solve their own problems once they decide to grapple with them in an honest and wholehearted way. This is the simple faith in democracy—the faith that as equa's we can chose and determine our own destinies. "But enough of this theory!

CARI: LAEMMLE presents EDNA FERBER'S

(VERSION OF i936)

IRENEWGUNNE A LLA N IO N E S Charles WINNIN GER

PAUL ROBESON, HELEN lViQRC§AN, _HELl;3N, WESTLEY

ADDED I BARNEY GOOGLE CAR'l"OON

3 snows DAILY ~A --

3.oo—7.oo—9.oo r. M. ‘ ssrurmav lilA'l‘lNl-IE s 2.30 P.M ‘

It is concerned, above all, with the practical prob‘ems of practical men and women. And to show the practical nece:sity of this program. let me review a trend that is all 000 clear to students of rural econ- omic life.

“We can see this trend more clearly in the United states, so first let me refer to conditions there. In the early days of that country every man owned his own farm. He made almost everything that he used on the farm and he bought very little from outside. He worked very hard, no dovlbtz and he lacked many on‘ the refinements of the pre.'ent day. But he had at least this: He was free and inde- pendent; and, provided that he and his family worked hard, he was assured of full and pienty— suﬂicient food, clothing and shelt- er. It was a life consonant with the dignity of human beings. Farm- ing was a profession. and a digni- ned one——as it still is.

A Dangerous Rural Trend

"But as the years went on,‘ there was a great expansion in the in- >—- _ s . ~ venticn and use of machinery. And

‘ ' with this a dangei-ous—a suicidal-

COMEDY _. ‘.~"BitA1N "BUsfr:ns" max & RINTY _- CHAPTER 9

I'ODAY .- FRIDAY.-, SATURDAY min 3.00 r. M. , SATURDAY ‘MATINEE - 2% P. M. -

trend became manifest in rural life. Little by little. the farmer began to lose his wealth. The combina- tion Of selling at wholesale and buying at retai1—and that. in a nutshell. is the situation in which the farmer finds himse‘,i’—4was con- tinually draining the rural areas of the.surplu.s that the former had won from the earth with his unre- mitting toil. And what has been the result? _ "In 1860, when the trend had al- ready set in. 25 per‘ cent of the farms of the United states were clperaied by tenants. By 1930 ten- ancy had increased until 42 per cent of the farms of the United States were worked by others than their owners. And today in that country you have the situation where in a rich. fertile. farming state like lowa, over 50 per cent of the farms are run by tenants. Prob- ably the most extreme case is Mis- sissippi. where over 70 per cent of the famrs are operated by men who do not own the land they work,

"But, you may say, "I'hs.t is the situation in the United States. How does that concern us in Prince Ed- ward Island?’ Well, the same trend has been at work here; only you have been losing people, not lands. You know the story better than 1- how the populaiion of ,the Island dmpped from 100,000 in 1891 to 88,- 000 in 1931. Then too, farms have been lost or aibandoned; and the towns have been cluttered up with farmers who could not make fann- ing pay. I do not need to remind you that last winter about one- filth of the population of Char- lottetown was on relief.

"Thug people are ‘no good’ you may say. But that is not true. When you see honmt, hard-working farmers losing their proper'ty-—6ce- ing it vanish before their eyes- through no fault of their own.

MllE-A-MINUTE ACTION ‘A u..HA|R-TRIGGER DRAMA!

The I-lord-Rldin', Straight-Shootln’ Western Ace in the Saddle Again

— moo -'.- us

Evening

‘sin-nan-ca'_ g " _ ...__.s.._‘ _ , my .too¢od'four ,,

than sens:-~

fTi‘u9k8 and Cars

!C:use And. Solution

not yet convinced of the desirabil-

Adult education is a practical thing. '

Problems

Discussed -At . Rally .

ritet. But if the om-ioiilttirsl cit- uation should improve, a not in- probable result would be the Isle of a great many more flﬂlll. Andl the worst partol it is that after 5, form is lost, the Prince Edward 13-, land farmer is much worse off: than his United states neighbor:= In the United states the farmer who has lost his farm frequently has. at least. the doubtful’ prlvil- ' ege of running the farm for the 111- --

Iuiey eannotbgaold—-thercllno’ ,m3

has sold him out- At least he has . some food and a roof over hie head. But in Prince Edward Island the farmer is sold out “low. stock and barrel" and is '..,.S, destitute and mint either drift to the town. or work as a farm laborer; in either case work is not plentiful.

“A few years ago there was an- other choice——he could emigrate -to the States. where he could enjoy the pleasures of running an ele- vator or of clﬂifmc ice. I have seen the homes of Prince Edward Islanders around Boston: some. of course. are comfortable; but oth- ers. living in hot. noisy, stuffy tenements, must look with longing to life on these fertile lands. We all know the true story now: We no longer envy those who went to Boston. The lucky ones were those who stayed on the farm in Prince Edward Island. But wheth- er you agree with me here. or not. the fact is that there are no more opportunities around Boston. We simply must dig in and make the best of things right here in Prince Edward Island. This applies par- ticularly to the young people.

An Attitude of Distrust

“I said before that farming was a profession—-a dignified calling. But in i-ra.ve'.-ing through the country one cannot help but db- serve things that might be describ- ed by the word “unchristian." one sees. for instance. an attitude of distrust and suspicion. not 0:,‘ the stranger, but of neighbors and as- sociates. Sharp practices, and even dishonest practice, are not un- known—~gr-ading potatoes wrongly. “salting the sheep" or similar tricks.

“And we hear talk of buildingup herds. Well. why do we not see more enterprising farmers buying 1:-urclbred bulls and making them available for use in the whole com- munity—at a price, of course? Simply because farmers have learn- ed from experience that it is next to impossible to co‘1cct any money from their neighbors for servica of this kind And so you have a con- dition where farmers, owing money to the merchants and to each other, are coming to mistrust one another. And the condition of harmony and security which should naturally ex- ist in a land as beautiful as Pnnoe Edward Island is giving way to a condition of suspicion and di:cord.

Price Spread

“But I do not want'to give the impression that I am trying to pace the blame for this situaﬁon entirely upon the people. let me try to explain how this came about. whenever a .'armer buys anything, he has to pay a profit or a salary to as many people as handle it. Inf it passes through many middlemen, the farmers’ costs are accordingly increased. With certain articles as much as fifty cents of the farmer's doll: is paid to transportation and

c0ml..iS ion men, holesnlers and re-

tailers. In such a case, an article that may have cost fifty oenlg tn produce would cost the farmer one doidar. Of course the 5-pregd may not be that great, but there oer- minly is a spread. And remember. when the farmer pays for these grﬁ.

cles the largest share of that profit

15 dflilned from the country to the large cities—MontreIl. New York, or similar places. Look at the com. m0<ﬂl’-185 You buy and see if what I say is not true—fer-tilizers. certain feeds. automobile, on and 53.50. line. etc. Or when you use your bank. or make a purchase in the five and tent cent store in Char. lottewwn, or send away to Baton’; ——is there not a draining of gun, away from the rural districts? I NOW. you have to my cash for‘

most of these things. And even in

normal times it is diinoult to get 830118}! Oﬁﬂh lmether to make both

ends meet. But when farm prices

GNP. as they have in recent years,

and the prices of the things you have to purchase drop very llttie, if at all—and an excellent tion of this is found in the agri- cultural implernen field. when the -‘Price of farm machinery has con.

illustra-

tinually increased—it is no wonder that farmers have to mortgage ‘M11’ property. that they cannot

my the ..toi-ckeeper. and that many

are almost ready to give up hope. Fa.-mar combines the solution

"But is the situation hopeless? We do not think II. It is difficult

“BONE. Ire identicol. lliimectlve 01 ‘h°|1'.N1lI'|oIn alilliations. And "'9 ﬁcﬂllturu or. full of similar quotations: nu-

situation llﬁd. HO nut natural

-otharlin

-rm is an an «ulna adult movelnoahwcstutwith ::°¢W¢v°| I noon‘ at

surance company or the bank who _

u .

r--ms amino-rm . ,. ' . . T

4 .»J

Ylhen "They" Step at Gharlottatownl August 18- 9-20 8: Z|$f- 0

Here Are the Classes Boys!

Classes to Suit Every Horse With Pretensions . To Speed or Racing Class

” For many years the Provincial Exhibition Races at Charlottetown have attracted the but stables in the Maritimes, and Charlottetown is now looked upon as the Horsemen’: favourite Camping Ground. Here a friendly hand and friendly greeting is given each and every Horse- I man. A fast track kept liberally sprinkled wit.h.wat.er, and perfectly cared for given owner and driver a chance to see his horse show at its best form. A wide, safe, track, good stabling. crowded Grand Stands generous with applause, money paid at the wire, prizes for leading drivers, winning owners, drivers and grooms of fastest horses trotting and pacing and prizes for breaking track record trotting and pacing are features that appeal to Canadian Horsemen. and cause the Provincial Exhibition to be one of the most talked of in Canada. With the wealth of racing material now in the Maritimes there is no question but that this 1036 program will attract a great Entry List. So sure is the management that extra stalls are being built. to accommodate them. You will note that there is one day’s extra racing this year—FrldIy, Aug- ust 21st. In addition to the Program as advertised on this sheet another race will be given, in all probability it will be a second section of the 2.24 pace. Two or more dash races of one mile heats will be additional features. Great preparations are being made for this year’: fair. Thousands of. dollars are being spent in improvements to grounds, and the finest Vaudeville Features procurable together with a brilliant horse show at night and most spectacular Fire- works will cause this Provincial Exhibition to go down in history as the greatest of them all. Horsemen will be well advised to post in their Entries immediately and take a week oil’, visit Charlottetown and enjoy themselves.

SHAIILDTTETOWII, PRIHDE EDWARD ISLAIID “The Kentucky of Canada" Charlottetown Driving Park & Provincial Exhibition RACING DATES TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY and FRIDAY, .. August 18th, 19th, 20 th and 21st,.1936' _ (A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL TROTTING ASSOCIATION)’ ‘

1. FREE FOR ALL TROT AND PACE . .. PURSE $500.00 2. 2.12 TROT AND PACE-3 seconds allowed trotters PURSE $400.00 3. 2.15 TROT AND PACE—3 seconds allowed trotters PURSE $400.00 4. 2.18 TROT AND PACE ....................‘......PURSE$400.00

'5. 2.21 TROT AND PACE 6. 2.24 PACE

. (For pacers who have not taken a record of 2.14 or better in arace.) 7. 2.15 , 8. 2.18 TROT..................-....................PURSE$400.00 . 9. 2.25 TROT Maritime Bred (Open to Trotters who have PURSE $350.00

not taken a record of 2.15 or better in a race. V 2 YEAR OLD TROT AND PA CE, Maritime Bred .. PURSE $200.00 3 YEAR‘ OLD TROT AND PACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PURSE $250.00

' 3 Year Old: must be owned and stahled in the Maritime! Prior to May 15, 1880 NOTE :-There being no ch-es for not record trotterc, 3 seconds allowance is given In Claus No.1 I and 3.

SPECIAL PRIZES FOR DRIVERS AND OWNERS .

i—|i-I '1"?

A special ribbon will be given to the owner of the winning hone in each race. and 810,00 to the driver winning the most polnlc during the meeting. 810.00 to the driver winning the second most polntc during the loot. Hui place counts five points, second place three points. third place two points and fourth place one point. 810.00 will In given the winning driver in each race. " "

810.00 will be l1V8n “I6 i|l‘|VDr_ driving the fullest heat trotted during the meet and 810.00 to the ilrlvor drlvint the fastest heat paced during the meet. .

Ten Dollars will be given the Caretaker of the hurls trotting the fastest heat and Ten Dollars to the caretaker bf the hone pacing the fastest. heat. ’

Five Dollars will be given to the caretaker of each horse winning a race in the treating and pacing cluuu ‘ ‘; the meet. »

Fifty Dollars will be given to the owner of the bone that beats track pacing record of 1.05% has nos except an provided for below. Fifty Dollars to the owner of the bone that beats the track trotting record of H086 In | Pool except as provided for below. in one two horses beat the above records than the awards ‘go to the. fastest lm-Ia If two hone: tie for the awards the money will be divided equally.

Entries close Aunt Iii: with J, W. BOULTER. Secretary. cnsnnorrsrown, P.l.l.

GENERAL CONDITIONS Adam I M of i am‘ ‘ on an an a uni ownonhl may it (Am. moss mu: nuns) :34.“ .21 ..,, “.1... .,°,':,, “mm. ,.,“:,,, ,: ;.,,=&,, an en xenon enhl . am The ﬁlharlottte‘ an Bane Track is now one of the faat- ‘gum, mu“ 3., ,,,..,n,.,::.“.,, “:1 0" a cut. beat I! on cared for racks. and surely the moat ' beautifully mug of any in the Maritime Provinces. A . I great deal of effort will be made to keep It in apple pie, 15"’ °“‘"°' °' ll“ “'39 '""‘°''hlP “'33 "'3" "1 '3“ order. all through the period befole the races and durlng‘”"’° ""5 ’“‘''‘“''U '3'‘ "ll 5% 5 N“ W "0" '35‘! the race: so that no.hm-so will become unsound or suffer I u” """" """'|' ‘'‘° 'W'‘’'‘' W “N 1'43“- injury and.to enable them to make fast time. I " V " ' " ‘ -om «mm. .. ...... mu.-m. .. . .. .:':..:.':.':-:,.v.":-.:+.:*:-..'.:.::".;: -....-i - °--' '- 1‘.§.°“'."l.u'."...""“.‘ .'2'u'i"..§"i'.."".'..°a "«§'.‘l'..""‘ "' °' "‘°" ' va me o In": ten - _ fen-ed to the ground without out to them. also -::y‘.,...,:,"'"'m" '"'°" °" N’ T‘ A‘ "”"°’ """""‘ °""“' without cost to them. Every effort will be mails to make ' the horsemen‘: stay pleasant and send them away feeling’ that they have been well treated.

The sxaalucn an-oeuuau auhauo no nuounmny J .Ior-nrsocldentordsnne-u-nypemnorproyctydm 1611:‘ this nicotine. and this lldenlandlag In part or can

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