DECEMBER 31, 1932

toiismucnvr‘ ilEVEiilPiiENl m ultslncii

Etlorts Were Made by Farmers Generally To Improve Their

Foundation Stock. Interest Was Keen, States Mr. W. R. Shaw, Live Stock Superintendent

The year 1932 will go down in history as'a year or low values in the livestock industry. The market prices oi hogs, lambs, beef, for ehlry cattle and inlproved stock, as well as for by-products have steadily occupied low levels, never- theless, strange as it may seem. few years have been marked by such constructive development 1n all de- partments of livestock work.

Exhibitions, which are to some extent the barometer of livestock progress, indicated a keener inter- est in improvement than for many ‘years past. Not only were there a , ‘ number of exhibitors at all Provincial Fairs, but ‘animals were

‘ibited in better fit and exhibit- ors seemed to have given‘ greater consideration to the selection and training of their charges. In addit- ion there was in evidence a large measure of spectator interest than in former years.

Cattle

The cattle industry. which is the moat important branch of livestock production, registered a substantial advance. Particularly was this so among the Junior farmers. Calf Clubs proved a. popular and effect- ive means to this end. Twelve clubs were organized during the year. bringing the total in operation up u, eighteen. In the great majority of cases registered calves have been supplied the members to form the nucleus of future herds. An out- standing educational feature of these Junior activities were the an- nual competitions held in each Club district as well as the Central Competition held in Charlottetown in October when upwards of 100 calves representing the Clubs were exhibited.

Under the Federal Bull loaning scheme a. umber oi new cent were established making a total of over fifty in operation at the end of the year.

Although export live cattle sales were at a minimum, breeders, nev- ertheless, have considered the pres- ent year an opportune one to dis- pose of the poorer types in their herds to the best possible advantwe, ‘pay more attention to the more promising animals. and secure ad- ditions oi’ improved stock ‘which, under existing conditions, they were able to purchase at very moderate prices. Substantial sales were made as usual to the Newfoundland mar- bet.

Hogs

The hog industry has substanti- ally withstood adverse market con- ditions by a display of breeder in- terest that was particularly encour- aging. Six hog fairs were held at various points in the province and at each one an intense interest was manifested in improvement oi ba- con type. The Hog Show and Sale held at Charlottetown in October was perhaps the most successful, Iilidoring conditions, ever hold in the province. There were exhibit- ed and sold at this sale boars and sows of the very best blood lines. while private offerings by breeders throughout the province have been readily absorbed. It is also encouraging to note that substan- tlal sales of breeding stock have been made 1n other Pfillllnm- W!‘ ticularly Quebec, thus attesting to his popularity of Island strains in tbs export market. While the n08 population was not as 16180 U116 year, the foundation for s. consis- tent and improved quality supply has been substantially established.

The same story may be told re-

s uastru canvass or

rua CANADIAN IIIDICAL .

sssocisvlou mo us: -.1-:=.~.-.=;—.

mauiuuca couraultl m causes;

We commonly rush go extremes; wedotoollttleortoomuch: we either. neglect our eyes or we sn- danger them with attention. What is needed 18a happy medium-leas- ollable care and no meddling.

Cleanliness is desirable. Clean hands are " l protection a- gainstdiseasaAcleanbodylsa social requisite. The body is not provided with any mechanism for keeping the skin clue-ll, and so we rely upon soap. water and the nail brush to accomplish the tack. " The body is provided with the

. mes-us of keeping the eyes clean-

the ears. Tears wash out the eyes. There is no need for any meddling with this method. and the healthy eyes should be washed out daily or weekly. The skin surfaces around the eyes should be kept clean to- gether with the rest oi the body.

The eyesore in fsirLv constant us, excepting’ during sleep. The eyes are capable of much work. but they may be damaged by abuse. Eyes cannot be made strong by the use of drop of this or that preparation. The eyes need rest, _not exercise, and a change is comparative rest. looking ‘up and away from close work rents the eyes.

Too much or too little light is harmful. L‘ght falling over the left shoulder keeps the shadow out of the way of the right-handed writ- er. It is bad to look into a bright light. It is not advisable g0 read in bed unless there is a. proper light.

When we stop to think oi what our eyes mean go us, it is not foo much to expect that we should treat them in such a way as to keep them healthy and so be as- sured oi the continuance of good sight.

Eyesirain is one of the most common causes of headaches and digestive disturbances. A compare,- tively large percentage of people require glasses and do not know it. They can su well, and therefore they believe that their eyes are in good condition, but this does not always follow. ‘There may be need for glasses, and until proper glas- ses are secured, the person may be miserable from headaches and digestive upsets.

_The eyes are made for use and, like other parts oi the body, are healthier as the result oi proper use. Abuse is what must be avoid- ed. A good light is necess y fol‘ reading. When the eym are tired, they should be rested.

If you have reason to think there is anything wrong with your eyes, then seek proper advice as to treat- ment; otherwise, leave your eyes alone, keep your fingers away from them, and put nothing into them.

Questions concerning Health, ad- dressed to the Canadian Medical Association, 184 College Street, Tor- onto, will be awr-vcred personally by letter.

IN MEIVIORIAM

MRS. BENJAMIN DINGWELL

Mrs. Benjamin Dingwell, an aged resident of Fortune, died at the home of her son William on Decem- ber 19th, after a lingering illness. Mrs. Dingwcll was a daughter of ti... late James Sutherland of st. Peter's Bay where she was born 79’ years ago. Fifty eight years ago she married and settled in Fortune where she came to_be highly re- garded. F0 many years her hus- band carried on ship-budding and farming. Aftelflhis death she con- tinued housekeeping in the home of her son, until increasing infirlnitles boms with great patience, confined her to her room. l-Ier end was peace.

The funeral service on Dec. 21st. was conducted at the home in For- tune by her minister Rev. J. G. l-fookln with interment in Midgell. Rev. M. E. Aitkcn officiating. She leaves to mourn their loss two daughte s, Mrs. Nellie Dern of Boston and Mrs. Mary MacMahon of Fortune Road, also one son Wil- liam of Fortune. w. Sutherland of Black Pond is the only surviving brother.

“m”; m; miss‘, industry, which operative spirit is so well establish- was encouraged through Sheep 9dr m" m’ “"1991”? °mmimti°m hi“, private digtribution and a have withstood with great success, mum; gm‘, 5nd we during the the difficulties encountered. Con- iate autumn. Pour oi these Fairs fercnces have been held from time were held at various points. io time, and new plans have been advanced for the extension and stabilisation of co-oneret-ive live- stock marketing.

“imam; in co.oper.,flye mgf- A very valuable feature of work mm; of livestock has been well conducted h» been the w" "=91 maintained through the medium cf in: wflvlilw- This branch h" “l”

(lo-operative Marketing

Ihipping Clubs, which give a ser- derflllllfi 005559975519 "tmmu- lad vies to practically the whole vwv- good will" in 119W"! "'9"- tm. m year proved a testing breedilll and M19911" “"1119” lsasmulessolububuttbaoo-lisvebomibahmhnteilflw-

ma CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

0anada’s Story of iiin

LAMPMANS MESSAGE

"Ot- to be conquered by these headlong days, But to stand free: tokcop the mind at brood , On life's deep meaning-nature's altitude Oi loveliness, and time's mysterious ways, At every thought and deed to clear the haze Out of our eyes, considering only this What man, what life, what love, what beauty is, This is to live, and win the final praise. | - . . v ,, ‘i v ~01‘. - THE STORY 0F 1932

What is the record of Nineteen Thirty-two as the last one of the nineteen hundred and thirty-two since anno domini:

It was an unusual year, marked by unusual conditions, world-wide and national, that brought new alignments.

Our Governments-Federal, Provincial and Municipal-have had to face a new set of problems and radically revise former plans and policies. It was of necesity a. check-up year, with a view to drastic economies. Therein lay its value. It may prove to be, in perspective, a worthwhile year to the extent that reforms have been inaugurated and improved systems adopted. Experience isstill the world's chief Teacher. But it wfls not primarily a Failure year. Canada has come through this ‘ “ , time fairly well; better, in fact, it. is claimed than many other countries. Our National credit continues to rank high, even with temporary currency fluctuations; our national savings represent a well-filled stocking, and our banking system, to which President Hoover paid a recent tribute, ' remains unimpaired.

Providence gave us once more a generous response from the soil and the sea; seedtime and harvest have not failed. There is enough for all, if the problem oi wise distribution can be solved, as it should be and that speedily.

Canada records another year free from famine, plague or pestilence, from serious riots and strikes, from any dominance of lawlessness. The reign of law is still one of our rich heritages.

We have enjoyed a continuance of peaceful relations with our big neighbor and all other people and lands, and a successful functioning of our Empire and international relationship.

It was the year oi the Imperial Economic Conference from which much is expected as its decisions take effect by opening up new channels of trade and extending others.

It was a year oi other big events nationally; the ofliclal opening o! the new Welland Canal; the extension of tlfe T. dz N. O. Railway to JamesvBay, giving Ontario an ocean port; of the first release of Beau- harnois power; and of extensive explorations, by land, and air, of new mining and timber areas.

It was a. year oi further scientific advances, coincident with the opening of the National Research Institute in Ottawa.

Nineteen Thirty-Two was, in many ways, a good year, with abundant causes for national and individual thanksgiving, with more assets than liabilities; more blue than black sky.

—Archib:lld Lamphan.

CANADIAN HIGH COMMISSIONER (Hon. G. Howard Ferguson)

g “When it is considered that wtlhln the last two or three decades the expansion oi Canada has been six times greater than ma; o; the United States; when it is considered that. Canada, although one of the youngest l " of the world, is its fifth greatest trader; and when 1t is considered that with a population scarcely larger than Q1151"- London she is the world's greatest producer of wheat; and that 1r m; continues to develop her mineral production as she has beendolng within the last five years she will produce, almost all the minerals that the Empire has need 01f; when all those things are considered, it is small W000i" that the "*1 “ is essentially an Optimist and that, given adequate trade facilities, the future of the Empire in which Canada will play a part is assured.”

CANADA’S LEADERSHIP

Firs; in production of nickel, asbestos, cobalt, paper development, farmers co-operative organizations, mining exchange, newsprint pm- duction, wheat exports.

Fm“ in "n"? 111119989 Per 08PM, in hydro power per capita, in elevator capacity, in wheat quality, _ »

“ ’ in prof of sold. -‘ “ . cobalt, number of phones in use, in coal reserves and resources, in total trade per capita, in wheat, production, autos, manufactures and in flour exports.

Third in production of silver, paper, aluminum per capita. exports.

Fourth in production of lead and refined zinc.

Fifth in export trade. in butler production, ill rubber goods pro- ductions.

Sixth in total trade.

Seventh in production oi steel.

Eighth in production cf cheese.

s,

and wood pulp, In

SOME ‘OF CANADA'S BRIGHT SPOTS

Canadian gold mines during the nine months ended September 30th last disbursed to stockholders in the form of dividends and bonuses a total of $l3,508,l23-an increase of $3,527,113, or 35% over payments in the corresponding period last year. Coast lumber shipments to Great Britain for the first eight months oi this year total 69,000,000 feet ,arld constitute an all-time record. By 1935 Canada's lumber trade with Great» Britain should reach $25,000,000 a year. Canadian Canners shipped on November 15th an entire boatload of canned fruits and vegetables to the United Kingdom. During the eight months ending August, 1932, a, total of 8,950,568 pounds of Canadian tobacco valued at $2,545,380, was exported to Great Britain compared with 4,917,128 pounds valued at $1,429,892, for the corresponding period of 1931. This is almost a 100% increase. Com- mercial crop of 5,000 bushels of Sweet Potatoes grown in Norfolk County. McIntyre-Porcupine has realized a proflt of over $180,000 per month so far this year. Russell T. Kelley, Hamilton.

PAGE ELEVEN

eteen - Thirty- Iw The Record of An Unusual Year

Written for The Charlottetown. Guardian By Frank Yeigh, Author of

“5000 Facts About Canada?

I WHERE our: GREATNESS LIES '

i. Our greatness is where wheat ‘fields are, = Where foundry hammers swing, Ill 8108111118 dray and falling spar,

Our land's awakening, In axe hand hewing some new track,

1n pick the miner plies, In out-thrust vale and lonely shack,

In hearts that fIght the furl-st back, Canadian history lies.

—-S. IVIOFQHJ I':,‘,'.'r l".

WHERE CANADA STANDS

(Frllm dam slllllilied b)’ the Dept. of Trade and Commerce) Canada. as a Traden-Canada has largest per caplta railway mileagl

in world next to Australia. Canada occupies seventh place among world’: Ereatest exporters. Canada occupies seventh place among world's exporten 911d 918MB 111899 91110118 world's importers, ns well as seventh place in total external trade. Canada, with only one-twelfth population 0| United States, does over one-fourth as much world trade.

Among the Countries of the world-Canada has 16h‘. of the world's known coal reserves. Canada has the greatest llsbeSi/Osand nickel dc- posits in the world. Canada's fishing grounds are tile most extensive in the world. Canada is the second greatest gold producer in the world. Canada has the largest forest resources in the Empire, and rank. second or third in soft-wood resources in the world. Canada is tile largest producer of newsprint paper 1n the world.

Canada as a Manufactureh-Canadas total investment in mmlufact. uring in 1930, was over 5 billions. Canada's manufactured and semi. manufactured products iorlned 62% of her export trade in 1930. In 30 years, 1900-1930 Canada increased production of manufactured goods ; from 480 millions to $3,429,000,000. Within last thirty years Canada, has i attracted over $5,000,000 of British and United Slates capital alone. From 1901 to 1911 Canada's population increase of 34W. was greatest in world" from 1911-21, in spite of war losses, 21.9%; and from 1921 to 1931, 18.1% In 30 years Canada has increased her acreage under field crops fron under 20,000,000 acres 11151901 to over 60,000,000 acres ill 1930. Wltr 344-439 P901316 611898191‘! in industrial and manufacturing processes. Can ada's production from manufacturing totalled 3.429 millions 1n 1931).

Canada as a Financihn-Canadians hold over 80"?» of her debt. Call son's national wealth is estimated at nearly 31 billions of dollars: m. annual production nearly 5 billions. Canada's population r-f ovq- rm and

a half millions, has over 2,550,000,000 dollars on deposit 1n bunks and loan companies, and in the last decade has invested over six billions in bonds. Canada increased her national debt 7-fold and cn1istér11/13 of her 1914 population in the war, yet to-day her net per (‘nniia debt is less than that of any ally, except tile United States, that had only 011v’ and a half years of war. (United Kingdom, $802 per llcacl; Frame, 6363,- Australla, including State debt, $821; New zcalaild, $889, lllillvti Slates. $135; Dominion of Canada, $226). In the case. of COlll7il'i"".‘ $1111: lilo pound as currency, conversions are made at par.

AGRICULTURE TO NATURAL WEALTH

Agriculture-Canada's field crops, 1932, oi over a billion bushels, was a record one, over 400 million bushels being wheat. Total value, half a billion even at low prevailing prices-the yearly addition to our agri- cultural wealth. '

Agricultural and Vegetable Products-Exports 1931-32, $204,398,365, ($292,280,037 in 1930-31). Animal Products, $68,798,683 ($83,714,772 in 1930-31). Imports: Agricultural and vegetable products, 1931-32, $128,621,260 ($177,628,778 in 1930-31). Animals and their products, 61931-32, $24,563,246 ($45,995,705 in 1980-31.)

Autos.—1,200,00 new registered. Revenue $42,231,000, viz., $22,560,119 gasoline tax; $19,684,908 registration fees. 1,270 were killed in motor ac- cidents in 1930. Auto production, 1931, of 82,559 cars represented a. value of $60,000,000 and capital investment of $60,000,000. 5,650,000 cars enter- ed Canada.

Aviatlola-Civil: 100,000 passengers carried in 1931 in 144 flights, 2,372,467 lbs. of freight carried; 470,090 lbs. of mall matter in 19 air mail services. 100 firms engage’ in commercial aviation, 460 commercial certi- ficates lssued. ,

Dania-Canada has l0, with other 4,000 branches, 179 being in other countries. Assets, over 3 billions.

Canada's Consolidated Revenue. — Expenditure, during year ended March 31, 1932, $375,403,344. Total revenue for the year was $329,709,056. Net debt of Canada as on March 31, 1932, $2,375,846,l72, an increase of $114,234,235, as it stood on March 31, 1931. ,

Canada's National Wcaith.-Es‘llnated at over 30 billion. By provinces, Prince Edward Island, $164,000,000; Nova Scotla, $911,000,000; New Bruns- wick, $788,000,000; Quebec, $8,265,000,000; Ontario. $10,628,000,000; Mani- toba, $1,970,000,000; Saskatchewan, $3.047,000,000; Alberta, 82.406.000.000; British Columbia, $2,644,000000; Yukon, $17,000,000.

Canadian Farms.—728,664 in 1931. (711,090 in 1921). Ontario leads with 192,174. 586,299 of total are occupied by owners. Only 11 per cent. of cultivatable are yet occupied. Value of all farm lands and buildings, over 4 billion.

MARINE TO ELEVATORS

Canada's Merchant Marina-1931: Operating revenues, $3,789,228; operating uXPCIIBCS, $4,233,514. Deficit of $834,210 1n 1930 reduced to $444,285 in 1931.

Coal Mining-1931: Production, 12,243,211 tons (mostly bituminous); worth, $41,027,662-a decline of 17 p. c. in quantity and 22 p. c. in value. Imports, 13,531,831 tons, chiefly from U. 5., and nearly a million tons from Great Britain. = ‘

Distilled Liquor Indus‘ y.-l931 showed marked -‘ “ Production, net value, $13,055,971 ($43,752,420 in 1929); capital, $55,863,010; employees, 1,822; salaries and wages, $2,233,477. 23 plants reported. Whiskies account- ed for moat of production.

EducatIonaI.-2,542,747 were enrolled, in 1931, in 32,637 Canadian edu- cational institutions-a record total-under 94,000 teachers. $178,700,000 was spent on education in that year. The standard of literacy leached a new high mark, with a percentage of 92.34 of the population over 5 who can read and write.

I1 ' Development 4- at end 011931: turbine installation of 6,666,337 horse power out of estimated at ordinary minimum flow of 20,- 347,000 h. p. or 38,617,200 h. p. at ordinary six months‘ flow. Nearly 600 central electric stations with net revenue of $126,000,000.

Electric llailwaysv-M in 1931. 1,400 miles of first track; capital, $217,000,000; net operating revenue, $13,721,243; passengers carried, 720,- 000,000; freight nearly 2,000,000 tons. 17,158 employees. Elevators-Practically few in i900. 5.673 in 1933, wit 414,000,200 bushels, nearlyrthat of the m: wheat crop.

FARM PRODUCTS TO MINERAL PRO UCTION

Farm ? ‘Iota-Exports, 1031-31, $324,726,309; (6 5,000,000 to Unl- ted Kingdom); imporil, $00,751,302. - Fire Insurance Net amount at risk, January 1, 30, 9,672,996,973.

a s

capacity of

Fol-elm Investments m Canada-As on January 1, 1932. $284,136,000 —60 p. c.; American , $3,940,593,000. Canadian investments abroad, $1,781,345,000.

Imml|ratlon.—1931-32, 25,752, lowest on record. Total from 1900 to 1932, 4,870,651. 300,000 have returned from the United States in recent years.

Iron and Steel Industry-(Primary), 1931. Factory sales, $37,000,- 000: capital employed, $104,000,000; employees, 3.02s.

Life Insurance-Canada ranks third as a life insurance country, with $6,492,428,676 in paid up policies. Life Insurance increased 136 p. c. bc- tween 1920 and 1930, and has doubled its record every ten years since 1875.

Live Stock-1931, 19,444,716, viz., 3,123,996 horses; 7,981,000 cattle; 3,- 608,000 sheep; 4,716,720 swine. Value, $4,468,300,000. Farm poultry, 65,- 000,0000. Worth, $43,138,000.

Manufacturing Industries-IBM. 24,020 plants. Capital, 5,203,316,760. Employees, 644,439. Salaries and wages, $736,092,766. Grm value of pro- ducts, $3,428,970,628, viz., vegetable products, $672,023,666; animal products, $417,540,878; textiles, $361,814,733; wood and paper, $636,599,911; iron and its products, $569,745,873; non-ferrous metal products, $250,458,721; non-

ferrous mineral products, $216,812,827; hemlcals, $119,969,637; general electric stations, $126,038,145; miscellaneous, $57,966,137. Mining Production-1931, $227,456,365—$i18,636,071 metallic; $65,438,- 103 non-metallic. Gold $55,000,000. Mineral Producing Industries.—1931, 2,397 plants. Capital, $642,060,- 020; 72,609 employees, income from sales, $238,169,909.

NATIONAL PARKS T0 R.R. ROLLING STOCK

National Parka-m; area over 12,000 square miles-some being tho largest in the world. Also animal parks, with over 8,000 buffalo, etc. i bird sanctuaries.

Native-born Population-1931 census, 77.76 p. c. of total; born within the Empire, 89.18 p. c., foreign born, only 6.88 p. c.

New Welland Ship Canal.—27 miles long. Drop of 326 feet. S. S. Lemoyne, 621 feet long, passed through in August, 1932. Ultimate capa- city will be 820 feet. Cost, $135,000,000. 8 lift locks; depth of water, 30 feet; lift of locks, 461/: feet. Lock fills in 8 minutes. Time to pass through Canal, 8 “ours. 21 bridges.

Ontario-Mlnem-Total production from start, $1,111,000,000; viz., gold. $394,000,000; nickel, $333,000,000; silver, $254,000,000; copper, $130,000,000. Dividends paid, $370,000,000--33 p. c.

Population-1921, 8,787,949; 1931, 10,376,786. Increase, 18.08 p. c., (U. S. gain, 16.1 p. c.).