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ll ' , Dally (Founded In llfll Incident. lahlltc-Cfll. W. (III!!! l. IOLIIIO Vloe President». J. l Burnett. I. l. l, small-y. LIeut-Col. o. a. lhellnluu, o e o. 5mm ‘n4 Mgrmlln‘ Dlmetor J. l. Burnett. I. l. l Associate Editor. "Ill W113i

SUBSCRIPTION u c“, 3,00 pct yen lln uilvmeel v 84.00 per year (In advance) mulledjo I- I- Ill!“ 55.00 per yell (in advance) mulled to cenbllln-l Member, Jllflll fluruu of Circulation:

“The Strongest Memory is Wwllfl’ “I! the_ll'ealrcest _lnk-"

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 131 I339.

National Interests First

With the approval of the federal Conserva- tive lczidcr, lion. Dr. Manion, the Prince County Conservative Associations have decided not to offer itpinsititm to the return of Hon. Colonel

K111511111, thc Lihcrnl candidate, in the by-elec-t

tion schi-tlulcd for ll-Hl- 8-

said he would be unable to do anything this year. The inference was that the act would be overhauled in r940. But this will scarcely be necessary now that the department has discov- ered that the desired reforms were achieved n_ine years ago.

EDITORIAL, NOTES =

Dr. Johnson died this date, 1784 — “Tum from the glittering bribe thy scornful eye, not sell for gold what gold could never buy."

U i i i

The stormy weather, though later than last year, is earlier than we have been accustomed to for some years. Of course there is always the January thaw to which to look forward.

I l II i

October imports of cheese amounted to 174.- 271 potinds coniparcd with 69,483 in September and 146,442 in October, I938. The amount llfl- ported during the 10 months ended October was 962,737 pounds compared with 1,048,828 a year ago.

I!!!

Business across Canada maintained its satis-

This (lccisioti was l£ll\’t'l1 in view of the fact factor)’ trend last ‘Vcek- according to the week‘

that Liztnittlzi is at war, and that, as Finance kliiiistci- in th; Dntniniotl Govcrnment, Colonel Rllston’: election at the present time is impor- tant to the Government’s effective prosecution of thc war-

Colouel Rlllilfill has expressed his deep ap- prccitttioii of this action, which we believe will hc indorscd by the clcctors generally. It is in line with tlic assurance given by Dr. Manion at the last scssiou of Parliament, when he pledged the fullcst co-opcration of the Conscr- vzitive Party in thc Government's war activi- tics.

Now that this poiut has been settled, it is hoped that cvcry effort will be concentrated at Ottawa touwvds achieving the maximum effi- ciency in war production, There should be no furthcr cruise for complaint or suspicion with TQQIIIYI to pnrtisun discrimination. The Govcrti- mcirt cziu retain public confidence in its war efforts only by exercising the most rigid sup- ervision in cvcry department, and by absolutely rcfttsing to consider partisan interests in ex- pcutling thc taxpayers’ money. The example sct bv the Conservatives of Prince County, in placing national intcrcsts before political ex- PCWIIPIICI‘. is one which should inspire not only Colonel RfllSIftll, but all his colleagues in the King fiovcriimciit, to grcatcr effort in this dir- ectioii.

Air Training Centres

Reference has bccn made in these colums to thc importance of the Federal Government plan of establishing air training centres throughout the Dominion, and the possibility of having

such training given hcrc, Unfortunately there‘

has hccn dclay iii completing the new Char- lllIl(‘lt‘t\\'11 airport, but assumnce has been given that this will be (lone next Spring. In the mean- t-iiiic, stirvcys have hccii made all over Canada with a victv to establishing air training centres. There is no rcasou why Charlottetown should be ignored in this respect.

The question was raised at Monday's meet- ing of the City Council. Councillor Chandlerls suggestion that thc civic airport be offered to the Federal (fiovcrnmcnt frce of charge for the duration of the war, and that it be made avail- able for training purposes, is well worth con- sidering. This is a matter in which the civic authorities have a right to expect fullest co- operation from the Provincial Government. The Island capital is the logical centre for air training activities in the Province. The estab- lishment of such facilities is both necessary and desirable from the recruiting standpoint, and this fact should be strongly impressed on the officials at Ottawa.

The Death Penalty

On Nov. 8 an official of the National De- fense Department issued a curt announcement, which must have astonished members of the (iovernmciit, of Parliament and a great many people in thc country. _

lie said that in the Canadian army, as in the British army, the crimes of dcscrtion, cowardice and slccpiug on sentry ditty are no longer pun- ishablc by death: No longer will lads in the Canadian army have to shoot a comrade who has rim away or been overcome with sleep while on listening post. N0 longer will the grue- some routine of the firing squad, the medical officer running a white marker over the hear‘. of the condemned man, the volley and the death, be inevitable under these circumstances. The death penalty. in this war, will be imposed onlv for murder, mutiny and treason.

But, writes Cirant Dexter in the Winnipeg Free Press, the astonishing fact in the announce- ment of the National Defence Department was that the change had taken place about nine years ago.

'l‘hcrc has been a strong and continuing agita-

tion for this reform ever since the last war. Suc- ccSsivc governmcnts have been asked to change the Cauatlian Militia Act and abolish the death penalty for thcsc offences. But no government would agree to do s0. The governments never argued for retaining the death penalty. They always put off the decision until some future time. . Actually, Canada followed Britain's lead in thcse muttcrs. Section 69 of the Canadian Militia Act provides that the Army Act of Great Britain shall apply to Canada "as if it had been enacted by the Parliament of Canada for the government of the militia."

The British Parliament enacted this reform about 1930, and the astonishing thing about it is that while the text of the amended British Armv Act is readily available, neither ministers, officials nor members of Parliament seem to have read it or, if they-did read it. to have realized the significance of the change.

Thus in the House of Commons as late as last May, llnu. Ian Mackenzie, then Minister

"of National Defence, was urged to amend the

Militia Act to do away with the death penalty for cowardice (unrcviscd Hansard.»P31Z¢ 4573i Mr. Mackenzie replied: "I cannot make a dc- finite statement at the moment.” Later on he

Jarmrrmmv - iii-aw,“

lly trade report issticd by the Canadian Credit

Men's Trust Association. Collections ranged from “just fair" to fairly good. Maritime trade “showed further improvement" in some dis- tricts while others reportcd conditions “quite

good."

1101*

Sir Eugene Fiset, now Member of Parlia- mcnt for Rimouski, will be named Lieutenant- Governor of Quebec either just before or im- mcdiately aftcr the coming holiday season. He succeeds Hon. E. L. Patciiaudc, whose term was extended last May so he could be on hand to receive Their Majcstics the King and Queen and then extended again for the time 0f thr last provincial election.

a in n- a

The Godbout Government has fixed Febru- ary 20 as thc date for the next session of the Legislature. Sources close to the Government asserted that the public at large had n0 con- ception of the amount of legislation that had to be prepared before a scssiou could be called. The new Goboiit Government has reportedly found that it wishcs to repeal, altcr and otherwise change so much of the lcgislation intrbdticed by the former Duplessis athulnistration that it will take some time to prepare the bills in consequ- cnce.

i

U i it II

Canadian and American brandy, cordial, gin and cider drinkers in Bermuda, will have to dig deeper into their pockets next year as a result of action by the Assembly that increased the duties on the first three front II shillings a gallon and 25 per cent ad valorem to i6 shil- lings a gallon and 25 pcr cent ad valorem. The duty on cldcr was increased from 3 shillings to 4 shillings pcr (lozcti quarts. A numbcr of the Assembly members thought the duty should be increased as much as 50 pcr cent as a revenue measure, but the Finance Committee's vicw was that to unduly risc the price would only limit legitimate coustimption and dcfcat its object 1k il- it

In Alberta the cattle ranchers expect to bene- fit by approximatcly $175,000 as a result of the i940 cattle quota on cxports to the United States, stockmen estimate. 'l‘he i940 quota, re- cently announced at “Zxshiugton, permits ex- port of 193,950 head of hcavy cattle to the Uni- ted States from Czuiada. Kenneth Coppock, manager of the \\'cstcrn Stock Growers’ As- sociation said that undcr the new quota Can- adians can export 23,000 head more cattle to the United States than during the current year. Ht: estimated reduction in duty undcr the quota at $15 a head, saving $345,000 for Canadian cattlemen. L7n<lcr the quota cattle may be ship- ped to United States at a rate of I i-z cents a pound duty. After the quota is filled duty is three cents a pound.

a 4- a

A note in The Weekly News of Rome deals with the Italian origin of the surname of the man and his son who navigated for the English on the coast of North America, Giovanni Se- bastiano Caboto. Even during their lifetime their names had been Anglicizcd to John and Sebastian Cabot, from the latter of whom thc Lodges and Danas are descended, with a fam- ily tradition that their ancestors had always been Cabots, always Englishmen. The note also is a reminder of the jcst that "the Lowels speak only to Cabots and the Cabots speak only to God." The writer in the Roman paper says: “The Anglicizing, by the English, of Caboto into Cabot is obviously not an indication of Eng- lish nationality, since local nationalizing of names was customary in those days; witness for cxample the name 0f john I-Iawkwood, the Eng- lish soldier of fortune who came to be known in Italy as Giovanni Acuto, and that of Walter of the Mill, the English Bishop of Palermo. who built its cathedral and who became known as Gualtiero Offamilio. the name being even so inscribed on his sarcophagus, which stands in the crpyt of the cathedral.”

u a v

Complaint having been made that some dc- pcndcnts of soldiers iii the Canadian Active Scr- vice Force had not been receiving their allow- ances it is offcrcd as an explanation, that at the very commencement of thc war a new scale of allowances was announced for the army and im- mediately went into effect. Under this scheme about 40,000 claims have already been dealt with. In the navy and air force a peacetime complica- tion existed. Only a certain percentage of the forces were allowed married allowances. If an airman married he knew he had to wait his turn to come within that pcrcciitaggc. When these units were suddenly brought up to war strength the peacetime systcm of providing allowances was inadequate. Novcmbcr checks for allow- ances and assigned pay for dependents of mem- bers of the Canadian Active Service Force to- tallcd just under $2,000,000 and this amount will he increased when the situation is adiustcd in other branches of the service. Even in the Army there are still thousands of applications

i

It!

l!

to be dealt with by the I50 members of the staff of the Dcpciidcnts‘ Allowance Board. Every application is checked.

resource depends upon the fighters.

several miles an hour faster than

rut: CHARLOTTETOWN our:

IIOTES BY TIIE WAY

__-—.-

lf we euu bring ourselves to trust India with what Mr. Gandhi has

clenoe w; shall gain for the first time 1n our long association the willing and enthusiastic consent of the Indian people to a partnership that 1s notblng less than the core of the Britt-ah commonwealth. That 1s briefly. the opportunity that the outbreak of war has brought in 1t: treln. There can be no doubt that Indtuns of every shade of opinion share our detestatlon of the force against wlilch this country m; gone m war and the Ideals It has undertaken to defend. But Britain and India. are placed side bv side B09 IIIQNIY 1n spirit. The dangers that threat/en the one. are also Impertllfng the other. Indians wnu think they are free to choose will discover before long that we are both In the same boat. Yet the realization of the common peril may be dlsastrously delayed unless courageous statesmarishlp Inter- venea to create an atmosphere of mutual trust In which each side- wlll accent the others wordr-Man- cheater Guardian.

German soldier-y In Poland are reported to have destroyed the state of Woodrow Wilson at Poz- nap. The reason given was that the thrloe life-size statue of Woodrow Wilson was "an urtlstlc eyesore." Nazi soldfery 1n the role o1’ crltfics of art do not, seem to be well cast. We fancy that; the only artistic ex- planation for American consump- tion. The statue was by Glitz-m Borglum. and we would not venture to pass upon lts merits We have President Wilson's own word for it that the sculptor worked under a handicap. The American prcsuicnt. rather fancied llmerlcks, and In a light/er moment he once penned the following:

"For 5911111’ 1’ am not a star: There are other more handsome

by far.

But my face. I don't mind It. bbr I am behind It‘

It's the folks out In front that 1

Jar].

The FIIYIDBTOr Constantine, when told a mob had smashed the head of hIs statue with stones ccm- menfed: "It Is very surprlswig. but I don't feel hurt: 1n the least." The Nazi despollem will tint evm have the satfsfaotlon of surprlsuig Wood- row Wllson, and the PFESIIgE or the dead American presldent will feel not one blow As to the renu- tatfon of the Nazi soldery being al- ready mt rock bottom. 1t 1s equally Invulnemble. - Moncton Trans- crfpc,

Complete air supremacy i; not.

At present the British fighters. BOY-ably the Hawker Hurrzcane and the Supermnrtne Spitfire, are

the German Messersclimitt and Helnkel fighters respectively. The British machines have eight. ma- chine-guns apiece to a usual equip- merit DI I011!‘ each 1n £113 Germans, But, new designs will come into production on both sides, and It is possible, though not. probable. 1,111; the position may change. We ntay take comfort from the sober words of the Ohtef of the Air Staft. Air. Chtef Marshal su- Cyril Newul], when he gave an lnt/ervtcw to the Press 1n Paris on October 7th. The QA-s- l5 Tepflrted to have said: "French alr circles, who are always Renerous In their praise of the deed’: 01' their British Allies, have Elven 1t- as their OplnlDn that. the R.A.F. have established a, suprem-

called the substance of Indopem"

suggest, either adding a. wing to his house at. th-s

be expected. except perhaps time. through Germany's shgrtagg of _In 1800 Schurman debited himself petrol. Alr supicmacy 1n the 18st with "100 spins d 6d £2- 0: 0."

This is six pence (loci each. it may

Shop - Itosplng In Pioneer Days

THE STORY OF BED! UPS FIRST STORE;

t

By E- B. D.

F" in n - Book dirt... Schumann." numb ant. "on the Island

St. John." bellm 1784

bl

W.

(Continued from yestexdlyk Guardian)

To the early Bedeque inhabitants, prwuuus mime from iron mu Eveel were almost. in me luxury class. AVAH-lly of me pioneers got along with

LIAOUQIL», scymes and axes for out- sue use, auu pots am a cram for me housewuels duties ul- the hearth. rue uoouen piougns of that. period 1.11119 wrougni. iron motildootrda snares ano colters. An item in 1781, "to make-en a. plow . . . . 0: 9: 0' (saw) WOLUII Bvlflflllily refer to the wooden frame. An earlier 1WD’) of 1785 was Just. "plow 0: 2: 8." The snare 811G mould board of t-he earl- iest 111061615 were made 1n one ppce, for in 18w We 11nd "2 shear mots’ (snare tnoulos!) weighing twenty IJIQHD and half pounds cnarged up at; eight. pence per pound for a total of t-ignteen shillings, or .76.

Axes are not. c eu ml 1795 when they sold for $2. There was probably little sate for t-bem earlier because of the government you“! tools to the I-DYB-ILSIZS when y crime to Beueque in 1784.

“One mowing sine" (scythe?) 1a charged up In 1793 at. nve shllllxlgs and slx pence; and two ” 1n 1795 sold for eiznty cents. Awl blades sold at fltveen cents g dozen lll 1800. Sheep shears were titty cents in 1795 and files twenty cents each In 1786.

Schurman appears to have done a big blISll7855 in Iron bars e years 1799-94 & 95. Probably he nad not stocked It before, and there was an accumulated demand wfucn made for such items as follows:- "August. 8, l793—Jolm Murray senor. to slX- tydlve of iron at. 4% per pound

“Augut 2, 1793 Mr. Daniel Ramse to iron for a bar ta en by his b. 1:

4: 4:"

2: 10%" "Malcolm Ramsey—

to his half 01’ l bar

of Iron G42 41s 1: 2: 10%"

In 1800 and 1801 steel sold at slx shillings nine pence for a four 110mm piece. and a. lay steel sold for curly cents. Chains were twenty cents a pound m 1795, and nails the same year were ten pence (over sir-teen cents) a pound. on Jan. 6, 1796, Daniel Green, either the orig- lnal pioneer at. Green's chore (Sum- mersicie) or his son of the saute name. was charged wit-h forty pounds of naILs-sfifil-whlich might the younger man was building a. home, or the older

be reasonably spurned that these were hand-made. L. U. Fowler 1n h s valued article “Bedeque and 11s Peoplej’ in the Prince Edward Island MBEBZIDB‘ tells us that Schurmanb house built after the fire In 1793 had only hand ntade nails 1n 1t. One almost wonders were the tacks too, hand-made. In 1800 they sold at thirty cents the dozen.

1n a time when wooden latches and hinges were commonly used, the 1793-sty1e of homemade wrought-iron hinges sold at slxty live cents a pair, An early burrow

me “are necessities in m1: lmv, like h

SpeTh Gy N inetles

(New York ‘rlmesl

the Gay Nineties, they seem In retrosgct. had . when

wfleaI-lfikln

IN?‘ SOCIIIO

thou:

of road. veloc which would not. excite much comment In the world of to-dsy stood out.

along the stretch of New York Central trucks between Batavla and Buffalo at the than Incredlte rate of 111.5 miles Ln hour.

, eer Hogan, rich In honours. has 11st died: but that record run of h In No. 999 1s still fixed In the countrykunemory. Perhaps 1t because the alllteratlve num- erals are so easy to remember. Per- haps It Is because the old record stood for almost a decade. well Into another century. In Its day the run was e railroad epic. The train from New York to Syracuse was hopelessly late. some say 1t was intended to be. But. No. 999, new and shining, was waiting on a std- Irig to Ick 1t. up. Passengers In the cone es brew nervous when the

telegraph les started to clatter by like sla. In a picket fetnoe. But Hogan pulled his cup down and

kept. lils throttle open while Fire- man Ike O'DelI plied his coal shovel. No. 999 roared Into Buffalo on time to the dot and the tele- graph wires flashed news of a new world's record.

Even now 112 miles an hour Isn't loaflng. Last year the Coronation Express, which we saw here at the fair, rocketed , down from Edin- burgh to Iondorn at 125 miles 1m hour. But most of our present dav |tra1ns can't- equal old No. 990 with ‘Hogan In charge. Tia-day's speed Is built; Into automobiles and aero-

planes. Hogan. In his retirement lmust. have heard them talking iserlously of planes g 500 mlles per hour. But. he was never ashamed of N0. 999. It stayed on the track.

NEEDED PAINT JOB

BEAOONSFIELD. Emtland —- tcPl-Jlhlllmr to whiten the front. side and back of his car as called for In blackout regulations a. mo- t/orlst was fined flve shillings ($1.12.)

MADE THEIR MARK

LONDON—(CP)— The Probate Court, accepted as a valld slgrmt-ure to a joint; will and testament a cross made b_v a bllnd husband when his hand was rrulded by his wife who couldn't write.

New methods for reaching the

sources are being tested _1ri_Japnn.

you've hail a pro- perty 105s a mighty poor time to find out that you were under- Insured —- or that there was 00ml!