ocroeaa 31. ' 1952

National Temperance

Study

Course ”

JUNIOR LESSON Lesson Three-October ztth

JACK STARTS TO PLAY HOCKEY AND JANE LEARNS TO KNIT

(By RUTH LUCAS SMITH)

school was over and Jack rush- ed home. "We're having a hockey practice, Mum. Have we got any extra mitts?" asked Jack.

"It's not that cold yet, is it?” asked Mother.

"oh, I have mine all right. Mother, but Charlie from dowi. the street hasn't any, and his minds are red and getting sore.” replied Jack.

"well, lend him those blue ones of yours," said Mother.

"I really think I should give them to him.' said Jack. "He doesn't seem to have any warm clothes to wear, and there isn't much furniture in his house. He has a little sister. too. and his mother said she couldn't go out because it was too cold."

"Isn't his: dad working?" asked Mother.

”I think so," said -Jack. "I must hurry to the practice. I hope I can be goalie. Thanks for the cookies, Mum. Good-bye."

At supper. Jack was very tired but happy. lie was sure that his hockey team was going to be the very best. He began to list the rules they had made for all mem- bcrs to follow:

1. Eight hours sleep every night with the window open.

2. Three glasses or more of milk a day.

"You know. Mother." said Jack. ”on the way home Charlie said he didn't think he could belong to our hockey team because he couldn't always have milk to drink. His mother gives him tea. she told him it would warm him up. I told him we drink cocoa to iiarm us up when it's real cold."

"Did you find out if his dad is working?" asked Mother. "it seems to me there is something wrong in that family-no milk and no mitts."

”I have an idea what's wrong,” said Dad. "Last week I saw Charlie's dad going home. He couldn't walk very straight. and he was carrying a. box from the 'iqunr store, which means there is no much money going into alco- ml in that house, and children wave to do without food and clo- Ihing."

”Maybe I could give the mitts l'm knitting to their baby." said Jane.

"I think you should make a pair for me.” said Jack. "I gave my blue ones to Charlie today be- :ause he didn't have any."

"Oh, that is an ideal" said Jane. "llaybe our knitting club should knit mitts for the hockey team. I'll ask the girls what they think on Friday when we meet. I walked home with Shirley Baker today at noon. and she said she hated to no home because she knew there wouldn't be any lunch ready, and that her mother was very cross. I mid her I'd ask you, Mum, if she rould have lunch with us, but she laid her mother wouldn't like that, either.".

”What was her mother cross about?" asked Dad.

"On our way back to school she told me it was all because her mother had too many cocktail parties: that is what her Aunt Margaret said. She also said it has hard to stop once you start, and people just keep on having more and more of them. She told Shirley you don't think very fast when you drink cocktails, and that you just think you're having a good time. But you feel cross af- '4-rwards.

"Thats just what Mrs. Richard- mn told us last year at Bruce's birthday party. Shirley always said when she was 18 she was going to have cocktails at her birthday Party, but she told me today that the had changed her mind. I said that was good because I wouldn't have gone to her cocktail party, and most of the other girls weren't rolniz. either."

"welll Weill Such neighbours as we hovel" said Dad.

"Oh. yes. it certainly sounds bad innight.” said Mother. "But think or all the good neighbours we have who don't drink. Perhaps we can help those who do, to stop."

"Yes." said Jane. "I'm going to hell) Shirley. I told her that last Year I had signed a card at Sun- day school saying that I promised not to drink alcoholic beverages, and if she wanted to sign one I would go with her to the super- intendent and ask for one."

"Is she going to?" asked Jack.

"Oh. I think so." said Jane.

"Well. I think I'll go and call On Charlie's dad with Mr. Brown. Who has found I way to help drinkerl through his A.A. group." ;.')ilcoholics Anonymous-lee Story

.”We're becoming quite a mis- "ilnary family," said Mother.

"I will be a friend to Charlie: yhnkt will you do. Mother?" asked ac . -

"I'll invite his mother over for 3 "In of tea and ask her to bring the baby. I'll be I friend to her. Ind then we will have the whole llfflllv working for them."

That reminds me of the mem- My verse we had a couple of sun- dm no." and Jane. "They help- ed everyone his neighbour; and "ervons said to his brother. as of food courage." Isaiah 41: 6.

"That is a fine verse for us all lo remembe . Let us ask God to live us courage in helping those "Obie." said Dad.

"Dear God we thank you for the "lanes to help other people. Let I: remember to keep true to Thee ourselves so that we may be bet- ler helpers."

The fwly finished supper and hurried to their Jobs of dishes. homework and going to call on the neighbours. -

Questions

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INTERMEDIATE - SEN I98. LESONE . Lesson Three-October zilth WHEN ALCOHOL ENTERS THE BODY

What happens to alcohol when it enters the human body? The answer to this question is deter- mined in part by the fact that alcohol does not require digestion as is the case with bread and meat. That being the case, it is absorbed through the stomach wall into the blood stream directly, much like a piece of blottihg pap- er absorbs ink. Moreover, this process begins as soon as the alco- hol reaches the stomach. As a. rule not all the alcohol that is drunk is absorbed by the stomach wall. The balance passes out of the stomach into the small intes- tine and is absorbed there.

How fast does this absorption take place? The answer will de- termine how soon after drinking a person's conduct will be affected. Well. the rate of absorption de- pends upon several factors. If taken into an empty stomach, the alcohol will be absorbed more quickly than if taken with food on a full stomach. The kind of bev- erage, particularly the percentage of alcohol it contains, and the speed of drinking are other influ- encing factors. If taken on an empty stomach. 30 per cent. to 40 per cent. is absorbed almost im- mediatelyfthe rest passing into the small intestine to be absorbed rapidly from there.

When the alcohol is absorbed through the wall of the stomach or intestine. it passes directly into the blood stream. As the blood circulates. it carries the alcohol to the various parts of the body, in-. cluding the brain. It is when it reaches the brain that it begins to make the drinker act abnormallv

The human brain differs from that of the lower animals in the high development of the cerebel- lum, or large upper part of the brain. This is the part which looks after the higher thought process- es, judgment, discrimination. and those sensibilities which make us human as distinguished from the brutes. It is the first part of the brain to be affected by alcohol.

To understand the effect on the brain, and hence on conduct. we must remember that alcohol is an anaesthetic. As such, its'effec:s are much like those of any other anaesthetic such as ether. It grad- ually and progressively puts the brain to slap.

One of t e first noticeable ef- fects of alcohol on the drinker is that he talks more freely, and more loudly, and laughs boister- ously. When this happens to an ordinary quiet and reserved per- son, folk sometimes conclude that the alcohol is a stimulant. But this is not the case; it is actually a depressant. What happens is that alcohol takes the brakes off conduct; it relaxes the ordinary controls. Ordinarily our conduct is restrained by what the psychol- ogists call inhibitions. We may feel like throwing I book or stone through a window. but we don't do it. We may be listening to it lecture and feel like, interrupting by asking questions or objecting to some statement. but we are held back from doing it We may feel like staying away from school and going fishing or to a show. but are restrained from doing either: we go to school as usual. These re- straints or inhibitions are the brakes on our conduct, and. as was said, alcohol in our brain slackens these controls.

One has didiculty in pronoun- clng words correctly,or, as is com- monly sald, one's tongue thick. At the same time several other changes are taking place- The person loses the power to con- trol his muscles and to make them work together properly, as is shown by his staggering as he tries to walk. He loses the power to think straight, and in other ways shows that his higher brain is affected. The world today is in need of well-controlled. well-disci- plined brain power. The cortex or forebrain is the most valuable thing we have in the world. It is more valuable than gold. or uran- ium, or atomic energy. It is what makes us humans: it is what has produced our civilization. Can we afford to decrease its ediciency. and in the end destroy it?

The extensive way in which men across the centuries have used al- cohol and depended upon it has been called "humanity's major handicap". .

Now if a person continues to drink after his higher brain is affected, and the concentration of alcohol in the blood continues to increase, his lower brain will soon be affected too. His use of his muscles is interfered with, and his involuntary actions including breathing deter-io'rate. '

Now, as we said. the presence of alcohol in the blood that reach- es the brain causes an impairment of mental processes. such as the flow of thought. Are there any .1:a

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ways of measuring this impair- ment or decrease of efficiency? Those who study man's mental life, the psychologists. have de- vised tesis to measure intelligence, and to determine our differences

'ln intelligence. Perhaps you have

had your intelligence meas ed school and recorded in terms of an I. Q. (Intelligence ” ” ” rating. one item sometimes used in such tests is an association test. Before readin any further you might try such I. test on- yourself. Write down the first three words that come into your mind when you read the word pen. The chances are that the words you thought of were, ink. paper, letter, or perhaps school, blue or red. One ordinarily responds with words indicating use. characterist- ics, origin of the thing mentioned. with the amount of alcohol in his blood which follows the drinking of an ounce or two of whiskey, a person responds with such words as penny. pep. pet-words having no logical connection with the stimulus word. It seems clear that in such a case the alcohol has had an injurious effect on the person's power of reasoning. With- out the alcohol the answers were quite superior, were logically re- lated to the stimulus.

Thinking is, of course. a varied function. There are many kinds of reasoning. One of these is the matter of airing judgments. One test of judgment is the ability to name opposites. Tests have shown that this ability was decreased by 29 per cent. after drinking the amount of alcohol in one ounce of whiskey. Two or three ounces decreased the ability by 52 per cent.

Judgment plays an important part in nearly everything we do-- in driving a. motor car. for exam- ple. How far is one from another car or from a pedestrian? In how short a distance can one bring the car to ll. stop? At what speed is the car travelling? These are some of the judgments involved. Several experiments have shown that alcohol in the system impairs the judgment in these cases. Af- ter drinking the equivalent of one and one-half ounces of whiskey, drivers tested on a. given course actually took a shorter time but felt that they were taking longer to cover the distance.

Memory is another function of the mind that is easily investigat- ed. If you memorize a. verse of poetry, or list of Latin or French words, and write from memory what you have learned, with let us say, two mistakes, then the next day write it again and have four mistakes, you know that your ability to recall has decreased After drinking one or two ounces of whiskey. recall is reduced right away by 12 per cent. If the am- ount of alcohol is increased to that contained in four ounces of whiskey. recall suffers a loss of 42 per cent. .

The question has often been asked, "Does alcohol cause any permanent -damage to the brain?" After a person has drunk even a. comparatively small amount of al- cohol. the brain becomes affected in the ways that have been men- tioned. But after the alcohol has passed out of the body, the brain shows rapid recovery. How- ever, like any highly developed mechanism. the brain does show the effects of repeated abuse. We can overload a. car one or twice. or force it on a hill beyond reas- on. without causing any apparent injury. But continue to abuse it in that way, and sooner or later it will show the effects. It is the same with man's distinguishing feature, the forebraln, with this difference: that a. valve or even the motor of a car can be replac- ed, but there is no way to replace damaged areas of the brain.

Perhaps the best places to look for the effects on the brain of continued drinking are the mental hospitals. Some years ago a study was made in the United States which led the investigator to the conclusion that "more than one-

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Cavendish 3.8. Bally Day Sonics

The Rally Day service of cav- endish F lty -' I - - ' was held in the United church on Sunday evening, October 20th, with a good attendance.

Mrs. Jeremiah Simpson presided over the program which was very pleasingly rendered throughout. The theme was, "Let us now pre- pare in build.", The music was in charge of the organist, Mfrs. Rog- inald Simpson. Beverley Simpson

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scripture Lesson and prayer was

offered by Mrs. Alfred Moore. Special numbers were added to the regular program as follows, recitations by Barbara Stevenson, Margaret Simpson, Ian McCoub- rey and Nellie Andrew; solo by Winnielee Clark and a duet by Elizabeth Brooklns and Doris An- drew; 3. chorus by the junior girls. Mrs. George Cough gave a challenging address based on the theme: "Why do we need I Sun- day school?" which revealed how important it is that parents should encourage regular attend- ance.

The beginners gave an exercise and sang "Jesus Loves Me." and Mrs. Gough then asked them questions from the Catchecism which were readily answered.

A beautiful pageant, "The King of Glory," was presented by the intermediate claes.. Mrs. and Mlrs. Reginald Simpson pre- sented attractive attendance cards to the pupils of the classes. Mrs. John McNelll and Mrs. Cedric Simpson capably directed the pupils in the learning of their exercises. The offering was re- ceived by Barbara Stevenson and Nellie Andrew.

The Sunday School will be clos- ed until ihe spring. but they Tem- perance lessons were distributed, and also memory work to be pre- pared during recess period. The closing hymn, "Rise Up. 0 M911 01 God" was sung, followed by bene-

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fifth of all United States mental patients are alcoholics". During the period of prohibition in the United States, the average number of persons admitted to mental hospitals in New York State was 204 per year. With a return to the licensed sale of alcohol, the num- ber jumped almost immediately to 852 per year. It seems to be a jus- tifiable conclusion that even if liquor does not cause mental ill ness it aggravates it.

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Questions

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2. What are the anaesthetic ef- fects of alcohol when it is taken into the body?

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Cf-iARLO'lTE'liOW'N Painting Presented To Cavendish School

An impressive ceremony was held in Cavendish schoolhouse on the afternoon of October 28. when the

L of Avonlea Women's In- stitute presented a beautiful paint- ing of 9. local scene, the work of Miss L. Hazard. to the school. in loving memory of Mrs. Allan Wy- and, who had devoted much thought and time to the improve- ment of the school. .,

Miss Mary Stewart presided. opening the service with the Is- land Hymn. Mrs. M. J. Doyle in a very fitting discourse explained the reason for the gathering, which consisted of Institute members, friends and loved ones, as well as Miss Robin, Mrs. Manning and Mrs. Herring.

Mrs. Jeremiah Simpson was then called upon to unveil the memorial, and two minutes of silence followed. several offered their tribute to this beloved de-

parted member, whose memory will live on. Mrs. Ralph Burdett, on behalf

of her pupils, extended thanks for this beautiful picture which will adorn the class room.

After the singing of "The Queen" 3 delicious lunch was served by the members.

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New Glasgow and Vicinity

The many friends of Mr. Hunt- ley Dingwell are hapPY to know he has made a complete recovery from an attack of virus pneumonia.

Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Hill have returned from their honie-ymoon and will shortly take up residence in Hunter River.

Mrs. 0. C. LePage and Miss Edna LePage have returned to their home in the City, after spending a few days at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Warfield Orr.

Mrs. George Dlckieson (nee Ruth Dickieson) who has spent the past couple of months at her old home here visiting relatives and renewing many friendships has returned toiher home in Van- couver.

Mr. George H. Robertson was a recent visitor at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Warfield Orr.

Mr. Billie Andrew. accompanied

by his sister, Miss Nellie. attended the concert in Granville recently.

Mrs. Murray Orr and her little daughter Paulette are on a ex- tended visit to Toronto. where they are the guests of Mrs. 0rr's sis- ter. Mrs. Robert Young and Mr. Young.

During the fall holidays Mayfield School was entered by some destruct- tive persons, who left the school in an unpleasant condition for pupils and teacher to resume work. It is to be hoped the culprits will soon receive their just reward.