HASZAit‘i1's (i.-\Zla"l"l‘l$, Maiéciids.

SCIENCE AND ARTS. (From Chambers’: Journal.) The progress of railway .in India exceeds all anticipation. The line 0 1000-miles from Cal- cutta to Delhi. for which government gives the land, is advanein at each extremity. ne hund- red and twenty- vs milell from Calcutta! to Ranegungee are 0 n : and another seventy-five miles, to Rajainu nl, will soon be ready. l‘he 400 miles from Delhi to Allahabad are to be ﬁnished in 1857. To travel between those two cities at present takes four days and nights, and costs L.25 ; but by rail, it will be a journey of twenty-four hours, at a charge of L.6. 1‘lio whole line is to be completed in 1859. As England, so in.l_nilia—-die greatest revenue was expected from transport of merchandise; but the pasenger-trafﬁc turns out to be by far the more profitable. The Hiudiios appreciate cheap and re id travellin , as well as ourselves ; an the rai ways seemsliikely, more than any other European innovation, to break down distinction of costs, that curse of Eastern society. The ‘ up or ten-thousand,’ as the Americans call them, wished to have trains exclusively to tliem- selves ; but the directors persist in despatching first, second, and third class carriages all in the sam train. ’l‘lie veteran Humboldt has written to the As- tronomical Societ ‘ On Certain ppeiirance connected with the Zodiscal Light ’——drawing attention to new facts connected with that in- teresting phenomenon; from which it appears that this remarkable light is not confined to the west, as was supposed, at has been seen by himself and others in the cast at the same time. The latest observer, Rev. G. Jones, chaplain of the United States’ frigate ./llississippi. during her recent cruise in the China and Japan Seas. reports that he saw the ‘ extraordinary spec- tacle of the zodiacal light, simultaneously at both cost and west horizons, for several nights in succession.’ The conclusion drawn from the sum of his observation will be a startling one to many : it is, that the earth is surround- ed by a nebulous rin lying within the orbit of the iuoon. So, if, a is stated, the ring he coin- plcto and continuous, we linvo for ages been playing the part of a smaller Saturn among our brother and sister planets. couiniunicaticn made to the Entomolo ical Society by Mr. d'Urban of Newport, nenr "xe- ter, will be interesting to all-—and the number is grv.-at—who are concerned in the manufac- ture of silk. He thinks that many species of Bomliyrialr (silk-worms) ore undcservcdly neg- lected, and one, a native of Canada, is likely to stand our climate, and produce silk in consider- able quantities. 'l‘he cocoon is large and well covered, and double—a precaution, doubtless,

kind. in ‘sus ender webbing.’ The sp rattle is so contrive that when one side of apliolo is ;'0V0n. the web runs back, and the other side is 0rI!t_led- Another is for the preparation of gm, sur ace_of' metallic ‘plates for printers, with n iiaercurialamalgsm to Which the ink will not it here; whereby all the trouble now taken by copper and steel-plate rinters to wipe their

-topographical map ofthe vast districts of mines In that parrot unis’; ii’ fourth expedition, provided with forty ehronometers, has to join. first, Moscow with Saratow’: and then this lat- ter town with Astrakhan; and, finally, the great trigonometrical operations in the south- ern port-ofﬂnltsia and in the 'l‘r.tnsc.tu‘casisn provinces are carried on without the least in-

plates after inking will e saved, as the ink nt- taclies itself only to the engraving or atching’ and leaves the other p0l'llUli'0l' the surface free.

worlﬁ; Improvements in knitting and sewin mac Ines are numerous; and one ingenious

n citizen claims 'a design fora. castti,-on ,,,o,,u.

meat for the bead ofgraves, combining the fi - ures of harp and heart, with a recess for tlie insertion of a miniature likeness and inscript- ion, and it locket of liair,’ What no“! '1 ollico of Wusliington has granted altogeticr 250 atoms for churns; from which we may in- for t is approaching perfection of it highly use ful dairy implement. Butter being made with rapidity, involves the necessity—ainong Ameri- cans iit lcast—of a rapid insane for weighing and stamping, and this is accomplished -by it

years. It consists of a scale beam, the weight at one end. a. cup, enamelled inside at the other, in which, by is means of a lever, and and the wooden block or stamp, the lump of butter is weighed, compressed, and delivered in at condition ready for the market, with great rity.

Canada has been so long inconvenienced by a mixed and confused coinage, that mcxisiircs have been taken for reducing all the money of the country to a uniform standard. 'l‘ho legis- lature have authorised ll report on the subject, and passed two resolutions, which we insert here as an cncoura euicnt to the promoters of decimal coinage for In land :—‘ 'l‘hnt after the first day ofJauary 185b, there slmll be but one currcnc of accounts and payment, of which the do] or shall he the unit and standard of value; the public accounts shall he kept in dollars, cents, and mills , and the coinage be equal in intrinsic value to that of the Uiiiied Stttcs.

‘ That the ton of 2240 pounds, the hundred- weight of 112 pounds, the lmlf-hoiiilrt-ilwciglit of’ 51‘: pounds, and the quarter-hundredwcight of 28 pounds. be reduced to a ton of 2000 pounds and its subdivisions.

if, in altering our own standard or system, it could be nssiiiiilatcd to that of Ciiiiml:i and the States, how materially would its lvenclits be in- creased!

'I‘ho llistoriral Society of Quebec is drawing attention to Anticosti asa desirable )l:ICL‘ for colonists and it is surprising.thutan island one

o ‘.3. (3

against, the severity of the Canadian winter. ‘ Could it be made useful,’ says Mr. d'Urban, ‘it would bca great boon, as it must be ii dura- ble material, indeed, to resist the wind and rain of ten months, or even of two or three years, as I have found these cocoons adhering as strong- I as ever to the tree the following sprin after the escape of the moth.’ As the insect will eat leaves ol'thc maple, clioke-clicrry, and Ameri- can plum, there would be ‘no trouble in find- ing food for it in this countr : and,’ r. d‘Urbiin adds, ‘ I do not think t are would be much difficulty in introducing it, as the cocoons could be gathered in an number in Canada and the United States. an sent home by steam- ers, backed in air-tight boxcs ; as sen-air, from my own experience, seems to be fatal to them, it would be hardly possible to send the eggs across the Atlantic; us only two months inter-

vcno between the appearance of the moth and the larva going into cocoon, it is manifest the

eggs must be hatched soon after they are laid ; i I'M‘ |ll0 ‘ W_l11' ll“ P|'0ml‘i°d Slllmnlc i9l‘~‘f;|'“‘i

pun, p'iy in a rapid manner,’ adds: ‘ At this nio-; the moths, were bred in En land, . ment we have already inltussia ab0u¢5000 ml“ the St. John Courier, dated :- e no ‘ or even more, ofgalvanic wires, and are on one’

these eg s are large and oval in shape,and white, ﬁf ' could be ot to further o stncls n obtainin by the end of the following A arrival.’

sit, there would then a supply of silk ugust a ter their

The project for a ship-canal across the leth- mus to connect the two oceans,which was loudly talked of in America it few years ago, is not for- gotten, and we learn ,thnt surveys of the propos- ed route have been made, and notes tsken of the climate, geology, botany, &c., of the re- ion. The plan is, to make use of the Atrato, a

rpad and deep river, nevi bio for seventy miles from its mouth, in the ulfofDarlen, by the largest vessels. At that point, a tributary. the Truando, falls in, which is to be widened and deepened for thirty-six miles, lcavin twenty-five miles, through which a canal woul

tive to be out to reach the Paciflc—this canal to be 200 feet wide,snd thirty feet at low-water. N9 locks will be needed, so that no impediment will he oﬂered to vcsssls passing each other at Ill times: and there are good harbours at each °“"°"l|ly~ The cost of the work is estimated M174.0oo,ooo dollars, which, compared with the nude between the Atlantic and Paciﬁc, would leave it handsome proﬁt, and all the risk ol‘Iie:iting round Cape Horn would be avoided. According to the report published in tho Jour- M! vy the Frrmlrlin Inrliliue, ‘ the federal go- yeripncnt of the United Stutespro uses to veri- J l-Io surveys; and l-‘raiioe and ngland have :.s'<cd to participate ’ Among recent patents taken out in America

fourth larger than Prince Edward island should linve been so long neglected‘ It lies in the Gulf of St Lawrence, about 400 miles below Quebec, has excellent liarbotirs, an is passed every year by the thousands of ves- sels trading to and from Caiiiida. 'l‘ho resour- cos nre—a warm and fertile soil. resting on limestone ; abundance of wood ; and inexhausti- blc fisheries in the surounding seas. Arrangements have been made for flushing Greenwich tiiue by telegraph to Christians once a week, so that merchant-ciiptains in that port ma be able to regulate their chronometcrs correctly—a.nothcr example of the benefits which coiniiierco may derive from science ; on this pnrtit-iilar science is so useful, that :i'l na- tions will avail themselves ofit. 'l‘hc Riissians find time for it, inkpite of hostilities. The as- tronomer the Pulltowa Observatory, near St Pt-torsburg, writin to our astroiioincr-royal

side through Warsaw and Cracow, on the other side through Konigsberg, in connection with the foreign lines; but to make use of these lines for scientific purposes will hardly be possible before the close of the war, for at present all the lines are continuiilly used for official dis- patches. Only one short line has served for scientiﬁc objects. This is the line ofst Peters- burg to Cronstiidt, by which I have to transmit

.\nother is for an ‘ automatic rake’ for harvest

machine which has been in use for nearly two "

gerruption. ' Gleanings from late Papers.

Isiifrinriajr 'l‘ni.u. ii-r run Ciu'sr.u. l’iii..icii.— The following account ofii. trial ofsculcs at the Fair of the American l‘nstituto,'»laeld in the (}rystn_l Palace in New York, is from the Penn- sylvanian. We take pleasure in tron.-il'cri-ing it to our columns. reflecting ‘as it does, great credit upon a wellknown and successful New England manufacturing ﬁrm. We would add thatthe scales manufactured by tho ,\l.-“rs, Fairbanks were taken from their usual stock in ork, and since the account of the trial was published, have been adjudged the best, and‘ it gold medal has been awarded for the larger one and a silver medal for the smaller

2 o 5

no :—

“ We had the pleasure of witnessing, a few days since, an interesting test trial of mrious weighing iiiacbiiies on exhibition at the Fair of the American Institute in the Crystal l’.tlncc. The trial was confined to the relative int.-rils of the celebrated Fairbanks >citles, the scales nianufactured by Diiryce ti: Forsytli, of Roches- tor, N. ., and it newly patented scale, manu- factured at Vcrgcnncs, Vt. 'l‘o test the real merit of the scales, the committee placed upon the platform of ii scale having the capacity of six tone. u. wt-iglit of" 3398 pounds. and then removed the weight to various parts of the platform. With this weight on one cnrlwl‘ of the Vergenncs Scale, the beam indicated 3390 pounds, when placed on the opposite corner the beam indicated only 3377 pounds, showing a difference of’ 13 pounds, and when Y't_'llIii\'(?Ll to the centre of the platform the beam sliowcd " 7 pounds. A request \v.is thcn mad.-, that the weight be again placed on the corner first tried, wliicli was done, iind the weight the benm now indicated was 3352 pounds, sliowing a difference of 8 pounds front the first trial. This variation is attributable in part to the i:sl'l’dI'lgCll|0llt of tho platfovni upon the bc.-ir- ings, which forbids the possibility of its giving correct wtight or agreeing with it.~t-if The test was then applied to a Fiiirl--.iiilts Selle, and when the wt-ﬁght was plat-i-rl on one corn:-r o the p'iilforiu tho lluillll indicated the /I'll!’ twig/il, '1i‘.):i pounds, on the l§f‘t'0l‘i(l and third L‘,Iil'Il0l‘!!, tho result was the ruins : on this fonrtli coru.r, is slight \'i|l'i'.|llull was pci-ccptibli-. So -extr--uicly dcliciitc was the 0llt'l'al.llUll of l".iii'- banks’ .S.::tlc, (capacity six tons.) th-.it, il quarter of at pound weight placed on any part of’ the platforni I‘-ll.‘it.'ll the bi-uni.

A l)ur_\ce cs l~'oi-sytli Smile, of 4f),llfl0 lbs. capacity was next tested, and like the Vcrgvir nes Settle, it failed to give correct wt.-ight, or to agree with it.-it-if; it showed a viiriatioii often pounds when the weight was removed from one corner to another. One of l-‘airbanks small [l’l.1.tforni Scales was then tcslcd with United ,Statcs standard wciglits, and although it had ,bceu in constant use l'or six months, it exhibit- .cd uncrriiig in-ciinit-y. The sealed wt-ighfs §\\'ere then placed on a i~‘lllllltl|' scale ni:inuluc- itnrcd by l)ui'y.-o and Forsytli, but the result :w:is far from s:itisl':ictor_y,—one corner was; ,lialf'u. pound too light. the centre half ii pound '

too licav . and auiotni-.r corner two pounds too

lics.vy.”—Boslon Daily Journal.

In the absence of late and more authentic news, we publish the following telegram from

Alli-‘AX, February 22d.

1 Steamer Elna, from llavre for New York, ‘ ut in here, short ofcoal, at six this evening- nid very rough weiitbcr—brought Paris iind llnvro dates to 5th inst., but no English papers land no news of the Steamer I’ari'_/ii'.

‘ U Moms of French papers unimportant.

'l‘ho Prcssc publish:-s names of’ negotiators about to assemble iit Paris Conference. They are, for France. \Valc\vsl(y and Bear uenny;

is one for weaving button-holes, or holes of any

regularly exact Pulko_wa time to that port, for‘ 1.,-,,g|,,,,,]. ijim-¢,,,,]o,, and gowiey; ,,m.,,,‘ the purpose of regulating the rates of t ic cliro- 1;,,,,| and [ubueg-5; '1'“,-key, An p,,,,|,3 ma nouieteru Of 0“! IN"!-' Meheinet Djmil y; Sardinia, Dazeglio , What follows, presents another kind of intor- Russia, 0rloﬂ' and Brunow, set. The writer, r. 0. Struve, proceeds : ' It! lt is still current at Paris, that Prussia will is really remarkable, that the war, until now, , not be rmitted to participate. Prince Garte- has not exercised the least influence on the pro- chako , when signing the protocol at Vienna, gross of any scientific pursuit for which the formally iiccepting_Austrian propositions, do- support of government is wanted. it the eon- niand_ed. that russia should be invited to take trary, the energy elicited by the state of war in‘ part Ill the Oonferences. Count Buol sup rt- one rincipsl direction. has given rise also to a ed the demand, but M. Burgnenay and rd development of energy in many other respects. Seymour had asked to refer it to their respec- This will he proved, in part, by ii. short cnumer-} live governnienn_i._ The acceptance, by Russia, ntion of the principal geographical undcrtnk-luf‘ peace propositions, had caused the greatest ings, in the arrangeincnt of direction of which autoni.-ihnn-nt in Turkey. On the 19th, it bad we had to take part this year [i853]. First Iiotyvet reached the allied gvnei-ale, owing to started from here in numerous party, under the the subniavine cable in the lllack Sea being direction of Mr. Scliwarz, for the exploration, bro on. of Eastern Siberia; i-.nother party was sent to‘ Smile ilistiii-lianccs had been created by the mo steppe: of the Kirghis ; a third, under the l_i.t*4lii liasouks at Sliuiiila. pl‘r‘0.'lal direction of Dollen, had to_fix the exact It was rep-ii-ti--I that a serious military con. oogr;ipliic.il positions of ii large nuiiibcv of RIill'll.'t‘_‘v’ at Madrid, with I'.Il|llllcltlliIIlt<l throiigli

points situated in or near the Uni Moniitains, the .\orth of Spain had been discovered--par-' Ulttllﬂlllﬁ l."lW.

to form a base for the construction ofan exact iicnl.ii-u not givcn. . ' Not it particle of any kind of English news-

gra hic I ttcr f W~ ‘ tlielieceipi in thdoclilt ofutiiiintsitzi-up cfhg: of the English news y the mail steamer’ 3..

da, in allusion to the re rtsd ’ ' '1-°|'d C10-'|'0ndon and MrI.)oBuchaan'ii‘iir’sa‘;;riit.h:’ there has bednl no important obriiespopiience between the two Governments, since tho"datg of the President's message, “ which would provoke any extreme opinions or sea ns."

t ‘says also, that no formal been _made by Lord Clarendon to ref r the qucstiontof the inter rotation of the entrnl American treaty to t ‘e arbitration of powers ‘but that Lord Clarendc ' proposition about a year ago, ins and that Mr. Buchanan replied, that there was only one potentate whom the United" States would ucccit as an arbitrator, and that was the Emperor Nicholas of Russia, with whom Great Britain was at war. The author of the despatch intimates, that Lord Clarendotciuay have renewed the offer. Lord Clarendon stated expressly in his speech in Parliament, that the proposition had eon renewed, and that he hoped the Government of the United States would agree to it. _ it must be unfortunate for the United States, ifainong more than a dozen foreign govern- nicnts,from whom we receive Ministers of’; rank above that of Charge d‘ Afliiircs, and to whom we send Ministers of equal rank in re- turn, there is but one which we can trust to decide a question of this nature, and that one hsippviis to beat war with Great Britain. It lSllIUl‘L‘0\’(‘.l’ a poor compliment to the otier powers, with whom we are on terms of amity, to iirikon declaration of so extraordinary It want of confidence in them.

The question at issue between the two §;l~\'0l‘l'iIilt.'niD, being simply one of the tiue con- srfuction of the language of a treaty drawn up \\ ith great care to avoid uiisconsfruction, would sci.-ui to be one, compared with all others, must proprr to be decided in this way, and it is to be hoped, that if" the proposition should he declined when made a second time, it will be for some better reason than that there is no fort-igu govcrnincut in which the United States can confide for the equitable porforinance of po simple ii. service as that ofdctcrniining the true incttningofii. carefully written document- zigri.-ed to and signed _by the accredited agents of" the two portion, and ratified by their rcs cc- tivc go\criiiiients.—-Bus. Daily Ads. Feb. 2 .

l.<:i.'ic, my dear son," said Mrs. Pan- iiiglmi “ l)L'lli_'_§~S you have good larnih' and know all about flit: course of human t:\'L‘l|l§, can't you it'll me if Scvuster Pool, about whom the papers talk so much now- :i-iliiys, is any relation to Bill Pool, who \\'.'is l\'lllf.fll in New York. ”

“ l‘ll be with you in a crack,” as the iillc-bull said to the lrugct.

lVlAlNE luiw IN New Yoiur.

A recent number of the New York Tribune -_-ivrs the l'ollowini_v oliscrvatii-nsoo the working of the Proliiliilory Liquor Law in tliutﬁlnle :—

fhe l'rii-lads ol pI'0lIilll'ilNl, who are 1 large m-jorily of the people out of our Stile having any ll riilcil opinion on the snl-jcci, not only ulhold the e.-seniial principles of‘ the present Act. but //Hy mum lo slam! by this Law, mm’! its provisions are et'iryw/icre enforced an ' Whoever .~a)'5 or iusmiizites the contrary is 3 uiiful fslsiﬁor. 'l‘he l|tlVOClil9S of prolnhiiion have confidence in lmlll the people sail the coints, and are certsin ufuliiinsie triuir.pli. If the courts should knock a (‘o'm-r offonr present law, they will restore or replace it to the test of Ilieir ability, always with -feleiem-e to judiri.-il authority. lfllic rumsellers should buy a legislature, we shall rally and carry its successor, able sud eiiuer to undo all the mis- ¢-hiefit has wroughr. ‘ But we do not fear the chmcc, a min lc«_iis‘nture or an outlay of l00,000 dollars, which is all that the l=quuI' interest have been able to rinse for this fall's canvass.

As lo the enforcement of the law, there is no dcmur or liesiisiion among its friends. ver twe- lhinls of the state, it is this day perfect. In the residue, it has been temporarily defeated by a conspiracy of mayors, recoiili-rs, judges, and others to trample it under his is inevitably a transient evil. 'l'lie decision of. the Court of Appcsls on the lsw-points raised under it, end the choice of s new legislature to uphold sod strengthen it, will sweep sway the int hiding- places of the desolsling ufilo. We us already freed from the curse of licensed vum-selling; a few months more will place as in a position to stop the unlicensed as well. Patient snd perseve- .iag effort will soon secure the end of our life-long struggle.

The flow. ll. \\'. Btrehcr. alluding to dill"culIicI I'xpellPlit‘.(~(i in exec-iiiing the law, in the city o

New York, concludes by oh.-I-rving:—"What shall be done? The friends of 'l'cmpc'raixco have I- plsiiii wink lmfom them. liv pzuimicn and persev- rsnce, v-xv-rtrd Ilinitwlt _\'l"AlS nml :i-_v:iiusI on-at opposition, Iliv-y lnninpbi-il and uroiiiim-cl .1 goal

Iiiw. Now. by Il.c sauiu ililiurma anal the some patience. they must 8f7t‘ltl0 tho rigiﬁtxnicn to exo- 'l‘his will be dug’ .It is onlyl question of time." t - .

A I_

max ‘ ' Tun Cur-i-o.v AND Bucwss TItufp.—,A g.i._