a:

_<_<‘j.—.'§.

Eh: Guardian

Covers" PM ":Ifc'driih‘ ‘fi'l‘nila‘lniéi’ ‘i‘h’é‘

W. J. Hanson. Publisher Burton Lewis “n” H“ FrankNWalkpr Ixocufrva Editor Editor.

Published ovary week day morning (eucpi Sun- days and aflfulory holidays) at I65 Prince Slrcat. Charlottetown, P.E.l.. by Thomson Newspapers Ltd. Branch officas at Summerside, Montague. ton and Souria.

Represented nationally by Thomson Newspaper- Advertising Servicvs Toronto, 425 University Ava. Emplf. 3-8894 Montreal. 6:10 Carlicarl Slieci. UNivarsity 6-5942; Wesmrn oiiice. I030 Wu! Goorgia Street. Vancouver (WA 7037).

Member Canadian Association and The Canadian Press. the Canadian Prcss is exclusively enlilled lo the usa i0! rapun' lication of all news dispaici-es II-i; papa: credited lo it or no llrc Associa-nd Press or Rou- ters, and also lo the local news puhl shed her.- In. All rights on republication of SpeClaI dispaicbaa herein also reserved. Subscription rates:

Nel over 35: per week b/ carriar.

$11.00 a your by mail or rural routes and areas

no! serviced by can-er.

“4.00 a your oil Island and UK. $20.00 per yaar in U.S. and elsewhere ounidc British Com- monweallh.

Nol over 7: per single copy. Member ituchi lilllr'mll of Chrolalion.

alimony. KPRII. 1.19111.

new?“ New Light On Bomarcs

New light has been thrown upon the. nuclear weapons controversy in the federal campaing by the extraordinary statements made on Friday by [7.8. Defense Secre- tary McNamara in testimony before a congressional committee. All of his statements have not been re- leased for publication, but he is quoted as saying that one use of the Boniarc :«Illllsilli‘Cl'ilI‘I weapons is to draw enemy ballistic missile fire in the event of war. 'I‘hese weapons, he said, have turned out to be “a very expensive target” for this pur- pose, and he would remove them altogether except that their annual maintenance costs are no more than $20 million a. year.

It. will be recalled that when Prime Minister Dicfcubakcr claim— ed the Bomarcs no longer effective for defense purposes, he was blast- ed by the VS. State Department for misrepresenting the facts. The Bomarc squadrons in Canada. we were assured, were meant for the protection of Toronto and Montreal as well as for the US.

Noi a word was said in the State Department's release about Mr. Mc— Namarra’s revelations that these weapons. “at the very least, would cause the Soviets to target missiles against. them and thereby increase their missile requirements or draw missiles onto those Bomarc targets that would otherwise be. available for other targets.”

Now Washington claims that Mr. McNamara’s reference to deficien- cies in the. Romarc system applies only to those missiles in the boiled States and not to those. in Canada. The department considers the two Canadian Bomarcs “well dispersed” and their electronic aiming system "well protected." But that isn't what; Mr. McNamarra said. In giving his testimony. he did not differentiate between US. and Canadian Bomarcs.

election

Uncovering The Past

A Polish archaeological mission has been Working in Nubia, and has made an interesting discovery dur- ing excavations beneath a 17th century Islamic fortress located near the town of Paras, in the Su- dan. Previous work on the site had revealed the ruins of a floplic church dating back to the 7th cen- tury.

According to the leader of the expedition, a Wa rs a w university professor, the importance. of the murals will have far-reaching con- sequences on our present knowledge of Razantine art. The paintings, relics of the Roman Empire. in the Orient. are. in perfect, condition and are the first of their kind to be discovered. They throw light on an important stage in the history of Nubia.

The frescoes, as well as numer- ous inscriptions in Coptic and Greek found on the walls of the church. relate to the history of "Bahoras", the capital city of the region and of the priests to whom the rulers of the “United Kingdom” of Nubia and Sudan delegated their authority. The residence and burial of these priests, who wielded both civil and religious .power, have also been excavated.

Other discoveries include a. pot- tery works which constituted an "art school” of the period; porcelain

‘neliea, brbnzc plaques with religious inscriptions, gold and silver crosses, and—hidden beneath the altar of the churchL-utenaila node of a kind

Albar- I

: .-. n, - ., 5 ' kind rarely‘ make

Daily Newspaper Publishers I

glass with gold powder, tha quality of which reveals an extraordinarily

I Finds of this ' the headlines, but they are of in- ‘ estimable ' value 'to 'stud'ents -of 'his- tory, which has been described as “the essence of innumerable bio- graphics." The people to whom these relics pertain have long since van- ished from the earth. but the record of their culture. their occupations, and their aspirations remains. Noth- ing is more. exciting to the imagin- ative mind than archaeology, which has made tremendous contributions to history in recent yu‘ars. It is one science that is being followed dis- intereslcdly on both sides of the Iron Curtain. bringing light into the dark recesses of the past to make the future more intelligible and more purposeful.

Lower Mortality Rate

It is something of a jolt to be reminded that just 25 years ago the death rate attending childbirth was many times what it. is now. The, reminder of the improvement in this field came, from a panel at the Canadian Medical Association's an- nual meeting in Winnipeg recently. Other showed that once a child is born, it can look forward to a longer life span than any of its ancestors.

statistics

On this subject the Health Ilea- gtie of Canada notes that a (‘aiia— dian male baby at birth can expect to live 67.6 years, a female baby 72.9 years. if the male baby sur- vives the first year. it has life ex- pectancy of 69 years and a female baby 74 years. And the baby's chances of surviving during this critical period were never better.

In 30 years the infant deal It rate. has dropped by 60 per cent. in Canada. In 1931 lb ere were 42 deaths per 1,000 live births. In 1960 this mortality rate had dropped to JR. Rut it is noted. also. that (.‘an- ada‘s birth rate has been dropping slightly since 1959. That year births hit a record high of 479,274. In 1960 the number declined to 478.551 and last year it dropped again to 471.- 000. a decrease of about one per cent from 1960.

. The Health League also reports that Newfoundland had the. highest; birth rate in 1961, with 30.5 live births per 1,000 population; Alberta. had 28.5; New Brunswick 28.4; Prince Edward Island 26.8: Nova Scotia 26.2; Quebec 25.8; Ontario 25.7; Saskatchewan 25.6; Manitoba 25.5; and British Columbia 23.6.

Deep Water Drilling

Some. day, perhaps. there will be another and more successful at- tempt to drill for oil in the waters off this I‘rovince. It's there. the ex— ports say, but it‘s too hard to get at. Now, in the American southwest, under-water drilling has been using new techniques and vastly increas- ing the world's oiI i'cscl'vcs. The Shell Oil Company has designed a. robot underwater unit and a float- ing surface drilling base that. makes it feasible to seek and produce oil in water of any depth.

Previously, underwater oil ex- ploration was done by so—called Texas tower units that; rested on the ocean floor and thus were limit- ed to relatively shallow water near shore. Shell says it is already using its new equipment in the Gulf of Mexico in water 300 feet deep. Winds of 65 miles an hour and waves 28 feet: high did not prevent use of the stabilized floating plat- form.

So far, it is explained. this equip- ment has been used solely in ex- ploration. But. once an oil-field deemed economical for sustained production is found, these units could be used to pump oil through flexible pipes to barges or tankers.

° EDITORIAL NOTES

Gardening, We note, is now part: of the regular curriculum in rural primary schools all over Ethiopia. A most rewarding part, too, for all concerned.

0

“The word 'disairmament' is pretty suspect. It has come to mean ‘softness’, ‘unpreparedness’, . ‘ap~ peasemcnt’. Everyone says he’s for disarmament, but discuss it as a ser- ious hope and you’re likely to be patronized as 'unrealistic’. It’s hard to believe, but self-preservation has become a controversial issue."—Dr. Jemima B. Wieaner. President Ken-

» nedy'a tap admtfie ,I

t t

r. "I .

l

Bears Ara Used. "ImEchrimanls i u u. w I. veer?“

Then are two million persona in the United States with off- spring over 6 years of age. This means that In some families. two generations are drawing ao- clll Iecurlty: and four or five generations could be living un- der one roof. The tendency la likely to bier-ease, considering

u in er of teen-age mar- rlasca.

In my opinion. It is unwise for more than one or two genera- tion to live together. But thera Is no need for concern because familiea are getting farther and farther a p a rt In theta changing times. Many parents move Into an efficiency apart- ment as soon as their children marry. they d do so in a hurry before the married teen- ages find that paying. rent Is more expensive than they antl- clpated,

The similarity between bears and men may offer a new ex- perimental animal for aviation crash- study programs. T h e s e animals are somewhat compa- rable to humans In size and shape. and they walk upright.

0 used. to the satisfaction of the air force. Both were ejected at high altitudes and speeds. and parachuted safely to the ground. Yogi. a black hear, was safer ejected (In a capsule) mm a planevfly g I 45.000

THE BIRDS OF SPRING

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

The Democratic Rig hIOI Free Choice

While “to arm or not to arm ,

with nuclear weapons" has be- come the most flamboyant issue in this election. the‘interested corps of foreign diplomats here rates as: the most phony issue the irrc'evant demand for “a stable government” - meaning one mammoth party.

NW” leader Tommy Douglas quipped dcbunkingly: "The Ll- bci'al Government was so stable for 2’32 years that it never mov- ed." lint the extreme opinion was expressed by a Knight from Newfoundland. Sir Leonard Out~ erbridge. who preclaimed that it would be "little short of ca]- amity" if (‘anadians "fail" to e‘cct one majority party.

Foreign observers here draw on their own experience in ex~ plain that any parliament, haw- ever splintered. can a ways yield a stable government If the politicians show statesmanship. Look at liitle Denmark they suggest. which with six parties in its parliament is governed ad- mirably by a coalition of three of them.

ALAS FOR MR. KING

Behind this specious Issue lurks the ha-lct’ul ghost of the late Prime Minister Mackenzie King. He imposed several here- sics upon our parliamentary sys- tem, which have done much to brim: our politicians to the low eslccni in which their fellow Canadians now hold them, in the opinion of leading constitu- iional authorities here.

And It was King who pushed aside the widely accepted open coalition between parties. In- stead, he swallowed up splinter groups and achieved an appar- ently homogeneous party which was In fact a secret coalition

‘ working out its compromise! in

For example. it was King I who created the heresy that . every vote in the House of Com-

mons is equivalent to a vole of .

confidence in the government. so any defeat must lead to the ne- signatim of that

a defeated prime

government. I he established the .

minister is entitled to demand;

the dissolution of parliament and an election, (in the con- trary. by tradition and by com- mon practice. a young parlia- ment should not be dissolved. In- stead another prominent states- man should be invited h try to form a government capable of

enjoying the confidence of tire:

House.

PUBLIC FORUM

This coiumn ls open I0 the discussion by correspondents of questions of terest. The Guardian does not neces- lhe npln on of carton

ject to cdmng and necessary. The Guardian Is unable Ir- ‘lcr into any correspondent. reg-I'll- lng lcllers submitted.

#

GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES

Sin-«In r ard to the above mentioned topic it is interesting to learn that various provincial governments of Canada offer their encouragement to sectarian institutions I universities) learning by means of generoul grants. For example. in New Brunswick the University of Mount Allison (United Church of Canada) at Sackville, and St. Joseph‘s University (Roman Catholicl at Moncton are both to receive grants shortly.

In Nova Scotia. Acadia Unl- verslty (Bamistl. the University of King‘s College (Anglican). Dalhousic University (non-sectar- Ian). and st. ran 'vier University (Emma Catholic) are included In a recent prov- incial grant to universities.

Provincial grants on a larger scale are given In . universities In Quebec and Ont- ario as well as in other prov- Incas.

In the Maritime Provinces Io

allies. Poulbly

government will make a begin.

film at Its mutant session

to fall In line with other pm- 8‘

NW.

‘ “Auntie. .‘

. All tellers published are nub : con ensaiion when 1 SI

the secrecy of caucus.

Foreign diplomats. accustom- ed to muItI-party politics oper- ating smoothly in their own

countries. are amazed by the :

undemocratic o u I cry against. "third parties" here. Canada. they feel, is too diverse_ too big. with our varying geographical, racial. and occupational inter- ests. to expect to attain homo- geneous political parties. If 4.- 000.000 Danes living in a land little larger than Vancouver Is-

land, find It beneficial to have ‘

six political parties, how could we expect twoparties to repre- sent all Canadians HOW COALITIONS GOVERN Just like the great parties in the big USA, like the Mackenzie King Liberals and the 1958 Diet- embaker Party. a dominant party here can on‘y be a concealed coalition of diverse clcm e n t 5. Better by far to have an open coalition of separate parties re- presenting special intercsts and views, such as every other par-

WiIson’s Washington Visi’r

By Carmen Cumming Canadian Press staff Writer

Harold Wilson. Britain's new Labor party chief. will be sub- jected to scrutiny as intense as it is diplomatic when he opens talks In Washington with U.S, leaders today.

The Americans wi‘l be taking Wilson's measure as the man who could within a year or so be the leader of their major ally. And there are some poll' cles of the 47-year-old politician- economlat that they‘re clearly nervous about.

In essence. the Americans are wondering what Britain's pos- ture will be with regard to the Communist bloc if 1: Labor gov- ernment takes office In elections

that must be held before Octo- : I

ber of next year.

I WILL BE CHANGES

Wilson has proposed a num-I

her of changes that seem at

.first glance designed to shift

I

I t

i I

I I I

Britain closer to a centre posi- tion between the US. and Bus-

not be so radical. He has urged the admission Communist China to the

0 United Nations—but so has Brit- v

ain's Conservative government.

He has called for Increased trade with the Communist bloc, but here again his difference with the Conservative govern- ment appears to be only one of

degree.

He has called for an end to what he calls the Conservative government's "vain nuclear posturing" and renegotiation of the "sham" Nassau agreement of last December under which Britain agreed to buy U.S. Po- laris missiles.

He Is Irrevocably committed to ending Britain's Independent nuclear detemnt. But he Is rc- portld to have an open mind mu President Kennedy’s pro- posed multilateral NATO nu- clear force,

GUARD SAFETY CATCH

He has said that Britain. while getting out of the nuclear busi- ness, must keep a finger on safety catches that could head off a Soviet-US. war. ‘

At the same

mean. Perhaps Wilma sharpest dif- fan-urea Ha view that tho '0‘ M in

a_ ‘ In oilfecl. however. they may '

,liamentary democracy in the world has frequently experienc- ‘ ed in the past 100 years.

This is “The Unnecessary El- Iection“. The voters of Canada asked last June for volunteers for the task of administering our l public affairs. We offered a

wage - not very generous - and

we made our choice. expecting ‘ them to carry on for five years. - As the Kamioops "Sentinel" so apt-5y and wifiily cditorialized they should have put their heads together on pain of having them knocked together by the electors. i In short, they should have been statesmen enough to organize an operable coalit ion. Instead of. putting us to the expense and. disruption of a n o t h a r elec- tion within a year.

In this great Issue. the Kam- Ioopa‘ “Sentinel” has given the electors better guidance than the . Knight of Newfoundland. Let the ’electors express their own op-

0

feet andat a Speed of 1.060 mil-

our.

the similarity between bears and men has been ques~ tloned. Although they can hug and e are mu h

different from other animals_ 0 new techniques for meas- uring fat in humans and In ani- mals were reported last month by the New York Academy of Sciences. Inert gases. cyclopro- pane and on. are introduc- ed Into healthy individuals in harmless, minute doses. The two gases are absorbed by the body and tend to dissolve In fat mass-

Black bears have been .

ea. The quantity of gas taken up by the body offers an estimate of the amount of fat.

The other method employs ul- trasonic measuring and Is used to determine back fat depth in pigs and cattle. The technique resembles radar In that th data are collected from echo In- formation.

ACNE AND NERVES

Mrs. K_ writes: Can nervous-

nes . e cne. ltyear‘ old daughter has this skin disor'

er.

‘ REPLY

Yes, In that emotional upsets often aggravate skin disorders. Vice versa also 13 true. The many causes of and remedies for acne are covered in our leaf- let on this an bje cf. Send stamped. self- addressed enve- lope for this leaflet.

ALCOHOL HEATS SKIN

1.. W, writes: My friend and I have an argument about each

‘ Inions, and send to Parliament .whichever representatives they idemocratlcally select - without being bamboozled out of their democratic right of free choice by all this talk of government stability being dependant upon the creation of one huge party i I of whatever stripe.

It is to achieve a new deal in ‘ Berlin. Posrlile concessions he I has cited include partial recogni-

tion of East Germany or formal . Western recognition of Polish lownership of ormer rman ‘ territory east of the Oder-Nleiase

I prepared to make concessions If I

‘ line occupied after (the Second World War.

In any event. Wilson has made ' clear that he want: no bad blood I with Washington. I I

Our Yesterday’s

(From the

TWENTY - FIVE YEARS AGO ‘ (April 1, 1933)

A "story" of the appearance and disappearance of a “phan- itnm ship" In Northumberlau Strait Wednesday night was discussed, explained, and term-

Guardian Files)

cd "fiction" as it continued its round of Prince Edward Island ,: residents yesterday. 1

Song leader Bill Brown put I ; over a "swell" sing I the ' Prince Edward Theatre last eve- I nlng, The fourth in a series of Community sings. which b a v e been offered to Charlottetown by the Toronto Star Weekly in ,co- operation with CFCY. a n broadcast from the Prince Ed~ ward Theatre. TEN YEARS AGO (April I, 195!)

The Scoulers' Club executive met Sunday afternoon In the banquet room of the Rendezvous to make plans for the forthcom- ing meeting of the club. George Fisher. District 8 c out Commissioner for Queens was the guest speaker.

MANCHESTER, Eng—(C?)— Twnety-four Sabre jets from the RCAF': Nol fighter wing at North Luffenham joined Wed- nesday in a fly-past over Man- chester. marking the 83th birth- day anniversary of the RAF.

. I

fails. I say they warm you up but he says It's just the oppos- lte. Please explain.

REPLY

Alcohol diverts body heat to the akin, causing flushing or even sweating. But the inside body temperature doesn't go up.

BABY BONES

I. M, writes: Isn’t It true that a small baby (six months old) can fall off the bed and break a bone? My husband thinks thIsI the silliest thing he ever heard ; of. ‘

REPLY ' I Breaking a bone Is never a silly thing. even when It occurs In a six - month infant. Bones have been broken even during birth. WRONG PASSAGEWAY C. M. writes: Can you explain why the muscles of my stomach are weak and get tangled up with my windpipe that leads to the stomach?