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SAQE_E%*__ _

HQTHE GUARDIAN

__'-lé1‘!p.ARY _4.g19.47 . _

riir F ~ ciuiiiorrrriiwii GUARDIAN

Morning Daily (P0011000 lfl 11137)

Author‘ " as Second Class Mall. Pool Office _ Department. Otter"- Preoldent, Ian A. Burnett; Vice-kreoident. Win. IL Burnett; Secy.-Trens., G. M. Burnett; 51ml" M"! “gagging Director, J. B. Burnett; Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

‘TITheF Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

Philly. JANTJVARY a. rolii

llltizenshio lleremonies

The coming into effect on January 1 of the Canadian Citizenship Act is the reason for the Canada-wide ceremonies WlilCll. commence at Charlottetown on Monday and will caiitltlllfl across the Dominion throughout the week. The Act, as its name implies, provides for the estab- lishment and recognition of Canadian citizen- ship. Formerly the only definition of Canadian citizenship was to be found in the Immigration Act. In future all Canadian passports will carry the words "Canadian citizen." The _A_Cl maintains and recognizes tho status of British subjects with the advantage that Canadian citi-

zenship papers viilhbe supplied upon request after the legal period_of residence. Once‘ in possession of citizenship papers the recipients

will have the right of entry into Canoddand to Canadian diplomatic protection. Recognition of the status of British subjects is shown lit. clauses of the Act which provide that all British sub- jects ncw in Canada are declared to be Can- adian citizens. ln the case of women the Act recognizes their right to decide their own na- tionality. Previously women have been classed as persons under a disability and automatically assumed the nationality of their husbands. A Canadian woman who marries a man of_ _any other nationality may retain Canadian citizen- ship if she so desires.

The ceremonies to be held next week are simple and dignified, intended to' indicate how essential to Canadian life are the COIHIDUHOIIS of all the Provinces, all cultural groups and all Canadians, new and old. The welcoming of new citizens into the community _will be a part of each ceremony, a matter which has been more or less neglected in this country but on which other countries lay much stress.

This Province being largely populated by pioneer stock. from the Old Country _and France, there is perhaps less interest taken in the plans

l for formally welcoming new citizens. Yet there can be no doubt as to the importance of tllfie ceremonies. Citizenship in this great free land of unlimited possibilities means a great deal t0 those who accept Canada as their future home, and it should also mean a great deal to us, who have been born into the heritage, so to speak.

Tho ceremonies arranged at the Armouries

' and the Confederation Chamber here on Monday afternoon will be the first to be broadcast over Canada, and will be short and interesting. As many of our citizens as can conveniently attend should make it a point to do S0-

llyiidinan 8i 0o. Ltd.

This year is {the seventy-fifth oiinivefiflfl’ cf the founding of that well-known insurance business of Messrs. Hyndman 8r Co. Ltd., Char- lottetown. This is a somewhat unique event, as the average life time of businesses in Canada is said to be only forty Yeflfs- The HYM‘ man business was founded in 1372 llY ll" l9“ Mr. Fred Hyndman on his retirement from tllfl Royal Navy, and has been carried on success- ively by his son Mr. John O. Hyndman, and l"! grandson, Mr. F. Walter Hyndman. M_r- J01"! has been associated with the firm for fifty-four years, and MrI'Walter_for over twenty years. This old firm is still going strong, and lfl_5l Yal" transacted the largest business in its history'-

vi lin

This is the time of year when everyone is calendar conscious. The World Calendar As- sociation recalls that we use as our time-table of the years the Gregorian calendar, first pro- mulgated by Pcpe Gregory Xlll in 1582. We are also reminded that the previous calendars used by the world, apart from almost innumer- able religious calendars, have been those devis- ed by the Egyptians in 4236 B. C., the first sun-

, seasonal calendar," by Julius Caesar, known as v . the Julian, which introduced the leap-year day j and was instituted in 45 B. C., by Emperor Aug- :'f~ ustus, dated 8 B.C.; by Emperor Constantine in ‘ "l 321 A.D., which incorporatzl 131-: seven-day f l’ week; and by Pope Gregory Xlll in 1582, whose ' revision set the year right with the seasons but which was not accepted by England until 1752, Japan 1873, China 1912, the Soviet 1918, Greece I923 and Turkey 1927.

The proposed World Calendar retains the familiar 12 months. In its arrangement it rec- ognizes the equal quarter of the year, corre- spending approximately to the seasons, and it i; .l provides a uniform pattern for all quarters with r months of 31-30-30 days. Each quarter thus

“ has 91 days or l3 weeks or 3 months. Each ' month has 26 week-days plus Sundays. Holidays ‘i aro fixed as to day aiiil date. This takes care V, , of 364 days. ‘ ‘ An ‘oxtra day, tho 365th, tho Yoor-Erid Day, r lo o World Holiday, dodicotod to international friendship and pooco, denominated W of 31 Docombcr. In loop yoors another oiitra day, ' tho 366th, is or tlio ond of Juno, in rriid oar. _In = this manner tho calendar is balanced an stabil- o

f‘ 1.‘-

‘From 1921 to 1937 tho Loaguo of Nations considered ovor 500 proposed colander ro- foriris. _Flnolly tlro Looguo conducted o rotor- oodooi so oroinbor orid non-mombor notions with i’ *0 " u." on

fl. f0 V 7 ' u.‘ l m» Included Nor- Ho and Estonia 1n

, Porii, lrozlLlUroguoy, Panama

i ‘_ lo Lotlo America, Torhoy and Af-

ghanistan in the NeorhEast and China in the Far East.

The immediate task for full presentation- of the subject, its study and an opportunity to register the decision of the nations of the world is the responsibility of the United Nations.

.- EDITURIAL NOTES —

Tomorrow Second Sunday after Christmas.

lt is good news the Government and Mr. J.

A. Gillies have for hog raisers. There is money in the business, provided always that feed is within reason in price. d‘ "I

i

"From Janitor to President, everyone reads‘ daily newspapers," writes a business man in‘ sending best wishes for health and prosperity

in the New Year. i i

or a

Senator Carine Wilson, Ottawa, is visiting Saint John on Tuesday in connection with the Canadian Women's lnstitute's presentation of a canteen to the Swedish Save the Children Fund. She will be accompanied by Mrs. Pcr' Wiikman, wife of the Swedish Minister to Can- ada, who will accept the gift and have it ship- pod to Sweden from Saint John.

w w

Monday, Citizenship Day, and a Provincial, though not a Federal holiday. The King Gov- ernment, by order-iri-council, could have pro- claimed a national holiday but did not do so, leaving it to the Provincial Government to do‘ the needful. Mail couriers will be on their

rounds as usual.

on-o

lt seems unnecessary and undesirable that The Canadian Press should violate the secrecy of the penitentiary to ploy up to the depraved curiosity of those who want to know how those in "durance vile" are occupied. There is routine and discipline in prison life, and those who are paying the penalty for their offences should be left free from the prying eyes of outsiders.

i l 1 l About 70% of London's children have been immunized against diphtheria. l0 years ago the death-rate was seven times as heavy as it is now. The improved health of London's chil- dren is partly due to school meals and the pro- vision of milk daily—151,346 benefitted from the latter in 1945. i

t O l

ln a Royal Canadian Navy press release reference is made to the frigate "Charlotte- town" which visited coastal ports in British Col- umbia and southern Alaska during the past year, and on which the Pacific Coast members of the R. C. N. V. R. were given sea training.

Q Q i I

At the beginning of 1947 it is estimated that the strenBth of the Royal Canadian Navy is in the vicinity of 8,600 of an authorized peace- time complement of 10,000. The Navy is re- cruiting new entries and re-entries at the rate of about Z00 a month, while applications for entry are amounting to more than 2,000 a month.

w w

Sir Isaac Pitmon, inventor of a popular system of shorthand writing, born this date 1813; and whilea schoolmaster at Wotton-Under-Edge, published his Sfenographic Sound Hand in 1837, a hundred and ten years ago; he thereafter de- voted his life to popularizing his system, and also to spelling reform; was Knighted in 1894.

The British Lord High Chancellor, Baron Jowitt, who has been raised to a Viscountcy, was formerly a Liberal member of Parliament who wont Labour in 1929. His father was the Rev. William Jowitt, rector of Stevenage, and when he was created a Baron and made Lord High Chancellor, he chose as his designation Baron Jowitt of Stevenage. He is now Vis- count but has no male heir to succeed to the title having only one daughter.

I i’ “I i

We imported by Borden Cor Ferry 2,550 more cars of freight last year than we did iri 1945, which shows we have plenty money for consumer needs. On the other hand our ex- ports showed an increase of 82 cars over the same route. We must bear in mind the export via the Ncrthumberlarid Ferries has to be added to this, which will bring a much high-er total. Altogether we have much to be thankful for as regards the prosperity of the past year.

The threat of Agricultural Minister Gard- iner to resort to the importation of butter to maintain the present individual butter ration at six ounces weekly, should be an incentive to our formers to produce more. Of course, competi- tion with imported butter will not help matters if the formers find it more profitable and less trouble to sell liquid milk at current prices.

- i i i i

We would draw attention to the letter from Mr. Hamming in this issue, and also to the art- icle on Britain's Farming Revival. Both are of direct and vital importance to this farming prov- ince, as showing the tendency of tho times. Mr. Hamming is right in insisting that tho develop- ment of the live-stock industry through the im- portation of feeds from tho surplus of tho west; but at the some time it has to be roc- ognizcd that if farming is to continue worth- whilo as a calling for our sons and daughters, supervision along the lines proposed in tho old land il a sine qua W".

O Q I O

Two farmor Governors-General of tho Un- ion of South Africa, tho Earl of Athlono and tho Earl of Clarendon, attcndod a rocoptlon hold

or Goldsmiths’ Hall to wish God-speed to Com- 9"")

misrionor David Lamb, of tho Salvation Arriiy, boforo ho loft England on Docombor 20 for a slit months’ tour of South Africa and Rhodoslo. Tho host was Lord lorinott, o former Prlmo Min- lstor of Canada. Commissioner Lamb poosod his oiglrtlotli birthday on October 26, and Lord Clarendon, proslding, rocollod opprovingly tlro

tliitos By The flay,

na-tm-al players. It bakes practice to kick the right person under the,

table. —Wtn:iiilpeg Tribune. ,

A bridge export; ooyo than 1o

Eatin‘ tobacco 1| honifcopped in its advertising. You can't picture n, lovely lady kissing is guy as be bites . off o chow. -Vlctcria Times. l

Two Hollywood writers, who clolm l they put a 0104.000 dent l'n the bank; at Lois Vegas. credit their gaming‘ success to a system. If they're Lho boys who write those super-colos- s'al superlatives. perhaps the "take", can be discoumed to $10.40 or maybe ' $1.04. -Windsar Star.

A man who ailowo the motor of‘ Ills car to run until 1i warms up, without. first opening the doors of the garage ls taking a chance.‘ Driving the car wlbh litre heater on arid all windows tightly closed, aLsol can be dangerous. ‘There's a drown-- riess. and Lhen—Wel1, anything con happen. -Chot.hiam News.

"You don't have to be o taper to have a hBlT1§-OVET."TlIl5 1,5 itie find- ing of the Deperlmeint cf National. Health arid Welfare, where doctorsi Point out that a. mourning after the nilght before feeling can arise from many things other than oveirlndul- gence 1n liquor. It can result from mdiscretioin in eating, smoking, play bind even from failite to get enough relaxation. "You can't meddle with nature's Iaiws and have continuous good health" the department re- mdinds Canadians. “When a p355- lng ‘vliim assalls you. ask yourself. ‘W111 it upset my rystemtfl"

A Civil Wor general who iota became president of the Unified States returned to life fcir a few minutes and gave some friendly advice to a fellow officer whose name has beeri lilsiked to a possible presidential nomination Gen, Dw1ght D. Etisenitiower. Strlding up to the stage at a luncheon: of tho 01mm Santa-ls and Burners 1n New York the bearded Civll won- 501d. liar. obvicusiy Geri. Ulysses S. Grant paused momentarily 1n trout of Gen-email Eisenhower. "I want to give you one vmird of advice." he bald. "Don't". Gerri. Eisenhower grinned apprieciatlvcly, but mode no oom- mem. -New York Times.

When lvcomes to long-distance horizontal thinking, Raoul Duvol a Frenchman, must hold Just about all the records tihere are. He went to bed 18 year; ago at the age of 20, because lie was “tired and wanted time to think." He's been at 1s ever since. He thought so strenously that now he's in c hos- plfal suffering from malnutrition. What conclusions he reached how- ever. during hi; mental marathon. dispatches failed to say. If. as doctors reported, he is same and ‘possesed of a powerful intellect. he must have envolved something of value to mankind. Meybe when he regain; his health he will divulge it. It would be a pity 1f such con- centration were lo go lo waste- Buffalo Courier-Express.

The ohip-to-shore medical ser- vice, interrupted by the war. has been placed in operation again and 15 regarded as one cf the mos-r. vital so; Welfare crganilzotlcms. Twelve radio stations maintain continual watch for Calls for aid mun the see. Each has panel of Coot-cos to whom symptoms c-rrr be passed and replies are often despaiched ln a few minutes. he variciv of a11- mrcn-ts reported leaves nothing to be desired. One ship's irasier suf- fering from a pain lri the “south- wtrc corner of his stomach." Tire F47'll.mi:‘ln&» therefore. is equally varied. When One dccfor‘ rewm- merided that a seamen =hou1d have, a liberal potion cif brandy and later‘ inquired as to his patlentis progress‘ the answer came an once: "Fine. but rest of crew developing same symptoms!" —Eastis'mn Chmirilcle _New Glasgow.

Cultured pearls may soon be grown ‘m Australia. An Australian technical mission ls condos-ting ln- qulfles in J-apim. and 1f fzivcirabiel advice 1s received from the-e ex- pcrls. Australian ilfllV{"'.'El'.lfI5 will be asked lo uuderiako rrsrrch into the possibility of Ppplyl-fig Japan-l ere met-nods lri lccal wa-icrs. should iihe industry be successfully est- ablished 1n Australia ll: would ac- cirdlng i0 estimates, ‘ncrcase the nailonel Income by a. million pounds. There 1s a world demrrid for oult- ured maria, which before the we: came from Japan. Few jewellers hold any today. ‘Ib produce o cult.- ured pearl, the cultlvatom lmrplmt arr-i li-rltam, usually a mdhtr-qf- peairl bead wrapped 1n fls-h skin. in the cyrier. During a period of from three to seven year's. titre oyster w111 cover- ihls bead with layers of riacre. producing e

4

depend On the length of time lt ls left wlihlin the oyster. -Vencouver Province.

In ardqr to llhsotroto the pronoun (or whatever 1t 1o) of ouir lonflllfl I om compiling o brochure on bottlenecks. I shall oocordfnuly be grateful fit any Blilllflfllfl I44"- iorn to chose oxon-iploo Mm m!!! jom-nollnn:

I. “Tho bllgeot bottleneck 1n housing." mooning tho worst. moot oarsstrtctlsio ond pronlnobly narrow-

I. Boulmcoto rriuot be ironed out" (loading article la tho MID

l. "Bottlenecks ohood" mil "bottle- neck In bottles" (roconit hcpdillnu). 4. "Ibo economy of tho lulu: to bound io movo wfttila o vicious clrolo

m drlotlcbotilnoclhthotof

m. chino roots." ~~ '-

pliroso osod of jrlni-”i_in ambassador of good wlll”—by tho Prime Ministor ot o birthday lun-

clioon given In lilo honour.

l. “M bdflfll. . . wlilfl is lfltfiflykfllfllilflfldl-

cultured pearl, whose auallty will 9

Britain's Farming

Revival

(U. K. Information Office)

The Agriculture Bill which was published December 20th on the first re -" 1n Commons and which will probably be debated on the second reading 1n about slx weeks from now, 1s 1n general wel- comed by the National Farmers

iUnlan. Some of its major- provlb:

ions were foreshadowed .b_v the Conservative Minister of Agricul- ture 1n the Coalition Government and. l-n principle, the B1111: largely agreed upon between the parties. There will be dlfferenmr especially about th degree of stale control necessary to ensure good farming but, all ore agreed on maintaining the revival of agriculture brought about by the war.

Guaranteed prices and assured markets for growers and producers of the main products are to be continued by means of annual re- views and Government orders flx- ing prlcer well lin advance. The corresponding duty of the farmers and landowners must comply with the ruler of good estate manage- ment. Where the owner- oi- occupier ls not complying with those re- sponsibilities. the Minister of Ag- grlculture i‘: enabled to place the land under supervision and serve directions for lts proper use Rep- resentations can be made to Coun- ty Agrlculturel Executive Commit- tees introduced during the war, and which are now to be perman- ent. If, otter twelve months‘ sup- ervlslon no satisfactory improve- ment 1s shown, the Mlnl-ster may dispossesii by compulsory purchase or termination of tenancy, with on appeal to the Agricultural Land ‘Tribunal. The Minister may farm the lend so taken, or let 1t, or may keep 1t until the owner can satisfy him that good alternative arrangements have been made.

The B111 deals with the general relationship between landlord and tenant lri order to bring the law into 11ne with the new policy (sta- bllity plus efficiency) and enabler, both to fulfil their responsibilities under the rules of good estate management and good husbandry. It defines the compensation due from the landlord to the tenant for improvements made by the tenant and likewise compensation due from the tenant to the landlord for de- terioration during tenancy. There 1s a provision for varying rents by arbitration. to adjust them to econ- omlc circumstances. There 1s to be o model clause 1n all tenancy agreements on the obligations n! the landlord to the tenant for: maln- tenance and repair.

The Bill also implements the new sm-allholdlngs policy designed to provide a ladder for agricultural worker's to rlse to the position of’ tenant farmer. Smollholdlnga will continue to be under the iui-lsdlc- tian of the County Councils with the Minister's approval. It. 1s an essential feature of the policy ttiut holdings be such that they are likely 1a provide a reasonable lrve- litiood for the tenant and his fam- ily. The smalltioldlngs’ authorities may carry out cooperative schemes and must let, to people withbde- quote agricultural experience, giv- ing preference other things balm; equal. to agricultural workers. The Minister may make loans to en- sure that such workers are not de- biirred from taking smalllioldings clue soley to insufficient working capital.

The loans will be limited to tlirec- quarters of the working capital required so as to glve the ienuni a financial stake lii the success of his enterprise. The Ministry of Agriculture may acquire land for erzperimcnls 1n smallholdlngs and farm organization by the Land Set- tlement Assoclation and Welsh Land Settlement Society acting as its agents. The Minister w111 take over estates and remit their debt to the Government.

The Bj~ll provides for on admin. lstmtlve organization to carry out a general policy, collection of sta- tistics for planning, acqulsltic-i and management of the land by the Ministry, directions 1o farmers lii emergency, continuation of grants for drainage, iv-rter ‘supply and llme, and control of pests and weeds. ll provides for efn Agricul- tural Land Commission to manage the land vested ln the Minister, and for the constitution of the County Committees and the Land

' Tribunals.

These County Cmnmittool. which helped so much to get the cxtfla produce needed during the war. are to have a maximum of 12 mem- bers-o appointed by the Minister from panels and nominated by the interests concerned. s being form- ers, 2 landowners and 2 farm work- ers. The tribunals are to consist f on independent legal chairman, limalfllcd by the Lord Chancellor (Membe of the Cabinet) olong with the formerd and two indepen- dent ouruon with olriculturol qualifications.

Tire Notlonol Former: Union rcp- resentotlves were present or‘ tho meetings between the Minister (Hr. Tom Wllllomr, who won Under- secretary for Agrlcultuic 1n tho Coalition Government) rinit tho bodies representing agriculture which wore held offer the Minister's declaration of policy fort. month. The Union stores that there moot- 1n|r were of ilio. pootoot voiue and frequently ‘riiowoa considerable olrceiiicnt.

In general. tho Union believes that the Dill to o riocossory borlo for sound 1s61lcy,.not rnorcly for agriculture. but for tho notion-or o ,wtioic. On closer-amortisation of the I111 (which tlio Union hod not been obio Id study -1ii dotoli) riio Uriiosvmoy‘ who to rolro potato of prloelplo or dctlli. Ilalt- lmpo toltt ll tho yooltioaor tho horti-