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Morning Daily (Founded in 1881) Authorised as Soeolld Class mil. Put 081M Department, Ottawa. pn-uwg, y“ A, Burnett; vice-President. Win. I- Bmrnel; Secyz-Treas, G. M. Burnett; Editor Ind Imaging Director, J. It. “i AIWII“ 51ml"-

mu Walker.

“The Strongest Memory is Weflltfl’ Till r the Weakest Ink.‘

FRIDAY, OCTOBER. 1B, 1M8

llorss Relies In Newfoundland

According to a correspondent in The Tele- gram, a Newfoundland exchange, Mr. A. M. Mallory, an archaeologist of Summit, New Jer- sey, discovered in Pistolet Bay and in other parts of the Northern Peninsula evidence to establish beyond doubt that Norse voyagers had located there. Sites of Viking camps or winter quart- ers, it is stated, were found in Pistolet Bay as well as stone shipbuilding tools at Sops Arm and Englee. T e discoveries are reported to have satisfied th archaeologist that they con- firm much of what had been related in Norse sagas of the voyages of Lief Eriksen_and_other Vikings and the previously unsolved situation of Vinland. _ _

Confirmation of the results of the historic research will be awaited with keen interest throughout the world as throwing light upon a chapter in history which at present ‘for the most part is legendary. Out of the shadowy myth- ology of the sagas, however, have been estab- lished beyond question that the Northmen, fol- lowing the discovery of Greenland in 985, push- ed or were driven by storms furtherywest and came upon lands which they named Vinland and Markland. Among these outstanding voyagers are mentioned Eric the Red and hit 5°" Li“ Erikson. Historians who have attempted to dis- cover from the sagas the localities mentioned have come to different conclusions, but it seems that the views of Professor Gustaf Storm of Christiana University are most generally accept- ed that the lands reached were Labrador, New‘ foundland and Nova Scotia.

Freight Rates

it is announced that the Maritime Traps- portation Commission will oppose the application filed by the Railway Associationbf Canada with the Board of Transport Commissioners for an increase of 30 per cent in basic freight rates on most of the commodities the railways carry_in the general course of business. This is not sur- prising, and similar opposition is already ln evidence in other parts of Canada, especially in the Western Provinces. Coal and coke are ex- cepted from the railways‘ application for the 3'0 per cent advance, which however applies to a other commodities. _ _

"Even without anticipating any immediate advance in roi|waymen's W999i." “tmmellb "l" Sydney Post-Record, "it cannot be disputed that the per ton cost of handling rail freights is considerably higher now. than it was seven years ago. As against this of course is the fact a greatly inflated volume of freight traffic has tended to reduce the per ton cost of its trans- portation. Nor should the ClfCllIIlSlGliCa be overlooked that the railways have derived more profit on ‘their operations since I938 than ever before in any comparable period in their history. There has however been a notable decline in carloadings this year, and war conditions will,- ” i, so b; lwpedf-bring no more grist to the railways in the years to come. What does seem certain is that their operating costs must con- tinue to expand, as the inflationary trend con- tinues to make itself felt in bigger wages and

. d.’ . .

lnghlrrncorwgo olfy Callie: be argued, fairly and quite properly, that this is no time for a glen- eral advance of railway tariffs, because the im- mediate result would be increases in the market values of the freights carried, whereas the Wor- time Prices and Trade Board is still on the |ob of establishding ceilings on market prices. Rail rates, one should think, ought to remain in step with obtainable commodity price-S, "ltd "Y "°_le' worthy increase of_ the one should syncliroiyize with a corresponding movement of the ot er. In point of fact there is reason to FXPEP ill“ this correlation will be K61" l" "lmd P7 ‘he Prices Board, whose wartime powers still ap- ply under the Emergency Act, to railway rates as well as to other services, and to Cfiflillmel

commodities."

The Soil Miners

One aspect of the farm strike h has been all but completely obscured from public attention, says a Western exchange. That is the unsatisfactory farm conditions and the_exces- sive cost of farm production due to soil de- pletion. _

ln consequence of wrong methods of culti- vation-aometimes called mining-formerly rich lands have been exhausted. Even the extens- ive use of inorganic fertilizers — which is iii itself a new source of danger-is failing to maintain yields at their one-time peak. Bump- er craps during the war have provided soothing statistics, but on examination these are found to be deceptive. No account was taken of the thousands of acres of abandoned lands and no account was taken of the use of improved seeds. Even if the use of improved seeds increases pro- duction temporarily, it must surely tend to ac- celerate the process of soil-exhaustion.

In these circumstances, crops cast more to produce. Farmers’ margins of profit tend down- ward. Food costs consumers more, or the tax-

payers must pay more in subsidies. And food in vitamins tends to physical and men- tel deficiency.

» This generation is probably more "natural resources conscious" than any of its predeces- sets. There Is more conservation worlr In pro-

_' and more attention is given to it by uni- verultles and pvernrnents than let therebelongwaytogo. TlieCanedawehove

inherited from our predecessors Is by no means as rich as the Canada of the early post-confed- eration period. The wark of restoration will be long and costly. In the meantime there will be discontent among farmers and the general tendency will be for them to blame everybody but themselves. Ono factor back of the farm strike is the discontent caused by long con- tinued misuse of nature's facilities and the re- sultant higher costs of production.

.- EDITORIAL NOTES s

The Festival of St. Luke.

Whatever Mr. Howe may think or do in the housing situation, the Province has the support of Mr. Bracken in considering the problem has been scandalously mishandled.

‘h 1 I I

Veteran Winston Churchill has decided to write the "inner story" of the war. The wartime Prime Minister is expected to take two years to write the book, which would be published in two or three volumes.

I! It‘ I i .

Italy has been granted by the Mackenzie King Government a credit of $3,900,000 as re- imbursement for military expenses on behalf of the Canadian troops there to conquer Mussolini‘s Fascist government. The figure represents one- third of the total expenses borne by Italy in con- nection withCanadian warfare there.

were:

According to C. P. correspondent Munro, when Hon. Brooke Claxton was in Paris at the Peace Conference, he was given a reception, and during the course of it he was asked, within fif- teen minutes, by three Belgian delegates if there was to be another war soon. Munro, who has been roving over Europe, says the different capitals indicate the prevalence of a severe epi- demic of jitters.

it I

The Battle of Leipzig this date I813. Up to this date Napoleon had carried everything before him against the Allied Nations, but in I813, Austria joined forces against him and turned the tables. A series of minor defeats, balanced by a single victory, was followed by the decisive catastrophe of Leipzig, which en- abled the Allies to carry the campaign into France. Napoleon fought with consummate skill, but was powerless against overwhelming numbers. "

I I I I

The difference between Prime Minister King and Premier Drew over the lnterprovincial Conference is this: The Prime Minister con- siders difficulties between the individual prov- inces and Ottawa should be ironed out first in- dividually, and subsequently approved by Con- ference; whereas the Premier contends the dif- ferent provincial claims should be submitted to, and approved by, the Conference before being accepted and endorsed by the Federal Govern- ment.

I I I I

Gen. A. G. L. McNaughton, Canadian dele- gate to the atomic energy commission, has offer- ed to give the United Nations information on Canada's uranium and thorium mining. Gen. McNaughton said the Canadian Government was ready to supply considerable information on the first stage of atomic production because of her uranium and thorium mines. Under a rotation system by which the chairmanship of the com- mission chonges monthly, Col. Mahomed Bey Khalifa of Egypt has succeeded Gen. McNaugh- ton as chairman. . ' i fi I I

Substantial progress toward .a drafting of a constitution and rules of the proposed Associa- tion of British Journalists in which will be merg- ed the National Union of Journalists and the institute of Journalists is reported by the two bodies. A joint statement said that the negoti- ators have agreed on many important points. One of the issues on which the union and insti- tute havb been publicly at odds is a proposal by the former for setting up by Parliament of a Royal Commission of inquiry into the financial control of British newspapers.

I I ‘A’ I

Arrangements now are being completed for an historic national ceremony in Ottawa early in January when citizenship certificates will be presented to new citizens representing each of the nine provinces. The ceremony is in con- nection with the Canadian Citizen Act passed at the last session of Parliament which goes into effect January I. Prime Minister Mackenzie King, Chief Justice Thibaudeau Rinfret of the Supreme Court of Canada, and State Secretory Martin, will be among those in attendance.

I I I "k

An Intensive survey of the St. Lawrence waters is now under way and if successful wll put thousands of dollars in the pockets of Mari- time Canadian and Newfoundland fishermen. The survey, instigated by the Nova Scotia De- partment of Fisheries, is the first attempt to chart the movements of herring. The project is financed by the provincial government and New- foundland and the Dominion government. The I00-ton vessel Harengus, recently launched, will be fitted with scientific equipment and will shortly be sent to the area to join in the sur- vey. Department officials predict that the search may last seven years.

I I I I

Production of Dairy Products continued to decline in September with, the month's output of Cheddar Cheese down to 17,144,000 pounds, a 30 per cent drop from the same month lost ear, the Dominion Bureau of Statistics reports. reduction for the first nine months of 1946 was l20,27l,0W pounds, 23 per cent loss than last year. Pronounced reduction was recorded ln the output of milk in August when the total was 1,765,000,000 pounds, eight per cent less than the same month of I945. The total for the eight-month period was ll,95l,000,(lIl.pounds, a decline of four per cont compared with the sanie period of i945} Holdings of cheese were reduced, amounting to 39,ll0,00ll pounds com- pared with 43,l06,0M on September l, and 63,- 943,M0 e year ago.

THE CHARIJOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

Notes By The We)

One centre at human activity is the mind. While the mind ls fed 1t w“. bomber , s‘ or m“ ambitious tuka and opens new "WNW! 0t thought in advance of “WWII-Iv wwi around Once that fitness some, however, n dander. atlon solo ln wnal. we call "age" leaves its mark and the essential sold-confidence of the lnilllvldtml

to wane. In that sense, “aged is an affair of the mind be. fore ls enyflhlng else -Vlctcrla Colonist.

Canadian-Chinese who served in the W18!’ are raising tho qiumiq, of 1min- rlatit to vote. The miinese vets contend tliai since all Chin- esmCanadlans were subjected to mill. lflry cal] amd were required to ful. lil_ tlheir reqoonsiiiilltles of citizen- oliin under the Cfillfldllln Mobilize. tlon Act, they should not now be denied the lull llllhte and prlvll- eges of citizenship, including the tote. Naitimallzed Chinese should be treated crcact-ly as naturalized P901119 of other nioes are treated. Oince they are accepted as cltlmns they should have n1‘ the rights of citizens. --Le-thbnldge Herald

For whatever reasons, the Runs- ion Government npposerltly decided that the period of uncutainty fol. lowing the and of the fighting was the best time for consolidating, and extending its position in the world. The story of the last year ls tthe wary qt Russian aggressiveness. In olmcct n0 Instance have the Russ- i-rs agrecd without. a struggle to the proposals of the other powers. In most iflSl-‘Lli. , tlhe Ruslnrus luve insisted ilpcn their own trite-r. pretatlon of existing agreements, using the power to veto when nec. essary to prevent adverse decisions. —Baltimcire Sim.

II we were not a patient and long-stiffening people we should have fallen steps long since to do something about the apple pie situation in this oruntry. Restaur- ant piamalleus do a fair job, and sometimes a. truly excellent Job, with cherry pie, raisin pie, lemon pie, blueberry plejlrurttersootch pie and o0 ain but "wimimmaly what they trum out and sell no apple Die Is a dry. tasteless. unappetlzlng emanation that is an insult to a errand old name There can't be any profound secret about the my tn melee good apple plea- Oill’ wives and mothers and grand- mother: have been melting than these many, many yearu ‘Ilhey have mode mid make apple pie that ls rich, Juicy tasty, o dflertssble thing padrcd with calories and vltiimim and above all vain flavor. ‘Ithelr apple pie isn't in the some would as tfhe mielmiclusly product that has to get. iLs extraneous flavor from ice cream or cheese. -Ot- tawa Journal.

An independent densoc w; is in the lfllililllg beyond the Arctic Circle. Greenland, the world's larg. eat island ln which liess than 20000 persons live along the coastline of a territory which corri- prises nearly 850.000 square miles and Denmark's only remaining colony, ls approaching the age of majority ‘Ilhe (irreenlnlldieirs now nnni: to have only care governor and one irentinal council to be elected directly by the people. ‘mils would have the effect of diminishing ln- flulence of the Danish officials. — Scandinavian News. ,

Those who talk o! attracting soreign visitors to this (MlIM-fy will getlhei- from (the following instance what they are up egalilet. A Bed. glen oalme heir-e when his counts-y was overrun, served in tho Belgian dainty worked for some years with our intelligence scuvlce and was given an 0.13.15. He then went to Argentina on bizisinem, leaving his wife end daughter here. It ' been found quite ' lble to obtain o. visa for him to return --A Letter to the Landon Times.

This fall children who go to one Chicago public school will find 25 mlnletune pianos-mot toys, but practicable rriiuslcel instruments — wetting for their music-hungry fingers, sayd Newsweek. They will owe this chance to an ex.Alr Forces private, Harold B. Rhodes, who invented the original lop-sized piano from scraps o! wireckied planes so that his disabled fellows could exercise their stiffened hands and divert their minds with music while in bed. The improved 16-point! Rhodes Model. called Prcpleno, ls sitlll largely made 0f was" surplus manerlois, Instead of elittnll l?! the player's lap, it reota cii a tubular aluminum frame which curves viii to hold a corrilortalble otta-% seat. Chicago is not. the only large. city school system to take up Pre- plarios. Denver will also introduce than and other cities are thinking of experimenting with them as a definite prerequinl. for the study of any musical instrument.

.4559 7oedi6wm

I BOUGHT I sought you, God, ‘Ilirough the pain of time. And the w ‘ of distance; I sought. you whore the great winds

break,

And in the haueee that beer your name: _

l sought you in the eyes of gentle

men

Where wisdom alts with age;

I lwsht you where‘ the happy children rim.

And when the led ones weep.

‘I never foimd you.

And, attiiret for the draught of life, I fetl-loet in the desert of my

Iflklfl; Idfltallllthfltflfiitittllolilenco

myself... And there, lnaflaehofreoognltlon, lbetieldyouhimylieart.

-Willens b. DoOosto. Canadian Army (Formwtg of Giaslottesown).

This column la open to- fle discussion by aorro uparsdents of questions ed Interest. The Charlottetown Guardian doee not nooeelr- ll) endorse fie opinion d “respondent.

PUBLIC FORUM I

CO-OPEIIATIVI! FARMING FOB VETERANS

5ir,—-Mr. John Mustard is to be commended for his advocacy of group settlement of returnrd men. I am sure, however, that he does not claim any originality l‘.. his suggevlon of this scheme nci do I claim any or‘; nelityiri" having suggested it thiog years ego and

ln having contriued to urge It ever since, This group co-operative farm-

mg was pli. in operation by the monks for the benefit of the Mex- ico Indians some centuries ago and carried on successfully for many years arifl until tlie monks were driven out.

It. has. ‘neon carrlell on success- fully in England. as well as in Western Canada.

In-1943 n Provincial Post-war Reconstruction Committee was ap- pointed ot whlcl. Hon W. H. Den- Itfr: was nitmcrl as i-iiairmail. In a rather ‘our; memorandum which I submitted Lu him for the con- sideration o.’ his Conir-iittc: was a scheme f0: group settlement cf returned men. I submitted the some prop": “ion to Pi-c-f, F_ Cyril J-lmes, LL- 1.7.. chairman of the Dcminloi A(l\'la0f‘_\' Committee rm Reconstrlicxcvi in a letter to him bearing date the 3rd, May 1943. About the some time I discussed this scheme nvhl: Mr. “fuller Shaw. with Mr. Campbell of the Soldiers’ Settlement Board rind with numerous learllriq farmers. In an address to the Grand Jury I elaborated tlils scheme. and It was favourably ‘commented on by an agricultural commentator from Nova Scotia in an address over the CBC.

One objection tu the scheme that W“ "tilde W“ the soldiers would not co-oper-file T painted out that duri-rig the War c-ne of the things that was pressz-d in the different branches of the armed services was ctr-operation. I could not, see Why returnef men could not co- operate ils well ‘is groups of mcr- chants and industrialists do. Members of the Fishermen’: Co- operative Union (‘o-operate and

do so successfully. Why 10f. re- turner‘. men settled in groups? Granted that the terms offered

returned men settling on the land are generous, still the overhead is such that It wil‘. be di-fflruit for most of them to succeed under their heavy burden,

A vouric nun filllni! up farm- ing if suitable buildings are on the land. has to stock the farm with cattle. horses and other live- stock; he has to purchase mach- inery that will Immediately en- able him to do farming on a ren- sonably large scale to enable him to meet his obligations and live. In order to do so. he has to pro- vide hlred help- He is lna different position from a young man who is being settled by his father on a farm. In the first, your; of such a settlement. he has the use of his father's horses. machinery 1nd farm help nrld he gnadually builds up to the oolnt where he can him- self operate witlnu‘ slic-h help.

During the years when 1 was chairman of the Farmers-Creditors Arrangement Act I realized that e number of the farmers who came before the Board had been sur- rounded by overhead.

Under group settlement, with the aid of a good tractor, a large motor truck, Instead of four farmers keeping. say threg horses

h“ each eating their heads off dur-

lng the winlrl- months. could get along wi-th one eac‘.: one set of agricultural implements would suffice, and by wo;:king together hired help would he unnecessary. Having been together during their time o! service, and farming to- gether, would provide tho soc'al intercourse necessary to such younr! men. They could sit around the table and discuss their prob- lems no doubt with an advlsor provided by the Government.

This ls a mere outline which can be further elaborated, hut. by pooling their resources era the money granted to such n01! by the Dominion Government, they would have o far greater chance of milk- ing a success of farming than If they operated individually.

I am pleased Indeed that Mr. Mustard has giver: thought to this scheme of group settlement. rind if more people can lie liihresied in it 1 am sure that It will be tried. ‘There is no reason why kroups of formers should not try the scheme themselves. It ls being attempted in some communities to a limited extent.

Although I do not by any means pose el an authority, still I’ have given much thought to this phase of co-operatlve enterprise and have received much assistance from farmers and otticrs with whom I was privileged ta discuss the subject.

I am, lltr. etc. A. l. AIS ZNAULT. Charlottetown. Oct. l’! "

Soldiers of Osarlst Russia used to be elven e bag of 2 1-6 pounds 0f sunflower seed a dey as sn iron rntlorr.

Drive out ACHES