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HISTORY REWRITTEN

The struggle for self government In Prince Edward Island is of per- ennial interest to political students. The subject has been dealt with by leading authorities in Canada, and available sources have been search- ed diligently for information that might throw fresh light upon the matter. Succeeding writers cannot hope to add much that is new, but' there is always the advantage to be derived from viewing the ascer- tained facts in a new perspective. This, largely is the value Canadian readers will derive from the latest Immtgnph on Responsible Govem- ment in Prince Edward Island. published in attractive booklet form by the University of Iowa as one oi a Series of studies in social science. The author, Dr. W. Ross Livingston, has gone to the Pub- lic Record Office in London as well as to the Federal Archives, and his work is well documented. In an interesting foreword, he notes that Prince Edward island seems to have had the greatest difficulty among all the provinces cf British North America in securing the boon of responsible government. She was the smallest in arca as well as in population but her contest was no 10.x important. -

A previous monograph on the attainment of responsible govern- ment in Nova Scotla by the same author is referred to in an intro-

rams-z, ocronan a, m;

mission was a luncheon tendered by the Canadian trade commission- er, Mr. n. n. Ross, w public and business men, which was ‘tended by representatives of the Austral- ian federal and state parliaments, bankers, trade commissioners and other interested persons. The Prime Minister, Mr. Scullin. was among the principal speakers, and ho stated that the treaty with Can- ada was a result oi the policy put forward at the Imperial Conference last year by the Prime Minister oi Canada. Rt. Hon. R. B.“ Bennett. and himself. The treaty, said Mr. Scullln, would do much to forward the principles of trade among the countries of the British Empire. Every opportunity should be taken to buy and sell within the Empire, which grows or manufactures everything its peoples can require. In the past. Australia tried to bring in more goods than she sent out, which, said Mr. Bcullin, was a mis- take. It was possible, by the em- ployment of a scientific tariff. to keep out the goods they could make and to bring in those they couldnot make and that was what they were trying to do. The Prime Minister concluded by hoping that traders in Canada. and Australia will realize that the Canadian Con- structor is not taking goods only; it is also carrying a cargo of good- will.

The Sun, Melbourne, editorially remarks that the goodwill ship, the

ductory note by the editor of the leries, who adds:

“In that province the leaders

sought to set an example which the other parts of the Empire could iollmv. To them Nova Sco- tia was the “normal school” for the rest of the colonies. Prince Edward Island followed the xvay along which Nova Scotia had travelled but the forces and cir- cumstances of her own life cur- ri-rd her along independently of hcr sister province. The triumph in Halifax in 1848, however, gave to all the neighboring colonies a new enthusiasm in their contest ior the new principle. In Prince Edward Island the struggle was unique because of the system of land tenure established at the be- ginning of her history. When self-government was finally won there was no disturbance of the rights of property as had been anticipated. This revealed the character of the citizens of the alfiland and 1s another illustration {of the genius and skill of the {British pcnpic in creating and Qnclminlstcrlng institutions of gov- fiiernmcnt."

U17

Appendices nclurle some

to lllc monograph interesting corres- ndcncc bctwccn Earl Grey, Sec- Ectary of State for the Colonies, and Lieutenant Governors Harvey éncl Campbell. A bibliography is guided, which, curiously, mentions poly one “History of Prince Ed- ‘fward Island," that of "Duncan gampbcll, published in 1875. The

i!

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uthor sccms to have been unaware {or the more rcccnt comprehensive , . $115901‘? written by th) late Judge glllarburton. NEW TRADE Mi§s101v

. Australian newspapers

IRUQI!

to ‘contain much news matter and edi-

hand

‘forlal comment with respect to %anada's goodwill ship, Canadian Qlionstructor. which sailcd from Mel- ibourne on September 1 with a gcnrgo of Australian goods for the The event seems t0

“have captured the imagination oi the Australians. and all the com- merit published in the press is favorable to better trade relations between the Commonwealth and the Dominion. lt. is recognized, iudging by the rcmnrks of speakers and the comment in the newspap-

Constructor, laden with Australian goods “for display and sale throughout the great Dominion, may be made the pioneer, under the new Australian - Canadian treaty, of business relationships that will mean new wealth and work for the people oi both coun- tries." Even more significant than this friendly editorial utterance is the fact that the federal executive of the Australian Labor party met at the Trades Hall and adopted a resolution congratulating the Min- ister of Markets, Hon. Mr. Moloney, “on the highly successful outcome of his efforts in concluding the trade treaty with Canada." It is evident that the goodwill venture will prove a lead for better Empire trade and that the new treaty will be of advantage to both Common- wealth and Dominion. The Aus- tralians have welcomed it heartily.

BEST ADVERTISING

A remarkable instance of the power of newspaper advertising is provided by the progress of the famous British firm of H. J. Heinz, manufacturers oi the well-known fifty-seven varieties of Pure Food Products. The company introduced their commodities to the British public over thirty years ago. By consistent newspaper advertising and main- taining the highest quality, sales grow, until in 1925 a plant capable of turning out 300 tins of baked beans per minute~ arose in Lon- don. Heinz then decided to increase their newspaper advertising appro- priation by more than 50 per cent. and the result was an increase in sales in a year of 100 per cent. This process of increased news- paper advertising followed by in-

since.

THE FIRST STEP

The effectiveness oi organizations

....» av ... WAY‘ i,

Thirty-om can of ml. lnvinr- ating weather, perfect motoring, ideal working temperature. bru- llant 5nd glorious skies. That describes October. There is some doubt u to the exstence of ,_ln Illdllll BIIIIIIIIGI‘, but if thfite l! B,I1“ W “Gal. ‘such an ideal season it is October. 1st least October wegther correa- rnavcnrmo occur m ream ponds with that of the mythical One of the discouraging things a Indian Bumm . l‘ ‘ ‘ is death mother frequently meets is w nus to vegetable life but it is life w. a youngster to whom she is giving men. While the leaves take on their every possible care, begin to have colorful shrouds and the green early decay of the teeth. meadowlands fade to the brown Knowing that diet is a factor she of death, man's blood is all a- pursuades the youngster to eat the tingle and the Joy of living is at its various foods containing limo Ind

zenith. Every October day is made for work and play. The bright, crisp mornings are an inspiration

phosphorcllfl. has him take cod liver oil and also plenty 0i milk. In some cases this will stop the decay, but

for work or for communion with: in other cases this is not suflicient nature, the days make om; strive| and the youngster loses his first sot to make the most of them and the? cf ‘teeth years before they should night are "built for sleep." Sad! be making way for the permanent and dreary will be the parfinll teeth. '

when October drops___ behind and I Now ivhat should be done to pre- November ushers in sober clouds; vent m. decay of teeth in young- lmd Chill Wllld-i- N0 Wolldel‘ the | sters, and to save those already at- poet raved slightly about "Outfi- tnckcd? l er's bright blue weather." That too much starch may cause _ i? trouble is true to some extent, be- Mahatma. Gandhi may be s all!!!‘ cause a youngster filling himself up ‘and a mystic 0nd all that, say5 “n bu bread, candy, sugar, potatoes, 811011111189. but he seems to combine‘ pies and cakes, is not going to have with these traits the instincts of Bl the room for the other kinds oi food Plfilly 8117""! bar-gainer. Thus inl that are rich in minerals. A young- Lilllfiiishllfi. 0V9? the WNR-Elld. Mid, :sters needs starchy iood to give en- 811111118 9O get the support 0f 1-9-11" crgy for playnnd it hardly seems cushirvs powerful textile industry.| right tO-deny him sugar. bread, and Mr. Gandhi said this: “If Great potatoes. However the precious

- rmsr PRINCIPL

(Ottawa Journal) ,

Th; cynic may scoff" and‘ tho superficial sneer, but few thought- ful people will reject the reverent- ial 1nd deaply religious sddrels ‘by Premier Bennett on Thursday ‘mam before m. umuu Church missionary congress. What, he “ha, 1s wrong with the world? And answered: -

"Th; orgy of extravagance, reck- less expenditure of money. forw- ting old and homely virtues thrift or care for the morrvw. bo- Ilwlng that get-ricb-quick should be the motto of our lives-all these things have brought us to this pass.”

This is no new note. It was stand only recently, and with grout power, in an encyclical of the ‘Pope, and it was expressed this week, m challenging terms, by the pastoral letter of the bishops of the Protestant Episcopal church. But, whether it is an old 1109-‘. or new. ,no one can deny that it is true. The Iworld, during the years followinfl the war, all but took leave 0i "-8 senses. It went mad in n. race to get rich. Individuals drove 101'- ward blindly in a scramble for wealth; we had the maddest stock- market orgy since the South Sea Bubbl; and nations, inspired by. national selfishness and ecomo-; mic imperialism, fought ‘for a: place in the sun with a rivalry un-i paralleled in centuries.

Today, in the world, there is trade and currency dislocation, a‘

hypo“ "GLlN-ALMAIN. ‘l’!!! minnow can"

In this still place, remote from 1MB: . Sleeps Ossisn in the Narrow Glen,

1,. this still Place. whm 111W“ !But on’: meek streamlct, only 011°? He sang of battles. and the blflm or stormy war and violent death: And should, we think, when all W88

past, l-Iave rightfully been laid at last Where rocks were rudely "WW1 and rent A; by s spirit turbulent; Where sights were rough and 50111155 were wild.

And eygrythlng unreconciled; In some complllllim. film Fare“- For fear and melancholy 11199‘? But this is calm; there cannot be A more entire tranquility-

And therefore, was it rightly_said That Ossian, last of all his race. Lies buried in this lonely place.

—Wordsworth,

U. S. Comment

(Toronto Mall and Elnpire) we have already referred to s series oi articles chili-lull"! ill $119 Rochester Times-Union and the other Gannett nu , I resurd-

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Britain grants India her freedom and makes her an equal partner in the British family of nations. then I should be willing to advo- cate a prohibitive tariff on all foreign imports, except those of Great Britain, of which India would Lake the amount needed be- yond her own productive capacity. such things as prices, shipping, etc, being equitable."

The Cardiff branch of the Rail- waymen's Union u the fourth local railway union to signify approval of Rt. Hon. J. H. ‘Ihomass decision to put country before party at a time of national crisis. Mr. Thomas followed the dictates of his con- science and it is a good sign that he is now receiving support from some sections of labor that on first thought condemned his patriotic attitude. They also are showing that. they possess common sense, conscience and understanding.

This is a. bad season for the throwing of monkey-wrenches into the economic machinery. It is lab- oring under a heavy load as it is,~ and ii workers as well as owners are to benefit, every possible handi- cap must be removed and kept re- moved.

vitamin C, as well as vitamin D (in cod liver oil) is necessary for the growth and_ development of the teeth and so the starchy foods must be cut down somewhat to make room for fresh ripe fruits, oranges and grapefruit. The minerals lime and phosphorus found in fruits and vegetables are equally necessary to build teeth and prevent their decay.

Another point is that if the youngster sees the dentist every three or six months any little cav- ities will be discovered and if there are filled, decay is prevented.

The mouth and teeth should be washed out after every meal, as par- ticlesof food resting on the teeth can actually start a tiny crack or cavity in the enamel, and as the slogan goes, “save the surface and you save all" applies as far as the outside or enamel part of the tooth is concerned. ' I

Dentists tell us also that a young- ster will sometimes chew on Just one side of the mouth for various reas- ons,and the teeth on the side on which he doesn't chew, are there- fore likely to begin to decay early.

These little suggestions from doc- tors and dentists should be remem- bered by parents.

Man‘ Who J eopardized

The statement of Mr. William, Green, the president of the Ameri- can Federation of Labor, that a revolution in the United States in, the near future is by no means an? impossibility, says the London Saturday Review, clearly deserves! closerattentlon than it has re- ceived on this side of the Atlantic. Ever since the enactment of pro- hibition there has been a. growing disregard for law and order, and when to this is added unemploy- ment. and destltution on a large scale (it is said that there wiu be 12,000,000 unemployed in the United States by next year,) it is obvious that a crisis of the firs! magnitude is at hand. 1

The British people are now at grips with a crisis in which the strength and resources of the whole ‘nation will be put to the test. For several years Britain has been struggling with fiercely competi- ltive foreign markets and with a steadily-increasing registry of » un- employment. Arevival of British trade is the essential on which the future prosperity of the country ‘depends; a country dependent on purchases of raw material irom_ every part oi the‘ globe for the maintenance of her industries and for the food of her people.

Of all the absurdities or partinu. spirit gone mad, nothing surely could be more extravagant than

to hold the Federal Government responsiblg for the temporary fall of our Canadian dollar in the Unit- ed States, says the Quebec Chron-|

4 The War

(Reginald Berkeley, the Fortnightly General Pershings book.)

reviewing in J. J.

Pershing had one preoccupation. So indeed had the Allies. But theirs was to bring the War to a speedy

end. His was to build up a vast: American Army. In vain the Gov-’

ernments of France and Great Britain laid the figures of their losses and their potential replace-

ments before him, showing the‘

swift, wastage and inevitable de- clinc of their numbers. In vain the Government of the United States indentified itself with the appeals of the French and the British, and urged him to reinforce the line.

In va'n Sir Douglas Haig work- ed out a scheme by which Ameri- can Divisions, under American commanders, could be built up into an American Field Army in the line itself; and a great scheme it was, by which, if it had been car- ried out. the dsasters of March, 1018, would unquestionably have been averted; for the area. to be reinforced was the tenuously held Fifth Army front opposite St. Quentin.

| In vain. when human lntellisence the ‘olbwlng year‘ m form a 3mm- lhe °°n°1“d°s' are needed- °' Wm

had exhausted itself against human' stupidity , the enemy reinforced argument with practical demony stration. With Ludendorf hammer-

in: at the British and Trench. anchhunfi 011. stayed the! enemies‘ ad- ~wm~i 400,000 Americans idle, the ‘”‘“°°“' “d Ne“ “h” m““‘“°“‘

‘the “m” “m” h‘ “mm quarwrsmllied Prime Ministers met the mill “hi” By “"3"” “h” Am°"°‘“ M‘ tary heads to plead with Pershing c” had grown to one and a ha“

to agree for the.moment on bring-

gun reinforcements from the Unit-

shatterlng of exchanges, demorall- m; the forthright manner inwhich zation oi credits, a. threat to theRhe Canadian Government is deal-

structure of finance. Why? The answer, unquestionably, is the determination of nations to exact the last pound of flesh Jo destroy their competitors, to make selfish- ness their guiding stars in their dealings with other peoples. The old fair laws of decent barter and exchange have been lost sight oi.

‘These things will not be chang-

ing with the present unemploy- ment situation. It comes out that the articles are written by MI- Paul Benton, manflfllll! 941W!‘ °3 the Times-Union. He has been studying the situation at first hand in this country and he hB-i P1155“! on what he has learned here t0 his readers in the United States in the obvious h0pe that the Pub"

I46 Richmond Sh.

Charlottetown

Fire. Life, Accident, Sickness

lic authorities in his own country may benefit by the Canadian ex- ample. In one of his letters, Mr. Benton says:

Granted a "blank check” by I-urliament, Richard B. Bennett, fighting Premieiaof Canada, face! the most stupendous task of in- telligent gun" ‘ 1 Q-y-

ed by onomists or ciu-rency ex- perts or by doctrines of politicians. Says Mr. Bennett:

"I am firmly convinced that nothing but the grace of God will save this world. You may talk a- bout your eoonomlc theories, the application of the gold standard, the demonetizetion of silver, balan-l fies u! trade exports and lmnurtslment relief ever unrcrtaken. _ but one thins only will save chris-| There is no "dole" in the Ben- tianlty, and that is the'grace of neg; plan. Those able to work must God. That is my conviction." work 1f they are to be paid. The will)’ 1911111118 111W)?!’- WhO hB-‘llcomparatively few unable to work followed the course of humanity all W111 be assisted by the ordinary clown its turbulent stream lvhfmlghhngflqodg or relief, gupplemented to the ages, can doubt that convic- 5mm extant by Government, but tion? ‘Let the fate of nations who p; 15 believed this Kfqup will be Tea-Ted W911‘ liemlmaly EPW011885 little larger than in ordinary years. upon greed and avarice and pride when the end of the Bennett of Power and conquest make an- scheme arrives it is expected to Swen find Canada richer by hundreds To sermonize is not the functionlog needed public improvemgntg o; vi u newspaper. But we should like all sorts. from Vancouver to tho 1° we Premier Bennett's words maritime provinces of the Atlantic emblazoned all over this country, coast. All are to be of a. nature like to see them read and pondered mglmamy ngcggggy, glthgugh 111 Ellery 0011115118 1101150111 Clilllidll. many under ordinary economic cir- dwelt "P011 and taken to heart by cumstances would have been ac- the leaders of capital and labOr-‘complished over a period of many For it is not to governments, nor to year5_

statesmen and politicans that wel The write,- expmm that one o;

ing over infantry and machine- “on had now been permuted by

must turn for improvement and re-, the out-standing facts about the 5°17" Th“ c1111 0111i’ come from a Bennett plan is the care exercised “hams °7 heart °11 the Dart of all to emphasize the rights and duties Elf 11:. aifrumlu greater sense of in- of the smaller civil units. ‘The v u soc n1 responsibility. with Dominion‘ Government is not. :1 reegoirgixlgitationthoft seglflilshnessd and usurplng the functions of the prov- ° B 6 c8 all TB" inces. It is merely making possible 1181211 cannot. be divorced Ylilmlenterprlscs by .the latter which 7111511955- they would be unable to undertake In thuwurdsufthu-pusioralvfihe without asfilstance. The immediate EPBCOPBI Bishops: “Until bllsllwsflcrisis is being dealt with so that is converted and is conducted in the comm-y Wm recap“, a proper the sight of God, who is the Fath- [return for m? money now expend- er of all men, no change in techni- ed (m- pubpc mpg; cue W11 be of permanent value." Nor is this Rochester editor at all doubtfull about the ability of this Dominion to carry the load. Can- ada. he points out, possesses terri- torles of an immensity which sur-