TH-E GUARDIAN

lo tetown. P. E. l.. by The Thomson Company Llnalted. 'Conro Prince Edward lnlnnl uh Ibo Don" lid.-tor nnd Mann Auocluo Edi lunch off":-cs nl Summrrsldc. Monluue and Alberlon. Author land In Second Class Mall by the Pool Ofhco Depnnmenl. Otflun. i as Carrier; chnrlalu-Iuwn. Summenidn 810.00 per annum. l-Ilse l when in P. 1 :9 av. Ulhu Provinces and U. 3. A. m.orl Pet nnnum.

"The strongest memory In weaker an; the weakest lnk."

Tl'EHlI.H'. SEPT. :l. 1954 i

For A United Canada l

Prime Minister St. Laurent has made it clear that he proposes to continue to hold, office in a federation of ten Provinces and:

not merely of the nine other than Quebec.g His speech Saturday night to Liberal work- ers in Quebec was in effect an appeal to the people of Quebec as Canadians in con-I trast to their role as natives of a particulari Province. I ,

In a manner most unlike that of poll-:

licians, except perhaps in Prince EdwardiBC

Island, he bearded the lion of French na- tionalism in its den. He made it clear that he regards the Union National Government as retarding the progress of Quebec as a Province of Canada, whatever it may be achieving in the direction of creating a sovereign state. ,

Quebec is not alone, of course, in hav- mg reservations about the desirability of increasing Federal powers, but all the other Provinces. having weighed the advantages, and disadvantages, have concurred in the various measures adopted to date. They have accepted certain limitations of Pro- vincial activity in order to make possible measures which can only succeed on a na- tional scale. Quebec alone has refused to surrender one jot or tittle of Provincial rights.

It is not against this, however, that the Prime Minister has protested, but against, thelmovement to further sever the Cana- dians of Quebec from Canadians in the oth- er Provinces. He wants Canadians of any, part of the country to continue to be Cana-: dian, and so say all of us.

Welcome Tariff Decision

The U. S. tariff commission has reject- ed an application for higher tariffs on chicory entering the United States. This, comments the Winnipeg Free press, is 3 minor but none the less welcome decision. It is welcome because it is the first time since Republican appointments were made to the commission that this body has turn- ed down a request for tariff increases bas- ed on the "escape clause" in the tariff law.

This legislation allows an industry, which

. feels it is being harmed by increased im- ports resulting from lower tariffs under the reciprocal trade program, to ask for a restoration of the tariff to-its former level, If the commission makes such a recom- mendation, it then goes to the President for his approval or veto.

Of the 50 or so "escape clause" cases which have come before the commission since 1948. only five have actually resulted in higher tariffs; nevertheless, the recent in- crease in both the number of applications received and the number of recommenda- tions for higher tariffs given by the com- mission is worrying. The situation is par- ticularly unsettling to those foreign busi- nesses in which exports to the United States play an important part -- as was painfully emphasized by the Swiss reaction to tariff increases on imported watches.

The need for stable U. S. tariffs will doubtless be discussed at the forthcoming meeting in Washington of the Boards of, Governors of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Re- construction and Development. There it will be argued that. the economic influence of the United States is such that no inter- national trade system can function really effectively if the U. S. continues to follow a policy which provides for the drastic re- duction of imports when those imports show signs of hurting domestic concerns.

Aiding Modern Bible Study Language detectives, deciphering clay tablets written in man's oldest known alph-1 abet, are tracing stories found in the Bible back to an ancient city called Ugarit. Pos- sibly, that Mediterranean seaport kingdom. now.n buried mound known as Ras Shamra on.the1 Syrian coast, was both wellspring and link between the earliestgllebrew liter- atutl and Greek mythology. Scholars of Semitic languages for several years have been , finding strong clues. Older than Phoenicia, Ugarit was only rediscovered 25 years ago. For 3,000 years A before that it had beams lost city. In 1928 a Syrian farmer working his land on the Mediterranean shore hit a stone obstruc- tion. Lifting away the slab, he found a stairway lending an underground pas- sage and I vaulted tomb that -contained ornaments of gold. The following year the French nrcheolomlf C.l-TA. Schaeffer be- gun cxcnvnflu at the spot and at a sun- bnkcd about 3'11 by. He unearthed not only cvldcncu of I city dating back to 5,000 BC. but I written cuneiform lan-

glyphlcs and Babylonian ldeographs. This script, however, used only 30 signs--a true l'ublinl:ed um weexmy morning II in mm Slrocl. can alphabet centuries older than any previous-

?spot in the eastern Mediterranean to yield a written literature of the earliest Canaan- .ites.

ly known.

As more and more Ugarit tablets were dug from ruined palaces and libraries, archeologists acclaimed- the importance of the discovery. Ras Shamra is the first

Old Testament scribes undoubtedly were familiar with the Ugarit culture. Ugarit stood as a rich and powerful trading center between the empires of Mesopotamia to the east and of the Med- iterranean at its doorstep. Inscriptions on ivory and gold statues and thrones as well as written treaties reveal that Ugarit re- ceived gifts and dealt with both the Egyptian pharaohs and Hittite kings. Finally falling before Hittite invasions that broke ancient Egypt's power in the Near East, the city was sacked repeatedly. It had ceased to exist by the 12th century

From its alphabet language, scientists now are translating a rich body of legend, poetry, and religious belief. They find poetic resemblances between the literature of Ugaritwits stories told on the tablets- and stories written long after in the older books of the Bible.

Recently, notes the Canadian Geographic Society, ties have also been found to Greek mythology, the early Homeric literature. Today the tables of Ugarit are aiding studies of the Bible and throwing new light on the earliest sources of Western culture and civilization.

Mr. Stevenson's Warning

It has been said before, but the warning this time comes from Mr. Adlai Stevensoni

i and is of timely concern to all democracies?

"I am most deeply concerned," Mr. Steven- son said in an interview with the Associat- ed Press, ”over a trend toward lconform- ityl-a growth of anti-intellectualism which manifests itself in a sneering attitude to- ward education, science and the arts. The tendency is to stifle mental freedom, which is the very basis of a democracy's life and growth. . . . We cannot afford to forget, that freedom of thought, freedom to explore! old and new ideas, to disagree, that these are bulwarks of a free people because with- out them there can -be no real freedom.

"There is a great hunger among the, people for moral leadership that remains. unsatisfied. We have placed too much em- phasis on materialism. Most political ap- peals have been an appeal to the belly rath- er than to the spiritual, the intellectual, the moral and educational.

"Perhaps the New Deal contributed a little too much to the idea of lrights' with- out selling the people on their responsibili-l ties. Certainly the emphasis on rights has; grown without an educational process giv- ing equal emphasis to responsibilities."

EDITORIAL NOTES St. Matthew.

0 Today the 9th General Assembly of the United Nations opens in New York.

-A world Scout jamboree will be held in England in 1957 to commemorate the cen- tenary of the birth of Lord Robert Baden- Powell, founder of the Scout movement. The announcement was made by Lord Rowallan, Chief Scout for Britain.

Schools can look forward to a need for continued expansion at the present birth rate. Registrations increased eight per cent in August over the same month last year. The cumulative total for the year is 6.9 per cent larger than the Canadian figures for

last year.

A Norwegian physician has startled the medical and public health world by sug- gesting that soaps and tooth pastes which produce a heavy lather may increase human susceptibility to polio. It is emphasized, however, that his studies are definitely in the preliminary stage and that all medical experience is to the contrary.

O

petition, according to a statement of policy issued by the President of the republic of Columbia. It is proposed to complete a second north and south waterway from At- lantic to Pacific by linking the Atrato and San Juan rivers. 'They are now separated by a distance of 25 miles and the whole waterway would extend more than 400 miles. 0 Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist and historian, died this date 1832. Before his time Scottish history was virtually an un- worked mine but among the results of his enormously popular Waverly novels was the founding of numerous learned societies whose members made it their business to exhume and publish documents illustrating Scotland's past. Scott's example was largely responsible for the Romantic move-

'4nu5uoftbn,nnnn-suEsvptimtilero-

ment in France and elsewhere.

The Panama Canal will soon have com”

"ti-' lg Th

this column I: open In the discus- slon by correspondent: of question: cf Interest. The Gunrdlnn dun: not nccunrlly endorse the opinion of urrclllondnnln.

"A VVORD TO THE W'ISE"

Sir,-l read with some amusing Ln- terest in the Public Forum of today's Guardian at short letter carrying the following heading "The P0l..ll0 Board", but to my way of thinking, with my little mind, it should have borne the above salutallon.

Now the part that bothers me more than anything else. "of course I am not going to lose any sleep over it," is just. what cata- gory to place the writer in. When he advises the "wise" to keep out of the squabble, and he himself into it. There are but. two classes. The wise and the unwise. you are either in or you are out. so I would say it does not look so good for the ndvlcc set forth.

Why shouldn't. the Government take any part in this affair, "the Government made the Act. and they certainly should be interested in it. to es that it is implemented to the better Advantage of the greater majority of the people of this Province. not just a few fireside gossips that draw hasty conclus- ions.

The above title was taken from the last. chapter, second last. verse. of "The Potato Board," Mondays Guardian. i

AN AMUSED READER Emerald, P. E. I.

THE LIQUOR CHALLENGE

Sir,--The brewers, anticipating no serious opposition from the churches are laying hnld plans for the future. They plan to make sfrong drink easily available to all our young people. A move is on foot now to have liquor sold more widely across Canada. I have seen a mother leave a store with an arm-load of groceries and on top A black bottle of rum. This is the aim of the liquor in- terestl. the professed lovers of our country.

We have here in this Province what. is called the P. E. lslnnd Temperance Federation, but the temperancu force: here are not really federated. A small room can hold the meetings. There is greatly needed a real federation. If we look about us and see what damage liquor is doing to Chris- tian character and to homes. to health and happiness. Surely min- inter: whose business it is to preach the Gospel of mercy and love should federate themselves with this organization and if all the believers in sobriety. elders and other church members were federated in this worthy cause for the good of our boys and girls,

it would require in vrry large building to accommodate the meetings.

What can ll big temperance fed- eration do? it can, at least, with n well-prepared program, meeting every three months. stir up new enthusiasm among its own mem- bers. Then we would hear from our pulplta, at least once a year. warm sermons along this line.

It is not fair that liquor firms should get all the publicity. No wonder the drinking habit is llpreading fast. The populdr brands are vocal compared with which church people are I pack of dummies and we can do more than enthuse each other. As soon as the Government seen we are in earnest they will sit up and take notice. I Am not hinting we go Into politics. but there are way: of drawing Attention of the Gate nment to one of the great- est lln that afflicts our coun- trlh A blx. living temperance fed- eration can do that. and nodouht of It. The fast spreading of this evil business challenge: all Chris- tian people.

I am. Sir. efc..

' cat etiquette.

ed Interests Of

PU!"-lCF0'WM NOTES BY THE WAY

, You probably grumble if you Ihave to walk a block to get a pail lof honey and yet R bee has to tra- tvcl 43.776 milcs'to gather a pound. l-Stratford Beacon - Heal-aid.

It's a terrible thought! Herc freshmen entering university this fall are the class of 1958. a year most of us had been associating with trips to the moon and such. -Hamilton spectator.

For most. youngsters the "edu- cational films" are those animal pictures having to do with the ex- ploits of Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. -The Chatham Daily News.

The really during part of that. colonells order to American army wives in Frankfurt was his insis- tence that blue jeans must: not be worn my "mature women". What. armed guard under presure or what firing squad is to decide which are the "mature" women? And who will notify his next of kin -Boston Post.

Winston Churchill was rebuked by the Cat: Protection League, an iorganization of English cat lovers. lfor fondling in cat during the At- lantic Charter meeting with Pres- ident Roosevelt. The league charged that Churchill, by picking up the eat before it showed any interest in him, had failed to conform to -Reader's Digest.

Don't laugh at the fellow who Is an eccentric or screwball. because it's this type of person who's apt to come up with an idea. that might change the world. A right of de- mocracy is the right. to be differ- ent, so when you see somebody do- Eng something in an odd or start- ling manner, don't. laugh at. him, watch him. -Sackville Tribune- Post.

We can do almost anything I! this modern world of ours-except learn to live happily and peace- fully. Many of the problems which beset us could be solved-or never allowed to occur-if cool, detached thought were given to them. Per- haps we would do much better if men of thought replaced the men of action in command of so many realms of life. -Windsor Daily Star.

The prime cause of most. occl- dents is bad manners. Speed. drink- ing, and lack of skill play their part. but. in the majority of cases it is because some driver refused to rocognlu other people's rights. He must get. there first even if he his to take chancu. As long as people drive on the principle of pushing other people around and regardleu of their rights, we shall continue to have traffic nccldents. -London Free Press.

"Loaded men with lulled rifles make: A bad combination in the bush. They are just. an deadly and just an unpredictable as the mo- torist who mixes alcohol with gu- ollne. Gun licenses are now being issued for nnother hunting sea- son. Let us have no people killed this year by the gun that no one knew was loadedulrrafflc safety experts tell us-if you .drlnk, don't.

Hunting safety experts tell us-if you hunt, donlt. drink. -Budbury star.

The exploit nf Mnrllyn hell, that young girl of to who was the first Dfmon to swim lake Ontario and who remained 21 hours in the cold water should make an impru- slon on those who pan their time critic our youth. ft is morn free and easy than yastcrdlyi. but has none the less initiative and endurance. she will mlke her way like those before her and perhaps better in all the Ipharu of human activity. -Le Drolt. Ottawa.

Tips an the bone of non

st 1- 3 M W- 1- GWEN pm lives and the mu or life to "”5' " 1'' others. The word is to ' ' ' hm come from the old English I-AUNDIUID. coffee house: of the elghfcm 10 g t cenlgory. F t n wh: m,dt f . , . can were encour r l . Thu Agt sfory a. coin in I box in 5:: night of”: Pmmn waiter. 111:: legegld on the t , l was ' more on inns" d in non. lurks not flu alt!-Mm the first term: of enchpword .33. m ' WAY Mt 01 850 lord: neither be wary ca "tip". Now, like everything clan. GENT t:.:"..,...""'.::":.........: " '.":..'z :r.:':":' 3232:: .:.'."'.:.:'.:.'.i:r t t T . " .,v sfnfbilrlbcsonlnwboibf blllynu hsvnlopuy. ..xlip g.g,g.g,,, . gn.gg-,...- surloo lugord. v

Harmony '

driver if you drive don't drink.-

Belter understanding among the nations of the world is no doubt a noble goal, but somehow life was much more peaceful in the old days when there were whole con- tinents we hardly knew existed.- Edmonton Journal.

some discoveries of pally thiev- ery in a plant are made in the” oddest ways. An executive at l. I. DuPont's Belle Works near Chur- leston, West Virginia, tells how I young lad unwittingly put. the fin- ger on his old man. A geography teacher in the school across the rivcr from the chemical plant uk- ed her class what is produced there. The boy stuck up his hand and in- nocently declared "antifreeze. pen- cils, light bulbs and toilet paper." Teacher's jaw fell and she asked where he obtained this information. The reply: "That's what. my daddy brings home in his lunch pull every night." -Prom Wall street Journal.

fIl.?:E.:” Tgwzet

Once quiet meant discord and p in

My frantic mind willed hurricane To blow away its disbelief,

But violence brought it no relief. How does it happen that a bough

In winter stillness calms me now?

The spirit. sees what it has known: it prints its trials on leaf and stone.

So leaf and stone record for me The ways I went unwittingly. What did I find? What do I know That makes the silence beckon so?

-Cecil 1-lcmley.

Old Chnrloiioiown

and P. I I. IEITLEBS FIOM SKY!

"The brig Rather. Captain Hall. six weeks from Tobermory, with 229 passengers. all natives of the isle of Syke. arrived here on Tuesday last. one child died and another was born on the plunge, so that the number landed cor- responded with that taken on board. They seemed all in robust health. and we have no doubt will prove themselves to be I hardy and lb- dustrious clan of settlers.

"The ship Nlth. Captain lhnw. having on board 315 passengers. or- rived here yesterday from the Isle of Skye, all in good health. We understand the chief part of them have some property and are likely to become good settlers. The ship also landed n number of passen- gers at Clpe Breton."

-Royn1Gnzetle. Sept. ls, 1840.

Refrigeration Repairs To an Makes

APPLIAN obs saws o simvlcn

HUTOIS aowinaing and aepuu mmormoan M- llalnllt Elutrlc;

- other:

Canadian: an In accustomed to food abundance Jud whut lur- plulu that very few Among us give more than fragmentary atten- 'tion to the world food situation which but never,been very good and. in the opinion of some ex- perts. promises to get worse in- stead of better as time goes on. Al one drivel along our Island road: than day: it: is difficult to believe that of the 2 U2 billions .of human being: on the earth.

approximately 1,700,000,000, are either starving or suffering from extreme msuiutrltlon from scar- city of food.

Yet, that is the situation as dil- cloled It the recent meeting in Rome of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Pop- ulation. held under the auspices of various United Nations agen- cies. A report of the conference gives the interesting information that, whereas in previous meet- ing: (there have been five in all) the emphasis was on falling birth rates in Western countries, at this meeting it was on rising birth rates in Allntlc countries. This is of special significance. It means that the standard of living in traditionally backward areas is being improved. No one would find any fault with that; but it makes the future, so far as the general world food situa- tion is concerned. more uncertain than ever. Obviously, the better the standard of living, the higher the birth rate and, especially, the rate of infant. siirvlval.

The experts are asking one an- If there is not enough food now for 2 U2 billion people. what will the situation be like. say. in 1980. when, according to present trends. the population will have increased to more than 4 billions?

As was to be expected in a meeting called to discuss popula- tion trends and food supplies, the economic beliefs of Thomas Robert Malthu: came up for re- view. It will be recalled that that 18th century English economist was the first notable expert in his field to chart scientifically the course of population with respect to available food supplies. He came to the conclusion that pop- ulation increases geometrically as 3. 9. 27. 81, 243. while the means of support increases arithmeti- cnlly as 3, 6, 9. 12, 15.

If that were true-and no one has ever bothered to disprove it- one would not need any training in higher mathematics to realize that. eventually, everybody on the earth would starve to death. That. substantially. is what Mnlthus be- lleved. For I while the so-called "Multhusian idea" flourished: then it declined: now it is being re- examined with renewed respect. A British economist is quoted as saying recently that "world DOP- ulatlon trends constitute the most important problem in the world at this time: and Dag Hammersk- jold. Secretary-General of the United Nations laid the other

day: "The world is skating on very. very thin ice." . o .

Since Malthus' time scientific

developments have had far-reach- ing effects on agricultural meth- ods with I consequent increase In food supplies: on the other hand. the name developments have help-

r'l'lIc Posting” Scone Q observes IOPULATIONLND '00!)

more than two-thirds of them. or

o

.'.l.'bo Guardian

ed to increase the world's pop. ulstlon at an even greater "1. This means that the overall ple- turo with respect to Mntlhur 1 time: versus 3 plus 3 in about tn. nu-no now as lb was then.

It is therefore clear that two alternative solution: to the prob. lem or series of problems.-pm. sent themselves, viz: (1) luv. the ,.l-iundredl of millions of half. starved Asinstlcs alone. and tam. inc will reduce their numbers (2) increase the food supply so mu everybody will have enough. For various reasons, political and hum. snltarlan, the first solution can in ruled out, which leaves an in. crease, I very considerable in. crease, of food as the only thing left to do.

How to bring this about in time to do any good is now occupying the attention of various United Nations organizations. There are, of course. the conventional things, such u better and more exten- sive use of land; further exploit- ation of marine resources which, the experts say, has been prac- tised only scuntlly compared with the possibilities; better distribu- tion of surpluses (wheat. for in- stance) and so on.

But even when all these thing: have been done, there will still not be enough food to provide for the expansion of population. (in- cidentally. nt this meeting in Rome I very interesting point war brought out about surpluses in wheat which occur from time tn time in the Americas. For West ern people: what is n basic foot but in Asia. where the shortage of food is always acute. the masses of the people don't care for it; what is more, they don't thrive on it very well. Rice is what they want and need.

A way has now been found to convert wheat into rice or, at any rate, into I substance which will have the appearance and most of the qualities of rice. Ono expert at the meeting in Rome, a Dr. Brown of the California In- stitute of Technology. seems to believe that food habits are large- ly to blame for so much semi- starvntion in the world. "If tho people of the world were content to derive their main nourishment from the products of algae (sen- weed) and yeast. factories". said Dr. Brown, "a world population of 50 billion person: could event- ually be supported comfortably." Dr. Brown may be right; never- theless It is safe to say that it: will take more than expert opin- ion to turn Western people from roast beef and pork to kelp and yeast capsules.

The consensus of opinion at the Rome meeting was that nuclear power-provided the threat of war does not last forever-gives the but hope for keeping food sup- plies in step with population in- crease. One man went so far as to predict the day when power will produce all the food neces- sary without any aid from agri- culture. Prcsumnbly. that will mean one capsule in the morninft. two it noon, and three in the evening. with perhaps half a cap- sule for In late snack.

From the viewpoint of' than who are used to solid food and plenty of it. that is a bleak pros- pect; but at least it would keep the spirit of Malthus from belnt able to say: ''I told you so!"

AND 00.

Since

nrununu

INSURANCE

Ofllulz CIIAILOTIETOWN -

LIMITED

1872. sumrnnsmn : Morruoun

INSULA

Inc loldnu nvollnblo

tumor or write Cinn- dlon Johns-Mnnvlllo, I oqn. ms. I” luv 1

8., Toronto.

for-ms-MAuvn.I.ls"

SPIIITEX

B(?('llf utiiimim llP(il!

Enioy New Year-Round Comfort!

E with

fluv-.3.x fiiwl (0818!

.:'.)p. lit-til

sn,.vo.un NEAIlTS't.J-'M brain-I .- -- -

T AVAILAILI AT

L

roots 3. lco.i.

um 5311-5512 a

a.