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Y JANUARY 15, 1924

Vice-President. l. ll. lnrnettt

. A. lleelflnnnn, D. l. 0. Aaaoolnte Illtol. B. K. Cnrrlo.

lnilvc—ll. J.

the following ngenln ln l‘. T. Iunh . Prince 5|. Grocery J. nIy. noen be.

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If. ‘Iholnn White, 1% Elm Ave. WII- lhlnlel. tin-tug run llonl

PLAIN TALK’

.\Ir. T, A. (‘return IUTIIIPI‘ leader of the Progressives and still their recognized spokesman, came, be saw, and whether he conquered or Our Ot- tawa desptttchea yesterday -morn- lug told the story and it is u sing- ularly significant one. .\ir. Crerar made it very clear, in words to the publicthat. atithough he had come to Ottawa on the invitation of Prentler King, he was NOT invited m take a seat in the cabinet.

He also wanted it diatinctly uh- demtood that he had not been num- orized by the Progressives to speak fior them; that he was discussing matters with the Premier as n private member 0f the House and expressing his own views.

not remain» to be seen.

‘He taker. the public, including the Progressives, into his confid- ence and tells what he told the Premier. Ha did not tell him much but what he did tell was very much to the point: in fact it reads like what one would say while hold- ing a revolver against the cheat of

. and 011,001. a genardfmiia-u-ouud um silt‘ tiou. Willi the King Gov-

the mun he was speaking to. These are the few "policies" which he in- timated lo Premier King SHOULD be followed by the government:-— 1 Retrenchment in expenditures. 2 A baiancedybudget. 3 Fiscal Reform. 4 A representative to Washing- ton. i Safeguards for bank depositors and government inspection banks. 6 Changes in our electoral sys- fem. 7 THE REORGANIZATION Oi" THE GOVERNMENT NECESS- —--ARY T0 CARRJY OUT THESE POLICIES. Having said all this, and probab- ly more, Mr. Crerar let it bo known to the public, including Mr. King, the government and the Progres- sives, that he was leaving Ottawa for New York and would not again visit Ottawa until the opening of parliament. lie left this bill of fare for Premier King to ponder over and to govern himsolfaccord- Iligly. These were some at least of the policies the King Government must adopt or—weil, Mr. Crerar was not authorized by the Pro- grellivae to say so, but these were the policies of the Progres- sives in the nature of things the Impressive» could not be ex- give their support to a party that would not suplwrt them. The tint two items on the bill of tare up common to all political partieuI, They are standing planks In a-il political platforms and Pre- mier King, having used them him- lolf before his election, though not lines, could swallow them without aig-rimice.

The 1rd, fiscal reform, wae not l0‘ linigie and in carrying it out there may be some difficulty, The Progredoiva idea of fiscal ‘reform had b ‘n new! long ' since, had mu. hpenadopted by thoflLiberai palrty. aft included duty freq egrii culture! i-aniemouu. And - other mus-want; n») trapper. boot!

of

jun"; yield to m su- Lomer stafw. s. fielding and come ‘ Liberal: bu! ripped than l [out of the Llllbrai platform

lfthareforo they should join the

Bank inspection was refused hi‘ ms King government last session. Will they yield to it now?

Itcconstrutztlon of the cabinet in such a manner as will enable it' to curt-y out these reform-e, is a preily big ‘order. LaPointc will take the sent vacated by Gouin; E. If. Mc- lkinaid will take Lupointe’! sent. but who will take liicflonalws? {They cannot appoint a new mun its there is not a Liberal in the whole party whose constituency cpuid be safely opened.

tin any case we now know the price the government is asked to pay for enough Progressive support w’ carry it through the session. Will the government pay the price? Will the Progressives come over without the price and just to nave their own personal $4,000?

1t is now a safe guess that Mr. Crerar is not going to enter the Mr. Dunning has no idea of leaving the premiership of Saskatchewan and ‘embarking on a sinking ship.

Cabinet at present and that

I

-—-—-oo¢r——— DALHOUSIE REVIEW

The January number of the Dul- housie Review is an exceptionally interesting one. Among a number of ably written articles there are at least two which are worthy oi.’ special mention untl which will be read with interest. These are "Newfoundland and the ‘Paper Sup- ply," by Sir Patrick McGrutii, and “The Menace of University Presi- dents," by J. F. Snell, Professor of Chemistry, MacDonald College. Anti there are others, all good. wholesome Canadian literature. educative, interesting, timely. This magazine, now slfllltlfi at the top of the list of high class Canadian magazines anti should be read in every Cahatlian home.

vp "

TRIFLING WITH A DILEMMA

Premier Mackenzie King, who is just now endeavoring to persuade IPremier Dunning of Saskatchewan and Hon. T. A. Crerar enter his cabinet, is by the samritoken toy- ing with one of the horns of a de- solatlng dilemma, says the Sydney Post. _ '

Mr. Dunning la the Liberal pro mier of a free trade prairie prov- ince. Mr. Crerar owes his seat in parliament to the support he re- ceived from the Progress-Ive voters of Marquette, Manitoba. Neither of these politicians will bring any strength to the Cabinet, unless they enter it with assured low-tar- iff concessions, sufficient In delree to satisfy the aapirationaof the Western grain growers. iFor nei- ther Mr. Dunning nor Mr. Crerar is a brilliant parliamentarian, nor an effective public speaker. nor a striking political strategist. In all these respects they are oubclass- ed by a score of private members of the House of Commons. Mr. King wants them in the Cabinet for :t.ha strength they will repre- islrt in the couufzryr-for that and nothing more they have to give.

Ministry under conditiornu that would alienate their western cup- ponr-u would be the cue if they accepted w. ibiios without gait-

thencoqnvord coin: to ' ‘than. Gouin in out of the f. Ilr. Fielding was anppolod ht m. to u» onqemjut of

k lantern, halo coming

simply be the addition of a couple more modiouritiea to a Cabinet which really doe: not need h fur-

ing substantial tariff reductions for the Worn-tho result wouhl

Notes By the Way

In connection with the VBPIUIII qlectlono it is pointed out that the

them a majority of 70 in the House of Commons. The re-united Liber- als got 150.000 more and Labor 250.000 more than in the previous election. In round figures there were 14,900,000 votes recorded in the recent election, and the gains and losses of the three parties by

greatly increased strength of Labor and Liberal new House. that what happened in 1922 was that the Conservative party, by litmnzing good luck sectired vastly tum-c seats titan its voting strength warranted, and in the recent elec- tion the favors of fortune were Iilllrl‘ t-vt-niy tiisfrihiltcd.

the parties in the

This time the Labor party i; the most fortunate of the three. having. nu is claimed, l5 more seats than is warranted by its voting strength.

Either with two or three principal parties in the field this tiispropor-

fion of representation to the pop- ular voting strength Ililg muny times occurred and will continue to recufuntii some system of pro- port-ionni representation is adopted. in Canada the Union Government was much over-represented In Par- liament after the general election of 1917, and in like manner the Liberal and Progressive parties are much over-represented in Pur- liamsnt at present. lt was the Conservative party that suffered from this cause in 1921, and is now beyond question the most popular party of the three in the Dominion while it holds but 62 seats in a House of 235 members.

There is a growing demand for pro- portional representation throughout the British Empire, and In fact throughout the English-speaking world. What has delayed its adop tiou has been the want of some simple anti easily understood plan to make it effective. Thig will in time be found anti_many experi- ments have already been made to that end in different countries, al- though-without altogether satisfact- ory ret-tults. Proportional repre- sentation once gained would tend to stabilize both the government and legislation of tbs country and would prevent the recurrence of such anomalies as the election of 192i In which much more than one- third of the population of Nova Sco- tia, Prince Edward Island and Que- bec were left without representa- t1on and the three xrairie Pro- vinces iargely in the same condi- tiou.

A redistribution of seat: in the Federal Parliament must be made at the coming session if the Con- stitution. is to be observed. Sev- eral Provinces east of the Great Lakes will lose a seat or two and these with a number more will be added to the representation of the Went, making the new House oi‘ Commons contain 245 members- ten mom than at present. On- tario's representation has fluctuat- ed considerably in the past 66 years. it. began with 82 members in 1e61, advanced‘ to 9241x1331 and has uince fallen to 82, n reduction of 10 from its maximum. Nova Scotin began with 19. gained two in 1872, which made its maximum number 21, and has since 1914 had but 16 members and now stands to lose two more under the coming

redistribution. New Brunswick started with 15 members, gained

one in 1872 and has since lost five or one-third of its original num- ber, and ha; had only 11 since 1914, Prince Edward Island in common with the other Maritime Provinces,

Continued on Page Si: Daily Selections

FOR

Guardian Readers

"t WILL o0 no LONGER."

I will go no longer in shadow-

1 will walk in the sun.

j will gird myself for a 10117119)’- 1 will go, being done-

Done with the mimicking pageant And the press of the mart- Done, I tell you. with masking The dreams in m! hill"!

l will go no longer in silence-

I will make ms u tune.

I-wiil put seven white stars in if.- Seven roses of noon.

i will gather ma wild pomegranate I am done with the smart-

The sting of forever bushing

The songs in my heart!

I will go no longer tin falters. I‘- hlve made myself free. I have ked-—l have come to the borders 0f the fatbomieu an.

Free-for

I have Inked, 1 have come to the fringes

0f the ultimate shore.

my dreaming . . .

anemia; aaui... u» mm-

In!‘

ther ntpply of that kind of miter-

"‘" .1_...-t..._..i

dreaming . . . And my IOIII . . . evormors. revue

Conservative party received only 20, ""1 IIIIWIIW" b! ""1" 000 fewer votes than in the previous WW9"! 07 "0": 0' I"- election. which had then given “mt "w flwivtmvwn

no means accounts for the present

It is now explained

The Public Forum

This column. lo. open for

Guardian don not noduean lly- endorn the opinion ex- preued by its correspon- dents.

§+o THE ‘ BANKRUPTCY ACT.

Sin-Last year produced an un- usual number of failures duc mostly to unfavorable business conditions. In the winding up of these con- cerns the Bankruptcy Act gives an unfair deal to the small creditors. it in fact saddles upon them practi cafly the whole cost of winding up and also with the major portion untl frequently the whole of the losses. while at the some time it tieprivoa them of u corresponding voice in disposing of the assets and direct- ing the closing of the estate. Large IIOIIBN-i or firms by tho very nature of their business urn obliged to secure large bunk cred- its or capitalists nccomodution. This is invariably secured by bonds or hypothacation of ail assets. These bondholders, most frequently the chartered banks, as secured and protected creditors stand to lusc nothing if the assets are sufficient! to cover their tiemands. Th0 stuull creditor must be the whole loser and is also obliged to shoulder the whole cost and expense of winding up the estate. The great injustice of the Act in in giving to these protected creditors a controlling, vote to appoint their own favorite attorneys, inspectors. custodians and asuignoes and generally load such -expenso as-ihey see fit upon the estate, none of it to be borne by them but all to be saddled upon the unfortunate unsecured credit- ors. By ‘this means, the whole us- sets being absorbed by themselves and their chosen employees the small creditor is left to mourn, ber eft of everything and shorn to the skin.

it is of course true that in the case of chartered bunks of high standing this power is rarely taken advantage of, the managers as a rule being satisfied to ret-it upon their security and refusing to inter- fere. The system, however. is a vicious one in itself and as the Bankruptcy Act now applies to all insolvencies" ottr lawyer represent- ative, Mr. D. A. hIcKiunon. should at once take the matter up in par- liament and have it amended so as to remove this injustice against the

t

i

Lomwrowttcuannmrw ' en ohfldiviue service had to be of and "dungeons and It was a crime to be known as u utcmbe. of our Holy Faith, but the Faith was there and" still old Saxon time. even though the Iuutl hatl be- come heathen fn many parts, our

great tnsuy others think that the old English (Yhtlrtrit was not the (‘hurch oi‘ Rome I ask them to sim- ply rend original history anti judge for themselves. By origlunl hil-iiory I mean the very records themselv- es, written long before tho Refor- matlon.

translated and published, and thus pincod within the reach 0f the peo- ple. The translators untictlitornltrt- goneruily non-Catholics, who muy be trusted not to twist a word in favour of Iiomanism. They can purchase or procure the following five books-any others. of course, if they like, only let them be orig- inni:-——

century. Both St. Coiumbaund Ad- umnan were monks of the Celtic and Scottish Church, nnti the work titers-fore presents n graphic pic- tttrc of at least the development of Celtic Early British Christian- ity. It is edited by Dr. Reeves, the Protestant Bishop of Limerick.

one can learn not only the history, but the tioctrinai beliefs and prac- tices 0

on tintes.

fare up in caves

lived. uo also in the

Holy Faith was struggling along

ulIII there and against

597 Pope Gregory the Great sent to Britain a holy Ilenitiictine monk

liktrthc great St. Augustine of his sanctity and who by his ard- ent zeai and example effected mar- vellous conversions among whom was King Etheibert who reigned in Britain at the time. Augustine was but a ntisslonary sent to stimulate the faithful and ntld new ntembers to the fold, just nu the missionar- ieu of todny come to uu to.cxbort us to wuik morn carefully in the path of virtue unti rightcottsnesu but as fur us the fuilh of lim Brit- ons prinr to Si. Attgitutine is cott- cernctl, It was purl of the (‘hurch of Rome just as Canada, Aitutrai- in or intlia is pnrl of the British Empire. Just bccaItso we tin not reside in the ct-ntrul polut. dot-u not cut its off from the fold.

ll‘ “interested Render" and fi

Many 0i’ these are now happily

1. The Life of Si. Coiumba, writ- en by Atlntunan in the seventh

2. St. Hedda Ecclesiastical His- ory, edited by Dr. Giles. From it

the Church in Anglo-Sax-

great odds for its exiatencta-Finaily, in

named Augustine to win tho cotm- try buck to Jesus Christ and who

the fourth century was noted for

poorer and stuailcr creditors. I am, Sir, etc,

EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH

Sir,—in your issue of January 8th, you have a letter by "interest- ed Reader" which contains stato- ments which are more or less mis lending. While it may not be with- in my jurisdiction as a member of the lnity to discuss all the points which he brings forward. neverthe- less there are one or two points which l think i uni perfectly iu order in discussing. As a rule we do not enter upon controversies \VI'l9l'8 such a vital subject LI}; rc- llgiou is concerned unless it scents absolutely necessary to clear up some ntisrcpresentatious as in the present instance. Wc uli know that controversies, while they do clear up some points. on tho whole, they but seem to have filo effcct of widening the breach bntwccn the contending parties instead oi‘ mending tuntters. Moreover, they cannot. make themselves clear titt- icss thcy go inw tietnil, and lbcrc is no spnce in our newspapers for lengthy articles. The result is tbut the article in cut down lu 0r- tier to reproduce it. untl probably the very part which gives forco and emphasis to the article is the very part which is unconsciously cut. out. Also in a lengthy article them are apt to be typographical errors which entirely change the meaning and throw into the urtic- le n significance which tho writer never intended, therefore where such a vitni subject nu religion is at stake, we keep out of controv- ersies if at all possible. Gregory did not overstrt-tch bin rightful uti- thority at nil when he gave St. Att- guutino jurisdiction over the bit-th- ops of the British Church as "In- terested Reader" boldly asserts. “interested Re der" must not con- found the Cbur h of England with the early English faith.

Pope Gregory writes to St. Au- gustine, giving him "authority" to constitute bishops. and giving him "authority" over them. St. Augus- tine goes to Rome and receives the paliium or symbol of Roman authority from the Pope. ‘Pope Gregory directs Augustine how he is to exercise his authority. His let ters are given in St. Bede's Eccles- iastical History. If anyone doubts that the Saxon Church recognized Roman supremacy, let him read St. Bede‘s account.

The dispute between St. Augus- tine and the British bishops was not about Roman doctrine or Ro- man Authority. but about the pre- ferences of an old Rom-an Easter- cycis over a later Roman one. Tho chief points at issue were nothing more alarming than the day for keeping Easter. and the way in which monks should cut their hair. The Britons bad known the Church of Christ long before Att- guatiue‘: time. but when the Sax- ons came to England they were u warlike people and after driving

A Small Creditor.

out the Picts and Scots. turned up on the Britons themselves and drove them out too. They cared little for religion and the Chris- tiana were hidden away In the mountains of Wales and In many places under cover, as it were, af- raid to worship God openly, but the used of our Holy Faith was there. even though the land under the Saxon rule had become appar- ently heathen. Just as In the time of Henry VIII and also of Elin- both when monasteries and piec on of divine worlhlp were soiled and confiscated to the Crown and the mpgkp and religion; ggrc driv-

aki ‘ll-N Ev

ti. Any of the English Chronicles, such as the Anglo-Saxon) Chron- icle, the (Ehrotticle of Florence of Worcester, or Gervaue oi’ Cnntec bury. or Roger of Wentiover. or hiatlhew of Westminster. The Bur iton Ailnais, or William of Mui- Ittiesbury. These give us u view of

iEbat fl 380112 of gourd

By lulu "f. THE THREE AGES

We read in our early days about the seven ages of man.'

I can't just remember. the finite periods off hand. but ln| thinking of ihni. botly of yours I cun think oi’ three definite periods. Tile first is the age of fifteen in a boy, or thirteen in u girl. the uge of puberty. The mm.) anti wom- uu bus emerged from childhood. ‘rim second In the tnnture ago of fwvtlty five l0 twenty seven, when bolll mt-n anti women have rt-uch- eti their full tnutttrity. Tiicy may umw stronger or weaker, imt iu- sofur us natural growth anti ti.»

vt-lnpiltctlf in cottcerntiti Nature has

tic-

t-titttjtletetl her work. You are then at your full growth nud what ltnppcnu tiere-