t7 I» l

Ax ,o.

i .—,i

and is ihen continued fora great distance upon low ground

having before it a deep canal, which also extends along tlfli“ southern face, serving as a wet ditch to both. ,Thére in; very large suburb on the low ground in frout'ofthe wesuud south faces, and attlio south-east angle is the Tartar city, which isa separate fortress, divided 0an the Chinese town by high walls. The eastern time extends in an irregular line for many miles, running towards the south ‘over a spur oi Chuugshang, a precipitous mountain, overlooking the whole country, the base of which commands the rampart. In this face are three gates; tho most nothcrly (the ’I‘esbing) is up— pronchable by a paved road, running between wooded hills to within 500 paces otthe walls, whence it is carried along u cultivated flat; the next (the Taiping) is within a few hun- dred yards oftlie base of Chungshang, and that to the south (the Chanyang) enters the Tartar city. of unbroken wall between the 'I‘esliiug gate and the river, hardly approachable from swamps and low paddy lurid, and the space between the Teshing and 'I‘aiping gates is occu-l pied by rather an extensive lake. The neighbourhood ol these last-mentioned gates was very closely and imiicrously ro- connoitred by Liam-Colonel Montgomcric and Captain Pears. '

The reports as to the amount of troops in the city, which is acknowledged to contain 1,000,000 ofinhabitams, have Varied exceedingly. lam informed, however, that the fugi— tives from Chin-kenng-foo have reached this place, increas- ing the Tartar garrison to about 6,000, including the adults ofthat nation resident in the city, who are all trained to arms, and perhaps the most formidable opponents, as they fight for their families and their homes. The Chinese regulars amount, I have reason to believe, to about 0,000, besides the militia. From the great extent of the walls, said to be 20 miles in circumference, although generally ten high to esca- lads, (from about70 to 28 feet irrtbe lowest pnrt,) and born the canals, suburbs, swamps, and lake, in most places dith- cult to approach, it was evident I could take the city when- evorl pleased, by threatening it at such distant ponits, as to prevent the concentration oi a large opposing force, the very difliculties ofapproacli afibrding the means oi detaching small parties with impunity to create diversions; but I was well aware that the stand would be made in the Tartar City. My force consisted of 4,500 efi'ective fighting men ; most oi the Europeans had been with his since the commencement ofoperntions in China, and would, 1 was well assured, at once place their colours unaided on the walls whenever I gave the order, while all the new corps eagerly looked for I second opportunity of emulating their brother soldiers;

' but it wusa great object to avoid a repetition of the horrors of Chapoo and Chili-keaiig-ioo, and Sir William Parker and myself were therefore anxious to try the efl'cct of a demon- stration. .

Had active measures been called for, the north angle was the only point against which the ships could not,nnd Ideter- mined to approach or threaten the east face in its whole ex- tent,.and the south-east angle. The Cornwallis, Blonde, and heavy steamers, were accordingly placed in position, the first within 1,000 paces ofthe Ifung gate, with her broadside bearing upon a sort ofdemibastion, which it was proposed to breach; the Blonde, so as to take the dcicnces oi’that gate

and bastion in flank; and the steamers, so as to destroy the parapet oi the wall on either side the point to be breached.

instructed Major-Goneral Biirtley to enter the city at this pomt with his brigade, consisting of bar Majesty’s 18th and 49th, and the 14th Madras Native Infantry, amounting to 1,800 men, supported by 300 royal marines.

On the 11th and following days, the remainder of the force, consisting of Lord Snltonn’s brigade, the flank companies of the corps at Cliiu-keang-ioo, and the rifle company, 36th Madras Native Infantry, together with one troop oi‘borse, and three companies often: artillery, with the whole oi'the light field train and Suppers, were landed at a village about five miles down a creek, from whence it good paved road leads to the Taiping and Teshiug gates. 1 established the force in and about a large village, cqui-distant from these two gates, and decided upon my line oi'proceeding, in case we should be driven to active operations; this was to threaten the two flank gates, making the real attack to the right oftbe Taiping gate, covered by the concentrated fire of the guns from the commanding slope oftlie Chungshuug hills. This point forced, the Tartar city would virtually be taken, as my guns introduced by the Taiping gate, could im- mediately be placed upon an eminence pericctly command- ing the inner wall and town, at a distance ofa few hundred

yards, whilst the bulk of my force, by a rapid advance on i

the Drum Tower in the centre of the Chinese city, might cut off the troops defending the north and cast faces from the Tartar garrison. "

I have been thus circumstantial, my lord, it regard to my dispositions, in order to show whutl could really have done, ably supported as I am, had not my country’s interests, and I trust'iny country’s honour, been equally maintained by a mere demonstration. On the 17th, 1 received the accom- panying letter for the suspension of hostilities, from her Ma- jesty's Plenipotentiary, who will no doubt fully report upon the various circumstances and communications that preco- ded the final happy result. I, understand that full powers were sent to the Commissioners, upon the Eii‘iperor’s hear- ing oftbe fall of Chin-keang-foo; and from their anxiety to pay the first instalment, there can be little apprehension of the Emperor’s refusing to ratify a peace, which is called for by the general voice oi tlicc

. . ,ountry. In the meantime, until the whole ofthe brst instalment shall be paid, nothing shall

be relaxed in our state of preparation and precaution.

To his cxcellency Sir Henry Pottingerl am much indebted for his friendly readiness to aid me with every information in his power, and for his uniform forbearance “‘0!” all in- terfercnce in the slightest degree with militarv operations and movements. But it is not for me to enlaiiga upon the able public services of this high iiim'tiouary. ‘1 have, &c.,

II. Gouon, Lieutenant-General.

I’. 8., Aug. 29.—I have the satisfaction to add, that I have this day witnessed the signature ofthe treaty by Sir Ii. Pot- tinger, on the part ofher Majesty, and by the Commissioners Keyng, Elepoo, and Newkcing, on that ofthe Emperor; and that the ratification of peace is no longer doubtlul, the Emperor’s assent to the torn

' I is having been previously re- ceived, as Will be seen by the accompanying copv ofa. letter from her Majesty’s Plenipotentiary to the addressiofSir \Viu. Parker and myself, with its inclosure.

Piuvs'rs, Dumas or rail: A'r'rscx ox Cuis-Ksano-roo. -—Now the real struggle began, and a sanguiuary one it pro- ved. The ladders were planted with magic rapidity, and the grenadior company at the 55th (who were, properly speak~ mg, the forlorn hope) commenced their dangerous ascent under cover ofa close fire from the Rides, who were stretch‘ ed on their fronts on the face of the hill, picking ofi' every man who showed himself at the embrnsures. .Tho Tartar troops for a short time kept up a heavy fire. They behaved with great spirit, and disputed every inch ofthc ramparts, availing themSeIVes with great tact of their knowledge of the localities to gull our troops and screen their own. Many men on both sides fell dead or wounded ; blit the advance of our force was too rapid, well-sustained, and vigorous, to be long resisted. The first man who reached the top ofthe wall was LieuteuautCuddy, of the izronadier company of the 55th. He behaved with matchloss gallantry. Slowly but firmly he climbed the ladder. On reaching the top, he waved his sword, and then 'delibrntely seated himseli'v'on the wall and assisted his men over. “At this moment,” writes a spectator, “the anxiety and interest which was felt by every one ibr his safety who witnessed his daring conduct we.“ intense. lcould scarcely breathe! It was more than miraculous that he Was not shot dead or hurled from the wall. It was like a man Jumping into his own cofiiii. He was sevorely wounded in the foot by u Jiiigiill bull while on the wall, which disabled him for the l‘estnoftlie day.” His gallant example was instantly followed. Officers and men swarmed up the well like bees, fresh men instantly replacing those who were struck down, and a continued movement being made in advance in the midst ofthe work oi'destruc- tion, which raged fiercely around. in about a quarter oi an hour, the ensign of England and the colours oi'thc 55th were shown from the Wall, which was responded to by three hour- ty cheers from the fleet. But‘thougb the colours were

here is a long line.

showmfiiy'piaes washb'yf‘ho means taken; on the contrary,l obi“ men had tbg‘grea'tostdificulty in drivnig the enemy from the walls; ‘The'Turtnra fought with great bravery, made re— ,peated phnrges, with their long spears, and disputed every ‘inch of ’i'omid. The British bayonet, however, at length prevails . The enemy returned to the town and took shel- ter in the houses, from which they kept up a most deadly and liarrassingfire. Our troops were aimed at from all quarters, without being able to see from whence. the balls came; and it" was not until they made a general charge, and closed in upon the houses, that they were able to return the fire with any effect. This destructive firing was protracted for five or six honrs, till darkness favoured the enemy’s es- cape fi‘om the walls or gates. _ . Farou'rruz. Scsuss or Dnsrsoc'rrox.—When i-eSistance was entirely conquered, the city presented a dreadful spec- tacle. An officer present writes :—“I walked through a part of the town next day with an escort. It was almost entirely deserted, at least no further resistance was offered by its now terror-stricken inhabitants. I need not say that the most disgusting sights met the eye at every step. The dead and wounded ol'tlic enemy (although most of them had been carried away) were lying about in all directions, no atten- tion 'whatever being paid to the latter. Already had the houses and shops been broken open, and the most valuable property (as teas, bales ofsilk, furs, &c.,) was scattered about like rubbish. All the honscs which were supposed to have any connection with Government or Government ofliccrs were either burnt or being burned. As at other places we have taken from the Chinese, suicides were committed to a tcnriiil extent—men, women, and children were found stran~ glcd, or taken out oftlie wells by dozeiis.”......Another letter adds still more distressing particularsz—“l nevrr saw so much loss oflife and property us took place here: Wt: lost officers and men enough, but it is impossible even to coin- pntc the loss of the Chinese, for, when they found they could stand no longer against us, they cut the throats oftlieir wives and children, or drove them into “wells or ponds, and then destroyed themselves; in many houses there wgre ii~oni eight to twelve dead bodies, and I myself saw a dozen wo- men and children drowning tlieiiiselvesin a small pond the day after the fight. The whole oftliet-ity and suburbs are a mass of ruins; whole streets have been burned down, and the place has been completely gutted by Chinese plun- dcrers.” / /

Annexed is the circular published by the British Plenipo- tentiary announcing the treaty ofpoace.

“ T0 BER BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S SUBJECTS IN

CHINA.

“ Her Britnnnic Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, &c., in China, has extreme gratification in announcing to Her Majesty’s supine” in China, that he has this day Concluded and signed, with the Chi- nese High Commissioners, depuch to negotiate with him. a treaty, of which the following are the most important provisions .—

H !, Lasting peace and friendship between the two umpires.

“2, China to pay 2|,000,000 dollars in the course oftiic pre- sent and three succeeding years. _

~‘ 3. The ports ofCantun, Ainov, Foo-cliow-foo, Ningpoo, and Shanghai, tube thrown upon to British merchants ; consular ofli‘ cers fo be appointed to reside at lliem; andrrcgulur and just turifi's nfimport and export (as well as inland transit) duties to be established :md published. ‘

“4. The island oi'tliing-Kong t.) be coded in porperluiiy to

her Britannic Mujestv, her heirs uiid successors H r o.

All subjects of her Britannic Majesty (whether natives of Europe or India) who may be confined in any part oftlie Chinese empire to he uiicontlitionally releused.‘

‘- 6. An act of full and entire amnesty 'to be’ published by the Emperor, under his Imperial Sign, Manual and Soul, to all Chi- ncso subjects, on account oftlicir having held service or inter: course with, or resided under, the British Government or its; othecrf. « .

“ 7. Correspondence to be conducted on terms liiy amongst the officers of both Governments. .,

“.8. ()n the Emperor‘s assent being received to this lreatv,'untl the payment oftlie first. iiistalineiit. 6,000,000 dollars, her Britain- nic Majesty’s forces to retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and the military posts it Cliinhm toiie'nhio withdrawn, but the islunds of,Chusan and Kolangspp arc to bo held until the money payments and the urrangomenis Tor opening' the ports be com- pleted. ' ' ' ' '

“ In promulgating this highly satisfactory intelligence, licr Ma'- jcsty's Plciiipolcnliurv, &c.,pnrposely refrains from any detailed expressions ofliis own sentiments us to the surpassing skill, loncrgy, devotion, and velour which have distinguislind the uni: lulis grades, from the highest. to the lowest, ofull arms oflier Ma- ‘ljosty's combian forces. during the contest that has led to these momentous results. The claims which have been thus (38in- hlislicd will bu, doubtless, acknowledged by the highest nulborii- tics. In the i"l"'ll] time her Majesty‘s Plenipotentiary congratu- luios her Maj ty's sulrjucis in China on the occasion bfllio peace. which lie trusls and believes will, in dur- tiaiac, be equally bone. ficiul to the sulijcctszind iiiiorcsls ol'boili England and China.

“ Curl save the (Queen.

“Dated on board the Sle‘dlll'li'lgille Queen, in the Yuutr-tse- iliiillig river, offi‘innktng, this 2th| day of August. 1542. n i “ HENRY PO'i‘TlNGER, *

“ Hci Mujusty's Plenipotentiurv. “G. A. Malcolm, Secretary ul'chulion.” '

AFFGHANISTAN. IETAIIS OF THE Ii‘i‘GiI’l‘ .‘ T TITZEEN. (From. Major—Gm. Pollock’s Dispatch.)

I marched from So Ilaba on the 11th inst., and arrived at Tezcen the some day, where l was joined by Major-General M‘Caskill, with the second division. On the 12th,l halted, iii consequence ofthc cattle oi the 2d division having sufliared firom the effects of fatigue, caused by their forced iiuircli; this halt the enemy imagined to be the result of hesitation, and in the afternoon attacked the pickets on the left flank, and became so during that I considered it necessan to send Lieut.-Colone| Taylor, with 250 men of lier lllajestv’s 9th foot, to drive them back. Some sharp lighting tool; place, and the enemy were driven up the neighbouring bills, from the crests of which they kept up a heavy fire. Lieut.-Co|o- nel Taylor, however, with a small party, crept up one end oftho .Illll unperceived by the enemy, who Wore hotly en- gaged in their front, and lay concealed until joined by a few more of his men, when, rushing upon'the flank of the as- tounded Afl‘ghans, lie inflicted a severe lesson, pourinir in a destructive fire upon them as they fled down the hill. A cliieiiain was found among the slain, who it is supposed was the brother of Khoodabux Khan. The enemv remained inofl‘ciiswe on our leit flank, in consequence oftliis very Well planned and gallant affair of Lieut.-Colonel Tavlor’s and Witlidrew to the right, where they commenced a’fnrioiis nt- tack upon a picket, conststiug of80 men ofthe 60th regi- ment of native infantry, commanded by Liam. Montgomery, who sustained the assault with great resolution until rein- iiircements reached him, when the enemv were beaten off; in this attack the picket had four killed, Cieut. Montgomery and 17 men wounded; the enemy cume so close, that fre- quent recourse was bad to the bayonet. Their attempts on the pickets continued throughout the night, but were invari— ably unsuccessful.

The valley of 'I‘ezeen, where we were oncam pleter encircled by lofty hills, 13th, it was perceived that the Afl‘glians had occupied 'in great force every height not already. crowned bv our troop. I commenced my march towards the mouth of the Tezcen Essa, where I left two guns, two squadrons of her Majesty’s od dragoons, a party oftlie Ist light cavalry, and 3d irreuulur cavalry. 'I‘bo enemy’s horse appeared in the vallov hwith the intention offalling upon thebaggage, but it gives me very great pleasure to state, that the drugoons and native ca- valry (regular and irregular) made a most brilliant cliaro'o and With such effect that the .whole bodv of the enemy’s, force was completely routed, and a number of them cut up.

The pass of ’I‘ezeeu affords great advantage to an enemy occupying the heights, and on the present occasion Maliomed Akhhar neglected nothing, to render its natural difficulties as formidable as numbers could make it. Our troops mount- ed the heights, and the Afi'gliuns, contrary to their usual cits- tom, advanced to meet them, and a desperate strugclo en- sued; indeed, their defence was so obstinate, that the Initiin bayonet in many instances alone decided the contest. The light company of her Majesty’s 9th loot, led by Capt, Lush. ingmu, (who, I regret to say, was wounded ‘in the head )as- ceudiug the bills on the left oi'tlia pass under a ,

' I heavy cross: fire, charged and overthrew their opponents, leaving several

pad, is com- aiid on the morning ofthe

flit cums: metals.“

of perfect aqua-U

to it in Asia, will stand in unasseilabl

horses and their riders, supposed to be chiefs, dead on tbs hill; the slaughter was considerable, and the fight batman:- during the greater part oi the day, the enpmy appciirm,5 is! solved that We should not ascend the Hull. Kotul; one spur seemed to pervade all, and a determination to conqnei ovoi- came the obstinate resistance of the enemy, who Were at last forced from their numerous and strong posllIOnS, and out troops iiicunted the Hutt Kotul, giving threecheers whcp they reached the summit. Here Lieut. Cunningham, Wllfl a party of suppers, pressed the enemy so hard that they 1th in their precipitation a 24-poniider hownzcr and limbei, cai- rying of? the draught bullocks. Idavnig hoard tliqt unoltlici; gun had been seen, and concluding that }t coulr not lulu "one very far, I detatched a squadron oi diagoons. uni er lCapt. Triiton, and two horse artillery guns under lMHJOI' Dc- lufosse, in pursuit. The gun, (a l2-poundcr howitzer,) YV‘IIII bullooks sufficient for the two guns, was soon captured, 1 he dragoons again got among thcciiciny, and succeeded in cut- ting up many oftl'iein. Captain Broadioot, With the sappeis, advanced, and with the di'ngoous ‘llappellcfl to full in With another part oftlic enemy, of whom upwards oi20 were killed. I have ascertained there were about 10,000 men in the field opposed to me, a considerable portion oi wriom were cavalry. Mahomed Akhbar Klian,‘l\"1aboined S‘cliah Khan, Aniceu Oollah, and many other chicis, With their fol-

lowers, ivere present, all of whom I have runson to believe

have taken to flight. .

“70 have gained a complete victory, and oiii‘eiieinies have suffered severely, having several hundreds killed, losing their guns and three standards, one ofwliich was taken from the enemy’s horse by the lat light cavalry. Although many at- tempts werc made at the baggage, none were successiiil,: chicflv owing to the judicious and admirable arrangement oi Licuti-Colonel Richmond, commanding the rear-guard, and for which he deserves the greatest credit. .

Mayor Skinner, her Majesty’s 3Ist loot, had been detached with u strong party on the night oi'thc 12th, for the purpose ofdislodging a body oftlie enemy on the heights in irorit oi the camp; this duty was performed with great gallantrytlie next morning, and his operations contributed much to trus- trate the attempts oftlie enemy on our riglitflank.

The enemy bein;r completely dispers’ed, we pursued our march, and encampcd at Klioord Cabool without further op- position. The troops oii this, as on all former occasnins where they had been engaged with the enemy, showed the most determined vulour, and I feel that I cannot too highly praise their conduct—ouch regiment seemed to vie with the others in their endeavours to dislodge the enemy, which they most effectually accomplished.

A private letter, dated “Boodkbak, September 14th,” which appears to be written by General Pollock, goes again over the ground of the Tezecn volley fight; but in its freer style it brings out several characteristic points, which the formal despatch could not do. We subjoin a feW extracts. Speaking of the strength and behaviour of the enemy, the writer says— '

“I was with the advance. Every place appeared covered with the enemy ; in from, they had also a number of horse, and they fought really well-~actunlly coming up to the [Sn-I ropeaiis’ bayoiiots. ltbcn suspected Akbliar Khan must be present; and so it turned out. He had with him Mahode Schnli Khan and Auinunools, with many ()tliel'cllleS. The amount ofhis whole force was 16,000 men, (he said 20,000 ;) and among them were his best cha‘ilcl‘iees. \Ve hunted them from post to post, as we did in the Khyber, and retain- ed posschioii ofiha heights. " * Altogether, the cue- my must have lost several hundreds. They stood well, as iftliey knew it was Akbbar’s last stake; although it was performed by my army, it was it very brilliant thing.”

‘f thh,—lyesterdny ordered a company from each Infantry Regiment, the Dragoons, a troop ofths first Crivnlry, to ac- company me to the Baln l’lissnr. I took all the staff. \Ve lind