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PIAGE 6 "ml _,______ _

; Should Be Cleared Up

_. Mr. Stanley Knowles, NDP, North Winnipeg Centre. is one of the best-informed members of the Commons; and when he suggested, ‘-- as he did on Wednesday, that the Supreme Court of Canada be asked to rule on the legality of last June's order-in-council imposing import charges of from 5 to 15 per cent. his proposal merited more consid- eration than it received at the hands of the government. Prime Minister D_iefenbaker brushed it aside with 3 curt refusal. adding that there was “no uncertainty" about the matter.

I It was the constittltionality of the Go\‘ernment's procedure in im- posing import duties as part of its austerity program that was the basis of the second Liberal want of con- fidence motion which the House de- feated last Tuesday. Mr. Diefenbaker assumes that this disposes of the question, but he is wrong.

There remains much confusion as

to the procedure that ought to be .

adopted by the government in intro- ducing emergency measures, and it should be cleared up. It is not, as the Montreal Gazette points out, whether governments should take sudden action in such circumstan- ces: it is, rather, that the methods employed be more clearly agreed upon, and formulated, by constitu- tional practice.

This difficulty is not new. It arose in 1947, when the St. Laurent Government imposed its restrictions on imports to counteract dollar dif- ficulties. The measures were an- nounced, not to Parliament. but in an address over the radio by Finance Minister Abbott. This was later de- fended by Mr. Abbott as coming within the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Control Act. But accord- ing to The Gazette, when the Gov- ernment decided to take this action it did not at first know on what legal basis it could be done. In the end, it used powers that it had not known it possessed.

“It is such uncertainty about the basis for emergency powers," says The Gazette, “that should be cleared away. It has arisen again in the present dollar crisis. Certainly emergency action by the Govern- ment had to be taken. But was an order-in-council the right procedure? And should there notlbe some more precise understanding ab o u t the necessity of presenting such meas- ures to Parliament, when it later met? It is scarcely by want of con- fidence motions that matters of this kind can be decide (I. The need, rather. is for some general agree- ment in Parliament for the basis of emergency powers, and for the pro- cedures that must be followed when, ‘ and after, they are used. The record, 1} over the years, has only served to

reveal how ill-defined the procedure ~ really is." Prime Minister Diefenbaker hasn't helped to clarify it by his bruaque answer to Mr. Knowles.

Macmillan's Mandate

Prime Minister _Harold Macmil- lan has received an overwhelming mandate from the British Conser- vftlve Party to pursue his policy of flding Britaininto the European

I UHHI lines:-one-arena. ‘- ‘ “;rI|I .

to mount an effective at- _ the debate was half

l£Icmlllan’e oppon- yproloat a cleverly’

‘\

Publisher. r The Canadiar "

Market. Yesterday’: press *-

the battle ,had_

j-¢_

I

worded alternative zcaolut-Ion. cm- phasizing the importance of obtain- ing at Brussels safeguards which would not only be adequate in the British judgment, but satisfactory to all the countries concerned. The resolution also enjoined the govern- ment not to accept any European political union which would reduce the sovereignty of the British Par- liament or damage the Common- wealth system.

This offered Mr. Macmilan I. mandate to continue the Brussels talks, but with certain limitations. When the issue came to a vote, the rank-and-file Conservatives showed they wanted no part of any attempt to curtail Mr. MacmiIlan’s freedom of policy. Only about 50 of the 4,500 delegates voted for the “rebel" resolution and the official motion was carried overwhelmingly by a show of hands.

There is a lesson in these events, suggests The Globe and Mail. for the Canadian government and the governments of other Common- wealth countries. Mr. Macmillan has overcome one more obstacle on the course which he is taking toward Europe and it should now be clear beyond all doubt that he is deter- mined to lead Britain into the Com- mon Market on the best terms avail- able.

There is no sense in hoping that he can be deterred from his course, no point in arguing that the Brus- sels agreements do not fulfill his pledge to safeguard the vital inter- ests of the Commonwealth. In the view of the British government, it can best help the Commonwealth in the long run by joining the Common Market, thereby improving its own market for Commonwealth goods and working for the op e nin g of European markets to world trade.

The Commonwealth governments should, therefore, abandon negative criticisms of British policy which achieve nothing and place an un- necessary strain on Commonwealth relations. Instead they should work constructively to assist Britain to obtain the best terms available at Brussels.

We subscribe to these words of our Toronto contemporary, believ- ing they represent what the Cana- dian people will expect the Diefen- baker government to do, and what its own common sense should sug- gest as the m o s t practical course open to it.

Exil The Scarecrow

The scarecrow, with his batter- ed top hat and ragged garments fluttering in the breeze, is not so common a sight as he used to be. Now he threatens to disappear al- together from the corn fields, at least in Australia where modern technology has reportedly discover- ed more efficient methods of pro- tecting crops from raider birds.

Researches there have been car- ried out on the significance of vari- ous bird calls, and recordings have been made of warning signals given by certain birds when danger threat- ens. By amplifying a recording of these distress calls over loudspeak- ers placed strategically in the fields, birds have been very effectively scared away from the crops.

The experiment, carried out by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, has not only provided an economi- cal method of protecting crops but also of scaring birds away from buildings and from airfields where they present I danger to the safety of high-speed jet aircraft.

Birds are pretty shrewd crea- tures, however; and they may in. time come to distinguish the phoney distress calls from the real once, just as they got used to the scare- crow’s presence and accepted ‘him more as I joke than a source of danger. Anyone who has seen a real crow perched sedately on a scare- crow’s outstretched arm will get what we mean.

EDITORIAL NOTE

, For the first time, notes the 0t tawa Journal, non-Catholic observ- ers are present, by invitation, at 3 Vatican Council. "Their presence,” it adds, “is not a‘ sign of imminent union nor a sign they are wavering in their own beliefs. But their pres- ence, like the holding of the Council itself, is a sign that Christianity can show the dynamism and desire for brotherhood which have enabled it to survive the persecutions at can- turies, and against which the gate: of hell cannot prevail." - 9 ’

VILLAGE OF SHERWOOD

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson Seeking New Car Safety Design

Art American Senator, appal- led by the toll of accidents on the roads. has called for the de- sign of a passenger “safety car" which would give the mo- torist the same kind of c r a s h immunity enjoyed by an astro- naut ridihg in a space capsule.

Senator Edward peno. chairman of N. Y. Sltatejolnt legislative committee of Traf- fic Safety, has told me some- thing of his demand for the de- sign and construction of an au- tomobile “completely designed for safety from bumper to bum-

He believes that the research funds needed for the design

of this safety automobile would ‘‘

properly be provided out of the public treasury of his country. And he suggests that, as air- craft are phased out as defen- sive weapons. the application of engineering skill in the avia- tion indusfry to the manufac- ture of the safety automobile would create a happy marriage between know-how, technologi- cal unemployment and public safety.

THOROUGH REDESIGN

Senator Speno has long been interested in the broad field of traffic safety. He has been com- mcnde by Governor Nelson Rockefeller, the National Safe- ty Council, Consumers Union and other officials and organis- ations for his success in formu- lating highway safety bills adopted by New York State Legislature. These cover such topics as the compulsory instal- lation of safety-belt anchorage, the provision of safety belts. and minimum safety standards for such bells. Most other states have adopted highway safety bills modelled on these.

“But this kind of devlce-by- device legislative technique takes too long, while thousands die needlessly on our roads." says the Senator. “The crea- tion of the safety car would be I shortcut."

"American science can go to the Moon, and design a Mer- cury capsulc which protects its occupant against a crash im- pact 60 times the force of gra- vity," he told me. “Surely then science can be us~d to design a car which will really » protect people when accidents occur. and will reduce the number of

.,..

accidents MANY NEW FEATURES The safety car envisaged by the Senator would incorporate as standard equipment most of

the currently optional safety de- vices, such as seat belts. col- lapsible steering shafts, head rests, padded dashboards and non-opening door locks. But ' would not be a production mo- del with gadgets fitted; it would be basically designed and built for safety. or instance, its

I would be constructed to cushion 5 accident impact so that the dri- 'ver and passengers would not ‘be hurled about. “This crash- decelerating trick might be ac- hieved by light metal or even honeycomb p r e s s e d paper, ;I!hich1would}l‘)e exitgemely cheap 0 rep ace," e sa .

The exterior would be strip- per‘ pedestrian-killing pro- jections; the interior would e

so. so

exterior

"Fall-safe" engineering and long-life components would be incorporated. In controls, the emphasis would be on enabling the poorest driver to control the moving vehicle In all situations.

"lf the idea sounds far fetch- ed, does it sound stranger than exploring outer space?" Senator asked me.

Although only 42 years old, Senator Speno has already been attacked by and recovered from cancer; the li which was spar- ed to him is now dedicated to saving as many as possible of the nearly 50,000 lives forfcilr-d in traffic accidents in North America each year. “It is excit- ing to know that my work might be of interest in areas as d‘s- tant as your newspapers,” he

cushioned and projection-free. I told me.

Mr. Caouette, co-leader of the inexperienced Sociall Credit group in the new Parliament, has intimated that he will pro- ,’bably be the member lea st lfrequently in attendance. It is ;his belief that “elections are lnot won in the House of Com- :‘ mons." and, acting on this pro- ,mise. he is planning an exten- lsive speaking tour to proclaim ‘ to prospective voters the vlr-' tues of Social Credit.

By the time the next election

, comes around Mr. Caouefte may ind that he has been acting on ‘a wrong premise. Quite apart 1 from the fact that the social i Credit neophyte MP5, most of ; whom come from his own pro- , Vince. will need all the leader- l ship in the House they can get, he must be singularly blind to

He

Absentee Leadership

innipeg Free Press

the immediate past history of Parliament to haved eluded himself into thinking that elec- tions are not won — and lost in the Commons.

Has he persuaded himself that the Liberal defeat in 1957 had nothing to do with the pipe- line debate, or that the Conser- vative decline this year is un- related to the Dlefenbaker re- cord?

Political parties obviously still believe that much may be gained on the hustlngs; other- wise they would not put so much time, money and effort into election campaigns. But no oth- er political leader would be so naive as to think that these campaigns would be effective unless they had behind them I sound record in the House.

The Cuban affair, combined jwith political unrest through lmuch of South America, has lthrown a formidable roadblock in Canada's path toward mem- bership in the Organization of American States.

Events of the last several months have strengthened the hand of those who said all along that Canada would be asking for a peck of trouble if It went into the hemispheric organize-‘ ' tion.

Once Isolated Iceland

National Geographic Society

Icelanders wh o for ages shielded their culture from for- eign contact are now caught up in the trials and terrors of the mid-20th century.

The United States naval base at Keflavlk has triggered I boom in the island's pastoral fishing economy. Hot - water springs now warm skyscrapers, supermarkets. and split- level apartments.

From the 9th century when

' Irish hermlts first settled until

World War II when Allied sold- iers arrived. Iceland remained almost isolated from the out- side world. ‘

Today. Icelanders watch Am- erican movies. listen to progres- sive jazz, and twist In night clubs. Many disapprove.

FIRE AND ICE

Kentucky-sized Iceland rides the water: of the North Atlantic. Its snipe re:e-mhles I duck on no side. head pointed to Green- land. ill to Norway, back just touching. the Arctlc- Circle. Geographically, the island be- longs to Europe. and had politic- al link: with Denmark until

944

Although Iceland h a: vast mowfleldsl and glaciers. ' th I name I: misleading. Warm wat- er can-led north by the Gulf stream bring: winter tempera- ture: almllar to‘ New York City's. Below I lunar landscape of volcanoes, craters. and gey- :er: bubble some of the hottest

Iprlngs in the . Geynlr is In.’ Icelandic word meaning “to

:pout."* . Icelaitdera rim channeled the natural but to year _-round. out- door Iwlmmlng pool: pd green- house: for cultivating bananu. coconuts, tnmatoel. mdou, grapes. and tropical Ilcwera. Gt-Ieolwuau IN-

because Iceland’: thin pastures and tumbled lava rock llmlt farmers to'sheep raising, dairy- lng, and growing hay and pota-

8!.

But If the soil is poor, the sea I: rich. Fish — exported fresh. frozen, fllleted, smoked, salted, dried, and processed as oil. fertilizer. and fodder —- earn the inland more than, of the money it needs to buy coal. oil. timber. and steel. Virtually everything la Imported but bu- lc food and clothln .

Icelandera. new numbering 180,000, are descendant: of the blond, blue-eyed Norseman who aettted‘ in the Oth-century. some historian: llelleve Iceland’: Leif Erlcson visited the New E - land count at the beginning of the 11th centu — about -500 year: before Columbus. -BATH-'l'UB,COMPOS

Norse literature nourished In the form of poetic history (the sagas) and mythology (the Ed- da:). SIIOITI Sturluaon, - lend’: famous historian and :t:t'- e:r‘nan of the 18th century. com- posed the Prose Edda while re- laxing in In outdoor bath dug la the ground and fed by I bet

rprlng. .

Wrltlng. painting. and sculp- ture continue -to flourlnh. Ice- land support: an opera com- pany, two symphony orchertras. and I nlflona-I theatre. Speak- lng : tongue little changed over the eentru-le:, Icelanders ,:tHl read the old uses ‘with revet- ence and undemandlngl -.

But. America: Influence I: spreading even to literature. In

: northern lgnd where the

an to read all ctric_ llalu, Faulkner we wllt ta:

Colnclda And The OAS

By Jock Beet . Canadian Press Staff Writer

Such a move, so goes the argument. would embroil the country in the political uphea- val and endless squabbles which -—as viewed by many a Cana-

n —— seem to dominate the Latin American scene.

NEW TROUELES

ow, in rapid succession, have come I series of develop- ments tailor-made to’ bolster the arguments of the ant - OAS group: military takeovers in Peru and Argentina, unrest In Brazil and Ecuador. rebel ter-

»rorlsm In Colombia. sporadic

revolt in Venezuela.

And hovering over the entire ecene venomous dispute between the United States, sup- ported by most of~ its Latin American allies. and Fidel Cas-

i interferon Sold

Diversified Agent

- Agc_linst-Viruses

By Dr. Theodon ll. VII Della

INTERFERON may prove to be the all-purpose anti-viral agent of the future. It I: I aub- :tance manufactured in cell: invaded by a virus. Once pro- ducef¢!r;ml; prfvfifitziotheilvkur es esa I III ‘ ectlon in these cells.

In thlsrespect, it is I de- fenslve response of cells to vir- Il infections. A: such. it LII- creues the resistance of the _cell:‘ to further lnlectlon: and also hastens recovery. There I:

‘bet lute:-Iron mlilht replace vaccine: for vir- al infections: It is said to pro- tect againet all viruses. where- as vaccines protect against in- dividual viruses. '

Scientists have been able to isolate the substance, despite the infinitesimal amount each cell produces. It has been used in the laboratory and on hu- mans. When certain vlruaea are

egg. the embryo dies. But this does not occur if the egg con- tains Interferon.

It also is known that some viruses stimulate more inter- feron than do others. The more virulent strains give poor yields which may demonstrate why they are so overwhelming. Fever also appears to influence the amount produced by the weaker viruses. but not that of the stronger _mlcro-organisms. When the cells are treated with interferon. they are better able to resist virulent viruses — an important factor when the sub- stance ls considered as I rem- edy or an immunizing agent.

Many other interesting teat: have demonstrated the protec- tive effect of this product. In

, one study. 38 volunteers agreed th e ‘

to be vaccinated at two sites on the arm. None had been vac- cinated against smallpox be- fore, so that the chance was good of developing a take. One spot was inoculated with inter- feron and the other with a con- trol fluld. On the following day. a smallpox vaccination was given over both sites. Inter- feron prevented a take in 24 of the volunteers. with partial pro- tection in eight others. In this respect. interferon stopped the smallpox virus from entering and multiplying in the cell: in this area. . Does the drug prevent virus- es from multiplying vla immun- lty or does It work like an anti- biotic? We don't know, but both factors probably play a role. (Dr. Van Dellen will answer questions on medical topics if stamped, self-addressed enve- lope accompanies request.) LOSS OF MEMORY M.S. writes: Would forgetful- ness be the first sign of insan-

lty? REPLY

are forgetful the condition can- not be regarded as an early sign of any disease. In addition. there are many types of insan- ity and the first symptoms are so vague it is difficult to single out the culprit. Furthermore. there is no sharp line to demar- cation between the normal and abnormal. MILK AND ARTHRITIS

P.H. writes: At a party re- cently. one of the guests who has arthritis said she is feeling much better’ since she started drinking milk. Another guest as milk kes Irthlrilia worse. Is this so?

REPLY

I doubt If milk has any in- fluence (good or bad) on 98 per cent of all arthritics. If the wo- man you mention feels better after drinking milk. she should continue doing so.

POUCH IN GULLET G.L. writes: What does sur- gery for I dlvertlcul-um of the esophagus consist of? BEPL

Y

The pouch or pocket (diverti- culum) is tied off and removed. This procedure is not easy to do because of the location of the esophagus in the center of the c

TODAY'S HEALTH HINT- Natural vitamin: come tiny amounts.