AUGUST 20, 1949

f s; ~ I w

This week we present the m. nntl in-Silillment, 0f Dr, Roeh. lllzlimis (Norway) Review of Ex. perimcntal Work in Fur Breeding, carried on in the Scandlngvlgn countries. It is entitled Bub. stitute Feed Stuffs ...... .. whale Meat DExpel-iments have shown that whale meat is fully able to “b. slltute for the same quantity of live stock meat for silver (ox tltochmann 1932). The old pellet that silver fox fed on whale meat produced a brown fur Wilt! not con- iirnlcd by the experiments, Later uhnle meat has had a god repuuh tion as fox feed and has now for llillTly years been a considerable ft-cd stuff reserve for the fur pro- ducing farms in Norway, along uil050 coast whales are caught 1a 1110M, numbers. Whale Meat Meal - It llXlS becll shown by expel-l. ztetlts that in properly balanced luliions up to 30 per cent of the f-ix's daily protein requirements lllsy be covered by whale meat meal of god quality (75 per cent J-qvstlble protein and maximum 5 pal‘ ccllt flit) (Rncllmann 1989i. \\lii‘ll nil protein is conveyed ta zile ration through dehydrated ant. llliil frcd stuffs, such as whale .- rrtt meal and fish meat, the ell. vvr fox nftcn shows a fol-mam,“ ti! scllrf on the skin and the (u,- llWKJTllCS more or less grey. A5 irlllonstrated by Ender and Helge- ‘iwisiiid (i947). these feeding

llllemailes can be prevented when, in addition to the stockiisll, coll Hi6 is utilized and the animals f till‘ some time are fed some wll

lilfili. flour. Ellder and Halo, llliSLflll are of the opinion that eflati

loo contains a factor whlch pmj

touts the fur against a grey tone, willie the wholemeal flour can. min: an anti-scarf factor.

Moatbone Mcal of good quglfly has in Danish experiments been ll-“Pd an a substitute for 50 per rent of the fresh meat and has “"9" 11151 HS 800d results as to Srowth and development of fur as ‘he vrilm-iry control ration with lilcat according to Haagen Peter- sen illH-i). Fresh Fish -- The types n! fish most generally used ln tho Scandinavian countries are lwrrlniz- Wlllllnil. roalflsh and cod "timber with fillet residue of the "Y" latter kinds of fish. 1n two Flu" "Xricrimcnts iRochmllnn 1932) ullcre respectively 100 pel- cent “ml 70 licr cont of all the meat in a well-balanced ration to Ill- \i"r foxes were substituted by iirsh fish. the rcsult was unsatis- T-lflflri’. Tile animals became thin, "l" f" Md s lirilt and dull shade of l-oior and the breeding result W" honr. In expcrimcnt group; where fish fillet offal made up for one-third flfld two-thirds of the nun-it the silver fox pups develop- Nl good size and satisfactory fur qllzlllty (llrinitcn Petersen 1944).

Tn lnfcr experiments Ender and liclgcivnstild (1944) have ascertgla. cd in “'l’lili way fur quality of all. vcr foxcs was affected by the use of rations mndeulp predominantly of mcht llnd fish. They found that tho fur of foxes being fed on fish (coillfisil and herring) showed various nliomallcs which did not fllipcilr in those receiving meat in- stcild of fish. The fish-fed animals had conspicuous formation of scurf on the skin and in the fur and in n larger or smaller degree. a ten. dcncy to moult the fur during the autumn. Compared with the meat- fcd foxes the fish-fell hild a grey- ish. dllll color in tho fur, while the lnttcr had the thickest inner fur. Tllc addition of minerals, panto- thcilc acid and carbohydrates to thc fish dirt hlld no appreciable effect on tllc fur quality. Similar Onc-sidctl fish fending has not been trlcd on blue fnxcs, but practical experience indicates that this ani- fll-"ll manages better on fish handl- iiii! than the sllvcr fox. Folks Jnrk (1943), showed in an experi- mcnt of one year's duration, that mink in the course of this period could he fcd on only fresh frozen fish without any (llsildvimtageous cffr-ct. on the animal's condition or hcnlth. Tile experiments were-car- ricd nut on mnlc foxes, and it is espcclnlly stressed that it is not certain thc some result would be ohtnincd with female breeders.

Canned Fish - Feeding experi- ments with cnrlncd herring, mack- erl-l and conlfish, in rations both with and wdihout moat, showed that those fccd stuffs have a good growth, cxccllcnt fur quality nml n satisfactory result as re-

Silver Fox and Mink Farming

.l

tion of cod-ll (Lands and Mgteillllelfiill fir’? ‘Ilfl-rllinfifw). Fish Meal and Stock- slnT ele feed stuffs have-either ‘ml’: or in feed stuff mixtures- u. lily Wars been in extensive

F °n PFBCi-lfillly all fox farms l“ scmdlnlvlfl. and for two res. ggm- "Pliny. it has been necessary wh elm!) 0y this feed stuffs as a a :9 0T‘ Dirt substitute for meflt

n - ‘Ecmldly. when storing them °n° ll dfllendent of refrigerating Plants or ice-boxes. Even though fish meal may be said to be a Popular feed stuff, one-sided use of it has in practice led to several dlnldvflnlimes in the form of poor Ervwtli in the puns. grey, dull fur and low production.

l" feeding experiments with si]. ver foxes (Rochmnrln 1933 and i1939), in which fish meal was util- ized as a substitute for all meat, n otherwise well balanced rations n" grilwlh °l' ‘he Pulls was poor, n" f"? Slflgnated in growth and Meme dry. eras and dull had a 197156110? to mouii and hall a ztrong formation of dandruff, The recding result from the female Pups was poor. Adult foxes re. “Win! this feeding managed bet. ter, but their Pups had greatly reduced vitality. Endcr and Helga. bosfad (I947) have had the same experiences as regards the {up quality with one-sided fish feeding. and have observed an improve- mcnt when the fish meal or sfock- fish was replaced by meat, n, l; “parent from these two research-

‘s work that the abnormal fur characteristics nro “at caused by ll reduced tolerance of fish pro- tcln but are founded on deficien- cies in the fish. As previously memlimfll llley made the valuable observation that cod roe contains n factor which protects the ani- "lfil! lgainst grey-colored fur. and that wholemeal flour contains an anil-scurf factor.

Their conclusion is that it is possible to produce silver fox fur with normal fur color and without Slims of dandruff formation, when fish roe and whole wheat flour are used in combination with the siockflsh. It has not yet been tested whether this addition of cod roe also will have the same advantageous effect on the ani- mals‘ breeding abilities. "Practical experiences indicate that it is not fortunate to use dried flsh pro- ducts for fox whelps before they are 10-12 weeks old, and that mink does not attain a good condition on being fed with such producih.

Milk and Milk Producta - In the 1930s the output of milk was so large and the price of milk products so low that it was of im- portance to take advantage of the surplus as feed stuff for fur-bear- ing animals. The dairies manu- factured a special cheese of skim- med mllk, so-called fox cheese, with 35 per cent protein. In feed- ing experiments where this cheese replaced S0 per cent of the meat in the control ration, the growth of the pups was even and good. the fur qualify satisfactory and the breeding result very good (Rochmann i939). In another ex- periment lasting two years (Roch- mann 41939) 60 per cent of the meat was substituted with milk on a dry matter basis, and the sil- ver fox pups therefore received is considerable quantity of milk in- creasing from 195 gramme a day in July to 280 grammes from 0c- tober until two weeks after whelp- lng. The development on this milk ration was exceptionally good and the animals became larger than on any other feed stuff, the fur was thick and elastic and took on a good color and lustre, The ani- mals which had been kept on this feeding for a year gave a good breeding result.

Blood-In an experiment lasting three years (Rochmanrl 1939) 60 per cent of the meat in the usual control ration was replaced by a porridge cooked from a mixture made up of 1000 grammes blood and 200 grammes wheat-bran, with the supplement of 1 per cent com- mon salt. Apart from the usual quantities of cereals, milk. fish. vegetables and cod-liver oil, a daily addition of 5-10 grammes her- ring melll and fed to each animal during the last two periods. This blood-bran mixture proved itself to be an excellent substitute feed stuff for the mentioned 60 P" cent of the.meat. ilrowlll. 1i"

quality and pup productionbeing

gnrds pups when glvcn an addi-

Celsbrltlng the twentieth Bronx Zoo. this New Guinea. 1i- tlnction of living

The best previous record to dlio

cstsslumue "rwsunnu AN-NTVBRSARY ' anniversary of its arrival at New York's

wired bird of paradise claims

longer in captivity than any other bird of ll species.

most satisfactory.

the dis

was l‘! your:

The Audion flyliltohar

In. the "Teacher's Bulletin" of 1916, the Acadlsn or Green-crest- ed Flycatcher is listed as one of the birds of Prince Edward Is- land. Furthermore, two well- known bird watchers have rc- ilorted it on several occasions; ciiflieqilefllly ihis Flycatcher whs included in a revised list pub- lished in 1947,

Nevertheless there remained a lurkl"! doubt of the occurrence

scr Flycatchers, both of which re- semble it in size and coloration. "It is very rare in Canada, and new records should be accepted Only 0n the authority of experts," Dr. Tnvcrner concludes. In Peter- son's excellent "Field Guide to the Blrd$"-a hook which no bird- wotcher should be without—ihe Acndian Flycatcher is listed as a bird of the South, preferring dc- ciduous trees, to those of the coniferous woods. These matters

Acadian or Green-crested Fly- catcher, AOU. 465. Plumage: up- pcr parts olive-green; lower man- dible light-colored; crest green- ish; eye-rings conspicuous, light. Wings each with two yellowish wing-bars. Throat always white; rcst of the underpilrts white, gen- erally tinged pale yellow. Length of ndult bird 5.75 inches. Song, "spit-choc" or "peat".

Na turo Notes o rch-

other who

A raven, flying over the ilrd, got a big surprise the day. A pair of Kingblrds think the orchard belongs to them, rose to intercept him. One flash- ed past him, banked and attacked from the front. The other who had hung back purposely, now made a dash and landed on the raven‘; back just behind his head. That was excellent strategy: the poor raven tried to reach its new foe but could not screw its neck round sufficiently. The Klngblrd kept jabbing away at the back of the raven’! head iill the tide of battle rolled away into the back fields. Then the triumphant King- birds returned to their headquar- ters in the orchard.

I noticed the cat playing with something, which investigation showed to be a Wood Frog. T rescued it and afterwards set it free where it was not likely to be molested. It was quite live- Py. The Wood Frog (Rana syl- vatlca) does not appear to be plentiful in these parts; at any rate it is just ten years since T saw the last, I took a good look tit this one and wrote e descrip- tion. The hind legs are consplcu ously long. A black band or patch on each side of the head encloses the eye and ear; and there is a whitish line on the edge of the upper Jaw. Back dull flesh-color. bordered by longitudinal folds of black dots. l-Tind legs obscurely barred. This is conslder=d to be a variety of the European Bani tomporsrl...

For the past six weeks, the planet Jupiter has been a strik- lng object in the southern sky. rising just before sundown.

A magnificent spike of Purple Loose-strife (I-ylllflllll sluufl") wa brought in to me. along with the jestinlz remark——“You haven't anything like this in your gar- den!" “That's trtfe; the plant is rather rare on the Island. Where did you get it "At the mouth of the Creek."—-meanlng Smelt Creek, opening into Rustlco Bay. The spike measured eleven inches l“ length, and had three smaller- gplkeg growing from its base. The flowers are not llllrllle despite ll"? name; there is more red or crim- son than blue in the coloration. which might properly be describ- ed as magenta.

Linnaeus, the great Swedish ‘lo- tanlst. decreed that every plant should have two names: the first that of its genus. and the second that of its species. This We! agreed on, and furthermore, only the first name was to have a capital letter. Linnaeus made this exception. If the 599cm‘? name had previously been used as the name of the genus, the capital letter was allowed to stand. Some older herbalist ordaotanlst had cal- led the plant Sallcarla 0h BCCOUM of its willow-like leaves, and Lin- nseus took the name over. cupltll

and all!

Farmers’ Receipts Show increase

Pmliminfl‘! figures issued b! the Dominion Bureau of Statistics in July indicate that dull!!! m! 11m three nlonths of 19$. limi- ers’ receipt; from the vi’

14.00.996.030 la o 3005110900 in 104B and OEIFN-Nil in llwi. a sun of 0.9 per wit and 21.1 pa: can: mpegtgfiéli- an Compare I Q cash income from the sale d field

quarter o! m0. was up more ihln 90 per cent. 1m, increase can b0 ilflfl! attributed to the incl-mes in t-hv marketing; of the five wlneipll grains and a niche: P1409 1°? wheat. Income from the Isle of “livestock pnd livestock produot, at ‘$4370.00! fu- ihe January-March period of this you is relatively unchanged from that of the some period of i940. With the until“! of cattle 0nd calves. the i940 mafsotlngs of livestock wore down this you u against int. Price!

exception higher than o year am.

indicating an overall increase more than I0 per cent.

line of Britain furnishes examples

crops at tlsamoooo for the first ~

on the other hand were. without

with the index of livestock price: o

This Lythrum has extraordinary precautions to avoid self-fertiliza- llbfl. but these would scarcely in- terest the general reader.

Among certain plants the phen- omenon of "alteration of gener- ations" is well marked, and has been known for is long time. There l! lflmellllhg 0f the sort in the human race but the cause, or law’, of it is difficult to estab- lish. Chamisso, philosopher and naturalist of old, once slated that a woman does not resemble her

of this bird. It d n t 1h l, b

in any of the Mo‘; aid BIBINQHS‘: Erllsteresnor‘ Tftlreflgsglildllfillfllgz: (Twill? Jul, l. ‘M7’ m Dec‘ lists, and in Tavernerh "Birds of we may suppose menns'n re: ' '

1.; t C n _ ' 1. Daniel MaoLeazl Milton; 2. lung! elrlrilill ailiadilll ‘ltowrlirlg- Latent?‘Th‘uphyhliquemlfldlullisyhalragglg Harrison Cireen. Clyde River; 3. llhzulsh from Trnilfs and the lles- remarked that daughters "take Wilfred wood‘ Npw wmsmre; 4’

after" the male parent in features and general build. On the male side, the Royal

Edward II had not the ability of Edward I or Edward III. The third Edward resembled his grand- father, and was a King indeed. In one's own observation there nre often more cordial relations be-

magazlncs, there is a picture of Queen Juliana and Prince Bern-

arlses: why are scme families of daughters only, and others of sons only? And is there any "law of heredity" in these cases? A curl- ous happening occurred under my own observation. I once knew a family of brothers, numbering four individuals; there were no sisters. In course of time the brothers married, and strange to say, all their children. with one exception, were daughters! Was this merely a coincidence, or something in the way of alternation of genera- tions?

It came to pass, sooner or later, that the old English "County fa- milies" ran to helresses and their lands consequently changed own- ers. The village wiseacres used to consider the plentltude of daughters as due to a higher stan- dard of living! But that. as I observed, did not fit every case. At any rate, the subject is an in- tercsting one and well dcservlniZ of study.

The First Year 0f Saunders Wheat

Saunders wheat was liven-wed in i947 and first distributed for commercial use in i048. It mime from a cross made in Ottawa between a Hope x Reward hybrid and ‘Thatcher. Saunders is m early maturing, stern rust. and loose smut resistant variety, devel- oped for areas where early maturity is hnportanl. , At the time of licensing only 225 bushels of seed were avail- able. 'I‘.hls quantity was increased that slimmer under contract at Beaverlodge and Ilacombe. A owl) oi 5.700 bushels of seed was harvested and distributed to 88'! farmers and growers in Central and Northern Alberta. Many bun: dreds of farmers were disalp, tou as the demand was far in excess of the supply. To make the seed stocks go as far as r Sslble n0! more than six bushels per gmwvr were allowed, It will be recalled that the sprint: of i948 was very late. In m“!!! areas the season remained cold and wet until June. Farmers were unable to seed until late in May and some did not get any will?!“ seeded that season. In spite of these thwwbacks, it is ell-lmilifid that approximately 100,000 bushels of Saunders were harvested. says J. G. O. Fraser, Cereal Division. Ottawa. Reports received from over 00 per cent of the glrowers of Saunders wheat indicated that they were well pleased with their first. year's experience with this new variety. They were impressed with enrliness arid yielding ability under rather adverse conditions, and coin- sidered it s very promising variety. A number remarked upon its ability to resist drought. shattering, and frost. and its suitability for combine harvesting.

A further distribution of about

JUST A SPAT-MAIIB. the Ill- ten. dodges a left hook thrown h! Dilly. theilllli. ls they begin their dolly workout. Dally, une- yeor eltlt and Marie, ego two months. live next door to each other in New York. and though

hard, and their family of four section 12 _ Junk“. yml-llnm daughters, one of whom may be “male, Mm Jam l‘ 1945 m June Queen some day, The question 3o. “ML

its 1

GUERNSEY!

Clue ll Section 1 —- Junior Calf, Male. Born flier Dec. 31, 1948 and be- fore May 10, i949. 1. J. Eric Hurry. Winsloe, Harrison Green, Clyde Riiver. Section 2 -.. glenior Calf, Male, Born July 1. 1948 to Dec. 3i, i948. 1. Myron B. Holmes, Clyde Riv- er; 2. Daniel MacLean, Milton; 3. J. Eric Hurry. Winsloe Section 4 -— Senior Yearling d;

2.

W14. Horne, Milton.

Section 5 — Two Year Old Male, Bom July l, 1946 to Juno 30. 1947. 1. Ernest F. Coles, Milton; 2.

1, J. Eric Hurry. Winsloe. Section l0 — Junior Calf, Fe- male, born after Dec. 31. i948 and before May l0, i949.

1. Mr. Owen Younkeir, King- ston; 2. Ernest F. Colt-s do Sons,

Hurry. Winsioe; 6. J. Eric Hurry. Winsloe.

1. Ernest Ooles dz Sons. Milton; 2. Ernest Coles 8t Sons, Milton; 3. Daniel MacLean. lviilton; 4. ‘Pym-S Holmes. Kingston.

Section 13 -— Senior yvilrllns. Female. born July l, 1947 to Dec- 31, 1941.

J. Eric Hurry. Wlnsloe;

1. 3.

Daniel MacLean, Milton; Eric Hurry, Winsloe. Section l4 — Two year nlll Fe- male, dry, born July l, 1946 in June 30. I947.

1. Ernest Coles d: Sons, Milton; g_ J, Erin Huirry, Winsloc; 3. Mr. Owen Younker. Kingston: 4- J- Eric Hurry. Wiinsloe. _ Section l5 -— Female, in Milk. born July 1, 1946, to June 30. 1947- i, J. Eric Hurry, Winsloe: 2- Darllel MacLcan, Milton.

Section i8 - Female. ilry- 5°" July l, I945 to June 30, T946.

l. Daniel McLean, Milton. Soction l'l — Female in Milk. born July 1, 1945, ks June 30, I946 l. Owen Youn-kcr. Kingston; Z Harrison Green. Glyiie River; 3- J. Eric Hurry, Winsloe. Section l8 - Female. Dry. before July l. 1945-

l, Daniel Mario-on, Milton? ‘i- f-Iat-rlson Green. Clyde Bil/Bil 9- J. Eric Hurry. Winsloc; 4. Daniel MacLean, Milton; 5. Daniel lilac- Lean, Milton. r

Section i9 — Female in Mllli- born before July 1- 1945 _

1. Mr. Wilbur Younkcr. Km!‘ sum: 2_ J_.Brl¢ Hurry, Winsloe; 3, Mr, Owen Younker, Kingston. Section Z0 — Juninr champion female born after June 30. I947. ,1, Eric Hurry; Resarvc, Ernest Coiec and Sons.

Section 21 — Scnlnr Chaomlfl" Female born before Jilly l. 1947- Daniel MacLean. Mlllim} m?‘ woe, wuhur Younkcr, muss-im- scotlon 22 — Grand Champion

2. J.

born

l . Mlazniniol Maclkan. Milton: Fe- eerve, .1, Eric Hurry, Winsloc.

J unlnir llerd. one

3 _. Section 2 u“ hm“

male and three female! after June 30. 1947-,

J. Eric Hurry. Wind“- Scotion 24 — Senior herd. one

lltooo bushels to iéioo sroveri took place in i949 from the Dominion Experimental Stations at Beaver- lodge, Llacombe, and Melfort. Saunders is not being ‘recom- mended for the "Open Plains areas of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, but

male and four funnies. two yearn old and over.

l. J. Eric Hurry, Wlnsloe; 2. Daniel MacLean, Milton.

Section 25—Progemy of Dam, two animals previously shown In in- dividual classes.