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AGENT FOR

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THe DatLy EXAMINER

“—~_-

JANUARY 15, 1883.

}

A Mussu!man Passion Play.

| Tax following acconnt of an interes ing | Mahommedan ceremony has been placcd at jour disposal by a clergyman formerly living in this city, but now stationed at Bumbay :

“His Highness wil! be pleased to receive you and two friends to witness the Muhur- rum ceremony.’ So ran the invitation whith, through the conriesy of a friend, we ‘had obtained from Karrin Khan the Bec of His Highness Aga Khan. But befote detailing what I saw, it will be well, perhaps, to give some little explanation of what.the Muhurruw is.

Islam, or the religion founded yy Muhammad, is split into two great sects — the Sunvis and the Shiahs, (the latter call- ing themselves, however, the “Society of the Just’) the historical account of which I condebse from the Rev. E. Sells’ ‘Faith of Islam.” Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad and forth Khalif, was assassinated in a mosque at Kufa. Husain, his son, re- nounced his claim’to the Khalifate, in favor of his father’s rival, Muavia, the son of Mvhammad’s bitter opponent. Hasan was afterwards poisoned by his wife, mstigated, it is said, by Muavia, who was succeeded by his son Yezid. The people of Kufa were dugusted with the bad covductof this man, aud sent to Husain, the remaining son of Ali, asking him to assume the Khelifate, and in anevi! hour, contrary to the advice of hia friends, he set out to do so, with only forty horsemen, and one hundred foot soldiers. On the plain of Karbala he found his way baired by a force of three thousand men, by WRose swords his brave followers were one by one cut down, till only he and his infant son were left. Weary and thirsty Husain satupon the ground. The enemy drew neary but no one, at first, dared to kill the grandson of the Prophet, At length an-arrow pierced the'ear.of the’ little boy, and he died) ‘‘\Ve cime frony God and we return to Him,’ were the pathetic words of Husain, as, with asorrowful heart, he laid the dead body of his son On the sand.

@ enemy thén discharged a flight of arrows, aud Husain, after fighting bravely, | at last fell, covered with wounds, A, D. 680. | Thenceforward the party of Ali broke off from the main body, and became the! Shia‘hs, rejecting the authority of the first | three Khalifs,vand owi ianee to an Imam (or Pontitf) instead,’ and- having a! good many other minor points of difference: | ‘At the present day all Persia and parts of Africa are Shia’h, and in India about one | in ten of the Mussulman population are of}

[that sect ; while the Turkish Empire and)

Egypt are Sunni. The first month of the’

when Free-born Men having to advise the Public, may speak free,”’-—Euntrmes.

CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, MONDAY, JANUARY 15, 1883,

made still higher by canvas and matting to prevent it being overlooked from the road, and large awnings stretching from the house, 80 as to pretty well keep off the sun, which, though this is the ‘‘ cold season,” and the nights and mornings are quite cool, yet, by Wal™past nine a. m., is almost as hot as an average July day in Charlotte- town. Admitted into the enclosure, we found a few raised seats vacant at the nar- rew end, and about twenty or thirty under the veranda of the -honae on the right, which were reserved for ‘* sahibs,’’ various English officials. and a few ladies, some of whom had already arrived, though the cere- mony was not to begin till about ten. But along the wall, opposite the house, banked up to the top, at each end, and round a fountain, covered in for the occasion, in the middle were some 1800 or 2000 Muhamma- dans of all kinds, in many varieties of cos- tume, Khojah's, and Mawons, and Moguls, and Arabs, and many others, sitting mainly in growps of their own class, By the ‘fountain was a raised seat, called a ‘*mim: bar,” with green silk covering, and facing the direction of Mecca, in which a ‘‘mollah” or priest was seated, reciting in the usual nasal manner some part of the bistery of the events of the day. This was accomplished by a regular, clapping sound, the cause of which I could not at first make out, but seon perceived to come from the brawny hands of the folks seated rouud the foun- tain (mostly of the poor‘class) who kept up a constant rhythmical beat upon their chests, not violently, as yet, but just enough to be curiously impressive, when coming from such’ numbers. On the roof of the veranda, shut in by screens, were the Jadies of the harem, and other women and children, the latter sometimes peeping between the joints of the screens to get a better view- of something below. The as- semblage was completed by a sprinkling of Brahmans, and a few Parsees as visitors. There no doubt would have been more of these latter, who are great sight-seers, only there is a strong feeling of enmity between them and the Muhammadans, which showed itself some years ago in open riot. Indeed when a Parsi ‘priest presented himself, be was promptly and summarily eent to the right-abowt. A venerable old man with shaggy eyebrows and Jong white beard looking like a benevolent Shylock, now came round with a glass pitcher of otta of roses, or rather rosewater, which he poured on the bands and handkerchiefs of all who wished -it, Europeans as well as natives, and latter on some other attendants brought tumblers of iced sherbet for the more select portion of the spectators chiefly the sahibs. My friend and I took some, found it pleasant, though a little sickly, but for the ice. Shortly before ten, the proceedings commenced by a sort of proeession from the house consisting of some half dozen men and boys dressed as women and girls, reciting in a monrnful

year is called Muburram, and the first ten! manner from papers which they held in days of it are occupied by the Shia’hs in/ their hands. One of them, however, was a commemorating the martyrdom of the young man probably the representative of Saints Hasan, Hasain, whom some actually Hasian. There was nothing striking about look upon as saviours. A temporary erec-| the costumes, which were as bizarre and tion is made, sometimes called *‘‘ the ten! slovenly as oriental women’s dress often is. day house,” which is brilliantly lighted up They were accompanied by the Aga, a every evening, and in which to a late hour,! young man about thirty-five, looking not one and another reads or recites in a high/unlike an’ English gentleman, and the note, and with many nasal quaverings, the) members of ‘his household, all, the sombre story of the martyrs, portions of the Koran, | dress of the Persian,—a sort of fig cap, &c., to the accompaniment of weeping and) only stiffer, of back felt, long black coat

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breast-beating, and varied by shouting and drumming of tom-toms around a bon-tire which js lighted in front of the booth, and over which at times a large circle of men and boys sways backward and forward, fencing with sticks and exclaiming ‘‘’Ali!) Ali! Husain !, Husain! Husain!” &c.,” many hundweds of times. They also make models of the tomb of Hasan and his brother, very gaudily decorated, and of various sizes, which are called ‘* torbuts.” The Sunnis are not supposed to take any part in these ceremonies which to the more orthodox must seem little short of impious; indeed in some places there is fierce rioting and bloodshed at Muhurrum time between the two sects. Butit is an example of the influence which the impartiality of British rule in India has, that the Sunnis go through very nearly the same performances as their opponents, minus the mournful element indeed, bat plus a great deal of extravagant tomfoolery, such as men paint- ed to represent tigers dancing frantically about, and on the Jast day, the throwing of the “‘torbuts” into the sea, these latter performances being imitated from Hinda idolatries, which ought to be an abmination to the iconclastic Muslim.

The most promiuent representative of the Shia’h sect in Bombay is a Persian Prince, who succeeded to the headship of bis tribe, the Khojas, when his father died last year. The latter,an aged man at his death, in his younger days had played an important part in Persian affairs, having, at one time, seized the throne. He did not, however, retain it long, and for many yearg before his death, he resided in Bombay, epjoying a pension from the British Government,

vices which he had rendered. This, added to the emoluments derived from a good deal of property, enabled him to live in princely fashion, and to dispense princely hospi- tality and charity, such as préviding fuod for three hundred poor persons daily, keep- ing up large schools, etc. His Highness used frequently to be seen driving about in a large barouche, receiving salutations from all classes of people, It was to the bungalow of the son and successor of this man that my friend and I went on the 22nd of November, the last day of the Muhur- rum, to see what can be seen in few other places. As we turned into the road in which the mansion is situated, we found it stil] pretty full of Mussulmans of all kinds, (sodong as of the right sect) though most of them had already gone on, some driving and some on foot, and ali looking pictur- esque, asin varied costumes they emerged into the patches of bright sunlight, from the shade of the thickly over-hanging trees, which are a feattre of many of the suburban roads of Bombay. The *‘ compound” is a

iput to his eyes, probably as a mere

conferred for faithful and important ser- |:

tight at the waist and open in front, white trousers and bare feet (the whole place was sanded). His Highness also held a blue silk handkerchief, which he occasionally

matter of form, as my friend is certain he saw him-turn aside and laugh, on One occasion, though many of the spec- taters used their handkerchiefs in real earnest, and the women on the top of the yeranda from the entrance of the performers kept up a running accompanient of moaning and crying, very curious to hear. In fact the whole assembly had a sad and jaded look, for most of them had been up the greater part of the night, going through much excitement. For nearly an hour the performance went on, in a high recitative, taken up first by one and then another, most of them reading from the papers; indeed several of the Aga’s gentle- men had these beoks, and they rather fre- quently came forward and prompted the actors, sometimes looking to the Khan for instructions, as if in some measure it was made up as they went along; much of the play seemed pathetic and touching, though here and there, as when Husain took off his loose black outer garment, and spread it over the others, crouching in a heap on the sand, and when he held up some white under-garment, a good deal like a night gown, and then put it over his shoulders, the effect was so grotesque that there was a good deal of amusement amongst the@ visitors and when Husain, having taken a little child about a year old up with him on horseback, and the little chap, being scared tremendously, roared and bawled in right good earnest—a verit- able Muhurrum to him—the “Sahib” ladies laughed outright. This same horse, how- ever, wasa very goodly sight, well worth coming for, I think the most splendid

SINGLE Copies Two CENTS. VOL. 12.---NOQ. 46.

lthe spectators were moved to make room fer the procession round the centre. This was headed by half dozen of the sacred |standards, a sort of flog with an open hand jon the top of the pole representing the five members of theProphet’s family ,anda special symbol of the Shia’hs; they were preceded | by a group of souie twenty men of those jwho had sat round the mollah, mostly , Without ary upper garments, and » bare-headed. They came round in a sort: of circle swaying about, each with one arm kinked to that. of his smaghbor,.spd with the other banging his naked breast and some- times his head most violently, uttering monotonous shoutings al] the while. Then the whole band would set off with a rush for a dozen paces, and begin again. ‘These were succeeded by a similar band, coming before a horve, on which a little boy of four or five years Of age was sitting, his forehead and hands, as well as the horse, coveted with stains to represent blood; then came some tom-toms and more breast-bangers, then Aga Khan himself and his officers, bare-headed, and leading, or rather holding back two horses, similarly spattered, on one of which an older lad, blood stained as the other, was seated. Then one more band of beaters preceding what was meant for the corpse of Husain, spattered thickly with blood, and then the standards’ once more, Three times did they go round, each time the chest-beaters waxing unvore fast and furious, till every man’s breast) was crimsoned bright with the blows, though I did not see any blood drawn, which, how- ever, sometimes happens. After this the sahibs began to go, so we also took eur departure (receiving more tose water at the gate) not a little struck: with this curious exhibition of bitter sectarianism, © which evidently ‘sees no reason’ ' why the enormities of the opposite side ‘should ever be forget’.”’

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Dee. 11, 1882,~-Im 3aw wly 3m

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animal I have ever seen, (Aga Khan’s stud is ramous in India). The noble creature, a

standing his evident fire and spirit, that) he submitted to being led out amongst all | that crowd, and with the noisy grotesque | figures bouncing about in front, and showed | no signs of shying except a little pranciag | about of his fore fees and flashing of his | eye, though once or twice the Aga went) up to him, and seemed to be angrily re- | monstrating with him. Another in-) teresting feature of this part of the cere-| mony was the appearance of two men in) antique military costome, supposed to! represent the soldiers of Muhammad's time, | though not with- great realiam, a loose scarlet coat, gleaming steel helmet, drawn sword and shield. The elocntion of | these men was dignitied and taking, and! their part had been learnt by heart. The’

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