DECEMBER 12. 1949 ’______

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THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

race ELEVEIQ

"THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS nun VIEWS or INTEREST T0 TEACHERS sun ALL OTHERS saamuc

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

SEASONS GREETINGS

- ders o “ e -

Wish“ '° d“ “a” Al with - i Horizon . 0H6

‘anvil; that this may be a happy mural), season for all, goes our “one that we may individually ac- "W, reepmisibility toward pro- cep _ ﬂorts of men of good

we wish

millmieltlci-ifch of us strive more "llgkasuy w spread abroad the ea

lrue Clllliilikizlgdih sgiggttiwgillcfo Zeatchecoilhristinas meE-Sﬂﬂe 1° all 1 . mlinlilgndt-hc duty and privilege of

lv teacher, as the holiday sea- "e"app,.,,gchcs. to acquaint the lilrllldftili with the real meaning 0f “lgglmj; titjyprobably, are aware m, "Gooclivill toward mcn" is the ‘V 00,6 n; Democracy. We tend lerllhink of democracy as a form l; lgvernlllbili, as voting- 55 free" 19m, as rights -— our rights. _

But bElSiClil)’, Democracy is a

patter of rclaiion5hlilﬂ5 _ 800d Y9‘ ‘alionships with members of our

families, our neighbours, our as- sociates. It recognizes the import- ance and sacredness of the indiv- idual. It is an extension of the concept contained in tihe Golden Rule. It calls for action and con- ccrn for the rights of others. It demands of us, every citizen, a decp and active sense of personal responsibilities —— responsibilities to our homes, our friends and neighbours, our community, our country, and to people in the world at. large. Christmasmeziiis hope, peace and finally remem- brance. We wish you ail a vcry Happy and Prosperous New Year.

Then peaicd the bells more loud and deep:

is not dead. nor doth Hi‘ sleep!

The Wrong shall fail, The Right prevail, With peace on Qlrt-h.

to men!"

“God

l IUUI Ill) — Longfellow.

A BROKEN FRiliiNiDSHiliP

Th, pupt ti-lls how a friendship . h,- brokcn oif between two "a" I, Lhrougi, bitter words and peolnln (hi5 casc, though the iiwo PflCiP-nn lung“ friends, they never lliiriia anyone else who could re- l“ the lost friend. 1. What. is pa reviiiiins mood of this poem? iiliiall features of the 9061f? Con" tribute to this dealing? By the wording, l'CDL‘llllI\i‘l and rhythm ind the meter the whole poem “ems to be cast in a minor kc)’- z_ What caused the friendship be- tween Roland and Sir Leoline to ind? Through the action of wide- Qmd gossip and the fact that m}, w“ p» proud to admit he

would believe evil whispered to him. 3. Did they forget one an- other? No. Their spirits still long- ed for each other.

What a teacher is'teachcs more than the book he amipioys. Do not care how many but whom you plcasc. Character consists in little acts honorably performed. It is the function of the school through carefully selected experiences l0 stimulate, modify, and direct the growth of each pu-pil physically, mentally, morally, and socially, so' that the continual enrichment of the individual‘s life and an im- proved society may result. Bc that ivhidh you would make others.

\

(SA

ROBIN HOOD OATS.

Have You Bought Your

CHRISTMAS SEALS

P. E. I. Tuberculosis League

FOR REDUCING STOCK DECEMBER 12th

WHITE arms. io lbs. GRAPEFRUIT JUICE, zo oz. McCREADTS PICKLES, 24 oz. Maple Leaf can: FLOUR

_ (Jnniidus population ls now est- imated at 13,545,000.

(frinuihrs new Postmaster Gen- crai is Edouard Rinfret.

Canada's atomic plant is lt Ciiziik River, Onttariq,

'l‘hi~ Premier of Burma is Tha- kiii Nu.

"'i‘itoi.<ni" is a word which re- fers to the policies of any indiv- ylfillfil or groiip who, like Marshal Ililu oi ‘Yugoslavia claims to be l.'li)i‘(iil1(lll_'y' Communist but re- ins-rs to obey the. orders of Mos- COW.

The Bcuthoscnpe is l pound ocean diving ball.

lion, liiinvplircy Mitchell is Can- ncials NliillSlPl‘ of Iialhor.

_ Dr. ilrock Chisholm, a Canad- i:in,_ liwids the World. Health Or- gnnixziiiun.

Th" film of the new German Federal Returblic is the old Wei- miir fin! black, red and gold. >ilﬁjilillllnil is now the largest single unit in the Dominion of In-

7,000

Plants arc mostly propagated by spores, seeds, and by division. The must important mL-thods of prop- agation un liic farm are by spores, sucds, and by several methods of division, such as creeping stems and rout stocks, tubers, cuttings, buds and grafts. Nearly all econ-

oinic pllilllh are propagated by moans of sccds.

Stiuris il::i.r from sccds in that tlicy do not contain an embryo, or young plillll.

'l‘hcy iiic usually one-celled, or

fcir-crlii-d and microscopic. Only the l()\\'L'l‘ orders oif plants form spores. ‘flic rusty margins on the unilcrsidc of torn leaves contain spores.

Corn smut, oat smut, oat rust,

arc masses of spines. 'i‘h.is method of propagation is not of great dir- cdt importance in agriculture, be- cause only l'fcw plants lre of use lo us.

But spores are of great import- ance when we consider plant dis- eases. for nearly all such diseases IIFC caused by plants that repro- duce spores.

'i‘hc following plants produce semis —Creriping Stems and Root- nlnrks.

The branches of ivhite clover take root, and so form new plants. The most important example of ssedlcss reproduction is in grases. All the perennial grasses increase iiy new stems or corms that. arise from the joints that are near the

‘ ground or below- it. More often a

84 Kent St.

LE

17th l

..89c ..‘l6c 29c , 36c 39c

i Hill-ill‘ is

o

s lb. pug. .'.

‘ branch comes out more or

' ankle oi’ uii-opcrtics common to ‘ llilfi a riiombus are isum oi two angles of l triangle

less horizontally, cithcr above or be- low the ground, takes root at its joint. and sends up one branch or more stems. Such a branch ls call- ed ii root-stock. lit is prdbabie that all grass plants would die aiftcr the formation of seed \verc it not for this means of reproduction.

MATHEMATICS

Mathematics is closely related to the history of civilization. It is one of tho chief instruments by which man raised himself from the prim- .tivc state to the present age of science. Without it there would have been no science which had inadc possible the many conven- ienccs and advantages of modern civilization. The training in reas- oning and clear thinking that l study oif mathematics may give iii im-portanit. Good ciitizcnship in- ciudcs the ability to examine all

{things critically and act intellig-

cntly.

Complete the following state- ments by filling in the blanks.

1. Supplements of the same nnille arc I 2- A 119F380?! i! l“ degrees; 3. Two l square ; 4. Iif the

equals tiic third angle, the third degrees; 5. Four sols of conditions which make two triangles congruent are ; . 'i‘lii~ three statements of n lyllo-

tllPm are cailcd . i. "k- -; 7. it is shorter to cut diag- onally across ll rectangular lot

‘ than to \\ ii< armind two sides be- t cause --- ‘

, 8. The number of points in which two straight lines

CUIRiR ENT EVENTS

PkOtPAﬁATliOiN OF PLANTS

clia. ‘ The Soviet zohe of Germany is chiefly agricultural.

The Prime Minister of Thailand is Luang Phibun Songgram.

The United States High Com- missioner for Germany is John MoCloy.

Paul Henri Spaak is the Pres- ident of the Assembly of the the Council of Europe.

The new President of Germany is Dr. Theodore Heuss.

The new President of Germany is Dr. Theodor Hcuss.

The British Ambassador to the U. S. is Sir Oliver Franks.

The United States Secretary of the Treasury is John Snyder.

Ecuador had an intense earth- quake in August 1949.

Headquarters for a COllIlCll of Europe ‘have been set up in Stras- bourg, France. j

The leader of the Chinese Co-m- munists is Mao Tse Tung.

The plant that grows from a joint apparently forms seed but oncc. But it may produce root- stocks or rooting branches and so continue the stand of grass. The grasses with long root-stands or long rooting branches (stolons). like blue grass, tend to form a dense sod, and are therefore, best for pasture.

Tuibers. The Potato is a modified stem. called a tuiber. Potatoes are usually out. into tlwo or more pieces for planting. The numiber of eyes per piece is of little con- sequence. Each eye contains a number of buds.

Cuttings: Nearly all henbaceous plants and many woody plants can be propagated from cuttings. Most of our household plants are prop- agated in this way. Currants. grapes, willows, are commonly propagated by cuttings. Gra-pe cut- tinigs are made from wood of the preceding season's growth, usually wiith three buds on eachcutting. These are plan-ted witih i/wo buds below the ground.

Al-l tree fruits in America —-aip- pies. pears. peaches, plums, cher- ries. etc. are regularly grown from buds and grafts.

Fruit trees have to be propagat- ed in this way because they do not come from the seed.

The essential point in all bud- ding and grafting is: that the cambium layer (that is the layers of growth just inside tfhe bark) be placed together and held there un- til they unlte. The camblum layer ls the living and growing part. be- tween thc wood and the bark.

Canada ranks first in the world's supply of nickel, newsprint, as- bestos. platinum, and radium. Can- ada ranks second in W‘0Od'p\llp and gcild; third in aluminum. copiper. zinc. cobalt. and silver; fourth ln

wheat and lead.

pairs of angles which are not ad- jacent are Z 19» TWO BTW?!" ties of the line joining the mid- points of the two sides of a triang- le are , -——; 11- The m?‘ thod most frequently used in proving two lines or two angles equal is ; i2. If an altitude, a median and the bisector of an angle of l triangle are the same line, what kind of a triangle may it be? ; l3. if an angle equals

twice its supplement, the ahﬂlﬂ equals degreu; 14. Ain isos- celes trapezoid is ; 15- F1"

properties aif I parallelogram ex- clusive oif the definition are

Select the be?! ending for esdi of these statements —

i. Flies should be destroyed be- cause they spread (a) measles, (ib) mumps. (c). scarlet fever, (d) typhoid fever.

2. Potato beetles can be killed by (a) lime dusting, (b) Bordeaux mixture, (c) D.D.T.

3. Bacteria which get into the blood are destroyed by (a) the white cells, ('b) the red cells, (c) the hormones.

4. Trees are sprayed bcause (a) leaves are too thick, (b) injury is caused by fungous disease. (c) growth is thereby stopped.

C-LI

Cocoa bearing the proud Baker name is your sure guide to the quality and reliability that have made Baker's Chocolate famous for more than 150 years.

‘l-Jrhis cocoq really hits

the spot

mo: av m: out»

A Product of Ooncrut Foods

YOU CAN TELL wbeifyou prepare it, by that mouth-watering aroma . . . you can tell when you taste it, by the full smoothness of ﬂavor — that Baker's Cocoa is a beverage you'll be proud to serve.

Once you've enjoyed that rich, hill-bodied, deep-chocolatey goodness, you'll never be satis- ﬁed with less than Baker's quality. And for smoother texture, truer ﬂavor . . . use Baker's

in all recipes calling for cocoa.

Economical, too - the l-lb. package makes up to 90 servings.

toxin treatment, (c) l Schick test.

6. People often make their milk su-pply safe from bacteria growth by (a) filtration. (b) sanitation.

7. The isolation of a plant or an animal with a communicable dis- ease is called (a) inoculation, (b) quarantine, (c) vaminatipn.

B. A good way to develop l healthy complexion is by (a) play- ing tennis and skating, (b) using face cream. (c) eating pickles and cake.

WELINGTON AND WATERLO

(l) The Peninsular War: Sir John Moore driven back by Soult to Corunna; Duke of Wellington in charge; imprcgnaibie lines of Torres Vedras; guerilla warfare; victory for the English at Salam-

anca; French driven over the Pyrcnnecs. (2). NEIDOIEOIYS disastrous re-

treat from Moscow; his crushinﬂ defeat at Leipzig by the Allies; banished to Eliba; the Bourbon line restored.

(3) Napoleon's escape and the "hundred days". Wellington's \f2- tory at. Waterloo in i815, one of

Emperor exiled at St. Helena.

(4) Napoleon: the man and his character —- one of the world's greatest soldiers; in the short per- iod of twenty years he fought. more wars, gained more victories, marched more miles, killed more people and brought about more reforms than anyone had ever managed to do.

As a retformer: gave France a good system oif local government; linked up the provinces with Paris; built up I great systeswof law known as the Code Napoleon; made French laws easier to_under- stand; aided education; improved roads, built canals; introduced good police supervision in towns and countryside; straightened out the muddled finances of France and made the collection of taxes easier. Much of his work lasted after his defeat; created a new Germany out of the old; taught conquered peoples to look for or- der and simplicity in their gov- ernment. He believed profoundly in his destiny; his complete self- confidence explains his hold over men; cared little for human suf- ferings and yet thousands of solid- iers were always willing to follow him anywhern.

GLOSSARY Chronicle: A history book in which the events are written

down in the order in which they occurred, and under the date of the happening. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was begun in the time of King Alfred and was writin- ued two hundred years after his death. Copies of the book were made in several monasteries. Count — This is derived from a word meaning "companion". A count was at first a Roman oftfic- er, one of the Emperor's train or court. Since an emperor would give important posts and lands to his followers, a count became l great landowner. In England, a similar position was occupied by an earl, and the term count ls

the decisive battles of history; the p

I

Ethandune-Notable for Alfred's victory over the Danes is in Wilt- sthire. On the route of the Great Western Railway from London to Exetcr can be seen White Horse Vale where the White Horse, the national sign of the West Saxons, is cut in the slope of the chalk hill.

Fyrd — The national militia or army which existed in Saxon times. Each man had to leave his work and fight the king in the fyrd when called on. The men of

. leach shire or county would serve

under their ealdorman. so much land providing so many men. The fyrd survived into Norman times. It was a defensive army only; the men could not be ordered to fight a-broad.

Morris Dance — A dance, once common in England, thougil-it to be of Moorish origin and perhaps bFOUQht from Spain by John of

iGaunt in the 14th century. It was

danced by men who often worn fancy drew. appearing as Robin Hood. Maid Marian and other characters.

Saladin Tithe -- A tith-e was the used as stuffing for mattresses, up-

92 KENT ST.

Opposite Chin-lo ttetown Hotel

tenth part of I man's produce which was given to the Church. The Saladin Tithe was the first tax levied in England on personal property. It was imposed by Henry II in the last year of his reign to help pay for England's share i-n a crusad-e in which the English were led by Richard I.

Scutage -— Money paid in place of service. Under Norman rule the service due from a single knighfs fee was tthat of one fully armed horseman to serve in the king's army for 40 days in the year in

absorb water and therefore

a poor conductor of heat, it a fine lining for aviatofii 01o The principal source of of kapok is the island of

dla. Cochin China, Mexico

other countries B.O.K.

the time of war. In 1159 personal service in the army might be g) This Department l; gon- commuted for a money payment. i 4W5"! b! "IE Print"! 33""! With the money from this tax the {vi (',5l“:'dibTJ“h"5' Fedﬁmﬁi“ ' , - ) 0n I’ u (In! ﬁre WC 60m“ xshﬁle t” M“ soldw" '0 l and sbnnld be addressed t0 - l Mlllar itlacFadycn, a i-z ni- mmx j ling st. Charlottetown.

Kapok is the name applied to the fibres enveloping the seeds in the pod of the silk-cotton tree. These fiibrel contain a large am- ount of air and are therefore ver buoyant and elastic. Because kapo is so buoyant and elastic it is often

GUIDE’! isouvs

hi sport fishing for tuna

traditionally given the ifish are caught.

MacFARLANE BROS-ritual»

holstery and the like. ltwdcTs-T

an excellent filling for life-cl devices, sucli as life-belts. It is ten used, too. as filling for ba ages in surgical dressings. As k

though it is also produced in

Nova Scotia‘: coast, the gddo

Clﬂzown, P. I. L‘ j

SALE

at this price.

15 Fur Coats

REGULAR $198—NOW . . . .

Good many stylish Fur Cont: priced below cost. Must be seen In be appreciated. Drop In and look them over, You are under no obligation to buy- but: better he early — we expect ll quick sell-omit

$99.

MIXED NUTS, 3lbs. 1.00 GLACE CHERRIES, red or green. 8 oz. 38c ISLAND BEEF,12oz...............38c "rs"; LARD (Maple Leaf) 20c

L , ,._ s. SHORTENING (Domestic) . . . . . . . . . 29c l» > \\ t t _ \ 7 _l

WE HAVE MIXED NUTS, PEANUTS. MIXED ,

5. Chiildren may be protccinl applied only to l foreign ndble- against diphtheria by (a) plenty man. althouizh no earl‘! wife ll of good food, (b) toxin — snti- called l countess.

two straight. lines meet, the two

icon intcrsrct is ----; 9. When l

9 Fur Coats

REGULAR $295—NOW . .

$147.

Good quality! Plenty of limo! Take your choice of Bllok Sea] Dyed Rabbit. Siva-b! Renown 0cm- Monhn Processed Llmh or Brown Conny Dyed Rabbit — but come only.

CANDY. CHOCOLATES, mo, AT LOWEST PRICES. BOOK YOUR omcnnus, nooks. GEESE or runners EARLY-ALSO ‘AT LOWEST rmons.

EXTRA SPECIAL

i i FORKROASTS, porlb} 29¢ f simian. pm». 39¢ i sum s¢¢i¢ii Knitting woot. 1 u- - 35¢ = SEEDLESS iuusiusgzii». 35¢ l

_..- .\

, 55-. ‘ ‘Fass- .

23 Furl Coats‘

PURITY OATS, 5 lb.“ plig. . . . . . . . . . . 35c REGULAR $350__N0w _

COFFEE (not more than two lbs. per order)

. . . 67c to 15c FLOUR 8: FEEDS

OFWEsT (In print) 9am $0.00

You can't go wrong It t-hll prim. Better Fur Coats taken from regnllr stock and price slashed for this event. Perllln Lamb Paws, Muskrat, French Sea! Dyed Rabbit trimmed with Black or Grey Liimh, Dropped Silva:- Ilccoon and many others.

Plr lb

500000000 au-na-e-n

cm D1 Iailcvd’: vahvinerlan-Juvclopﬂ poi b“ llvlllllll l)"

R0 I _______ no .4» ulunulutly idonclllkt. ‘ltnulmluu m3'i-“»..'.i°8ll.§"";..“;'$ °“'¥?. if? .. . . . . .. ‘l... = ';E§.*:.":.E:'.:.. m .:..'.."~. BAH-E)! MEAL,’ per cwt. 3'35 t,‘1'°:'J.Z,'L‘,II.’L‘I.'Zt.'I.'Z‘»'Z‘..i.“I.'.X'.Tc"' I "l l 9173! 9M8” ?r‘¢!!° f .,. " oociur i “Mwdgng” qngnvclvlﬁyﬂrllflllt" ' i F0005 mm n. cumin nun y myu,“ rnomi: 118w ﬂﬁiiﬁﬁthToﬁl. ...» paint.

own Emmy my ... a an. to o an.