race your: . TllE lllIARLllTTETllWlI GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founded in I887) Authorized as Second Class Mall. Post Ollloo Department. Ottawa.

President, lnn A. Burnett; Vice-President. Wm. It. Burnett; Seep-Trees. G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director, .|. R. Burnett; Associate Edit/or, Frank Walker.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than [Ire Weakest Ink.”

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25. 194'!

» The Boxcar Shortage

According to the Ottawa correspondent of the Financial Post, one reason for the pressing boxcar shortage. is just plain bureaucratic in-

tervention. Trade dependance on the bur- eaucrats, he says, meant a laziness about getting western feed grain into eastern

positions, last fall. As a result a lot of feed is now having to be moved east when it should have gone through months ago.

ln normal times alert traders would have had feed grains moved into the East when boats wore available. But with a government admin- istrator paid to see that feed was made avail- able, the stuff just didn't move. Eastern farm- ers didn't bother ordering any and the admin- istrator apparently didn't get his "bank" filled up sufficiently when boats were available.

Now precious box cars are required to get these feed grains moved over the rails. In de- fense of the administrator it is said thot ho lacked "working capital" to buy feed grain ex- cept when he had firm orders. In any event tho dead hand of bureaucratic intervention seems to havo gummed up normal trade practice and increased the present impasse.

As to the over-all position, two points emerge: (I) physical movement of goods by rail in Canada in the first six weeks of the year has reached an all-time peak for this time of year. So much merchandise and materials

, an moving that this in itself is causing grief. Especially when there is an over-all shortage of boxcars on the North American continent. (2) a vory large proportion of Canadian cars are now in United States. Much of this is to move ox- ports of newsprint. This high moveemnt of box- cors to U. S. is not at once apparent, whon look- ing at Canadian figures of over-all rolling stock. Canada still has (on paper) more cars than sho owns.

But the fact is that we armcurrently har- boring a more-than-normal supply of U. S. coal cars brought in through direct action aimed to ensure that no coal shortage developed in Canada this year. lf we could just exchange a few U. S. coal cars for our own Canadian box- cars we would be a lot better off.

tlew Atlas Survey

Among many interesting publications of the Canadian’ Social Science Research Council, roc- ontly tabled in the House of Commons, is tho deport of a preliminary survey for a new Atlas of Canada. The survey was prepared by Mr. Benoit Brouillette, Montreal, and is very com- prehensivi in its scope.

lt is worth noting that Canada was ono of the first nations to have a national Atlas, which was published in I906 by the Department of the lnteriar, Ottawa. A revised and enlarged edi- tion was issued in I9I5, containing I4 pages of text and I24 pages of maps and diagrams. A great deal of additional information will be re- quired to bring the new edition up to date. For instance, the details Ion "economic geography" alone would include maps showing, in connection with farming: Distribution of agri- cultural population; types of farming (regional mops); main crops; pasture lands (cultivated, natural); stock raising jndustry (cattle/etc), and farm tenure and land, holdings. Under the same heading maps dealing with fishing and hunting would be required showing: fishing waters (fish species distribution) and main pro- ducts (regional mops); fish ports and trade, cen- tres of consumption and export markets; distri- button of population mainly occupied in tho fisheries and fish trade; distribution of fur- bearing animals; fur‘ posts and fur auction cen- tros; fur farming; fur trade, etc. Other main divisions of maps would be concerned with phy- sicol geography, (geomorphology, climate, hydro- graphy); biogeography (vegetation zones, floral -egions, distribution of native animals, otc.); economic geography (including forestry, min- ing, manufacturing and commerce as ~well as agriculture and fishing above noted); also hu- man and political geography, including historical and administrative divisions of Canada; parlia- Iontory ridings; population density and moro- monts; pattern of settlement; rural and urban distribution, as well as strategic geography showing Canada in relation to the rest of tho world. _

The survey has been mode necessary by the groot number of sources of official maps in the Dominion and Provincial Government of- ficos. lt extended from the summer of I943 to that of I945, and was concerned with mod- orn maps only, leaving out the rich historical field, and also by-possing municipal and city mops, both sources being either too scattered or not of immediate use for the purpose.

"As in the other Maritime Provinces," Mr. lrouillotto says, "Prince Edward lslond reckons upon tho Dominion Government for hor up-to- doto and detailed mops. lot iri our inquiry wo havo found a surprising wealth of locol mops. Though tho srnollsst, it is tho only Provinco of Canada to hovo on Atlas for herself: Atlas of Province of Prince Edward lslond and tho World, edited in Toronto (Cummings Mags Co.) no dots,

g; probably circa I925. Ono hundred pogos aro

{devoted to a rural directory. The cadastor mop

' ooch lot (o sub-division of the county) is

_ ‘Iced showing tho owner's nomosof ooch _ or lend. Such a list woe soon oot of date. ' .1 still eon‘ be sued for a population mop. tho census is token according to polling div-

; ‘ thoqlotost electoral lists, s ch ‘as thoro ptdvlnclololotfloisof rnborl94l,

s

French Government reviewed the situation and

or those for tho Federal elections of Juno I945, could servo to plot population data by our units."

Reference is also made to a wall map of Prince Edward lslond compiled from informa- tion offorded by SurveysRecords and other auth- entic sources by Calverleigh Milford, I920, and to the annual "road map and travel guide" is- sued by the P. E. l. Travel Bureau.

The report. also notes the soil surveys be- ing made here by Mr. Whiteside under provin- ciol and Dominion authority, in preparation for a reconnaissance mop.

-'- EDITORIAL NUIIIS -

You can't mako a hog of a gentleman by giving him an automobile, asserts Mr. John Atkins, late paper controller, and now a farm- er. i i I i

Small culture is' off to a good start for de-, velopment through the initiative and enterprise of the Matthews-Wells Co. Ltd. It is hoped in the course of-a couple of years sufficient plant will be provided to preserve and can all the produce here without shipping any away in a raw state.

O I I i

Halifax is undergoing a repeat experience of the previous after-war industrial unemploy- ment. By the end of March they expect to have 5,000 out of work. That is‘ the worst of being favoured with special war-time in- dustries; when the war collapses so do the sources of employment.

It is expected the airmen employed at Dartmouth will be transferred to Summerside rather than Greenwood, N. S., though this has not been definitely settled. ln future these two stations will provide the training for our Mari- timo air force, and Summerside is prepared to givo them a hearty welcome.

i fi Q

Sir John Tenniel, English artist, died this date I914; considered the outstanding black- and-white artist of tho Victorian era; as a cartoonist he had no superior, his contributions to Punch attracting European attention; he il- lustrated LaIIa Rookh, Ingaldsby Legends, Alice In Wonderland, Through The Looking-Glass, otc. - . ' .

With fow exceptions, candy manufacturers believe that I947 will see slow expansion, slow- er than anticipated in I946, but, nevertheless, that it will be tho first year of competition since the war, says Candy Industry. New products are expected to ho comparatively few in number and in many instances manufacturers will mor- ket existing products in new-style packages. The. new year will see greater sales because of a sugar and chocolate increase of about 20 per cont over tho proviouaquota.’

Mark Twain made many clever and pithy remarks in his day, not least of which was: "Un- limited power is the ideal thing when it is in safe hands. The despotism of heaven is the one absolutely perfect government. An earth- ly despotism would be the absolutely perfect earthly government, if the conditions were the same, namely, the despot the perfectest indiv- idual of the human race, and his lease of life perpetual. But as a perishable perfect man must die, and leave his despotism in the hands of an imperfect successor, an earthly despot- ism is not merely a bad form of government, it is tho worst form the: isfipoisisible."

Australian agriculture officers are to be sent hero to study the latest developments in soil conservation. This was decided by the Aus- tralian Agricultural Council at its 29th meet- ing in Canberra. The officers would gain valu- able experience abroad and, on their return, they would bo able to develop long-range plans for soil conservation in Australia. TheCoun- cil decided that any proposal for building up of a national reserve of grain was impracticable under existing conditions. This decision is based on tho present high prices of wheat and other grains compared with the shortage .of supplies for the feeding offipegple’ ovfrseas.

The Progressive Conservative Opposition has been roundly scolded by the Globe and Moi! for falling down on the job for which they are sent to Ottawa.’ Says our contemporary: "lt should not be necessary constantly to re- mind the members of Parliamentbf the A, B, C's of their job. If the Opposition is not to fulfil its functions, then it might as well take a long vacation and let the Goverpment return to Order-in-Council rule. To its credit the Op- position during the lost session waged a great and on the wholo successful struggle to curb the arbitrary powor of the Government and ro- store the supremacy of Parliament. But there is little point in continuing the battle against Orders-in-Council, if (there is no initiative. "0 will to follow through and make this Govern- ment truly rosponsiblo’, to’ Parliament.

Pierre Tanguy-Prigsnt, Minister of Agri- culture in tho Ramadier Cabinet, has left Paris for Washington and Ottowa._The purpose of his trip is to confer with American and Canadian authorities on tho situation of cereal grains in "Franco and tho possrbrlrtieaof buying wheat and secondary cereals. In spite of an excellent ‘I946 crop, quantities of wheat at the_d|sposal of Franco and North Africa aro still insuffici- ont. n tho ono hand, as o result of tho wor, loss groin could be sown than formerly. On the other hand, tho sovoro cold this wintorhos dostroyod o largo part of the whoot that was sown last autumn and this must now ho ro- loosed as for as possible by spring wheat. It is estimated that 200,000 tons of seed whoot will be noodod. At o rocont cabinet mootlng, tho

decided to adopt measures to oncourogo farm- ors to sow their land agoln. This will ho dono by moons of bonuses and other advantages. Tho Govornmont also commissioned Mr. Tanguy-

Prigont to come to tho United States and Can-l

THE CHARLOTTETUWN ounnouxrv’

tlotes By The Way

From any ‘“ ugh", ‘h, need for a thraough treatment of the succession (to tho Fredd- Wcl’) by law ls obvious. The p“- slrbllhlcs of improving m 1h, p11- sent sjtavule cannot be exhgustgd here: rt has been proposed fhqt g Presidential er (krrngremmyql gum. mission explore the subject 5m g covemmmt so devoutly dedicated

ought not to ignore any llHS very real‘ dcnial of choice. The "mfYlY l" B" PhR-tes of the sue- cessacsr ls in Congress and requires no recourse to the clumsy mggh- nrrism of constitutional amend- ment. hos Aargeles Times. ‘Of course, the basic prulfam I; In develop among all cousin-ice the tyne of trust and traders-fending which makes “seen-is" c1 5mg] CFTWIUC-llre as btl-rvr-en Canada and the United Slates. But it may be well‘ for" American; particularly lo realize that many aicmie pm- rc.&'es_ are not socrils a1 all, and that m a few years several other c:u:z.lries Cari have the‘: own atomic; weapons-lo say flOlhiltg qt other and carrzuvev methods cf mass 41* SIFUCHCH. The eifrphiiis elzcufd be 0" CO-Crhsration c.1111 control, not on secrecy and emfliat. —Chrrls'.. Iain Science Monitor.

Dr. Alvin Bnrach cf the College 0f Physicians and Surgecns has U90" "Ting n new method of treat- ing tuberculosis by resting the ll-"YIES. tats The New York Times. Elqllfll pressure L; applied 51111111- ""59? ll’ lo the inner‘ and outer 511113025 of the chest and to the upper and lower surfaces of the dlflpllrflgm. X-rry pictures reveal no movemc-rz-i cf lhe ribs or din. Dhrragm while the patient ls 1n the equalizing charvbsr. The effect 1s the same as if all breathing had Slcwed so that there is complete relaxation. Six cut of 14 patients suffering frcm advarrtccd tuber- culosis have been restored to health: three have shown "marked improvement". and lluree a "slight to hinder-ate benefirfl Trehimem; are given eight lo 11 hours daily for three to four mornrthe,

Building authorities lgokgd lg 1h, Wailing Restaurant 1h wa-tuhg street. London, Eng, the other day and decided that the owner must nub it 1:1 good repair Within the mcrct three n-rcmhs. dasrme the Wsemv of renairfna bflmbfd h-cmes first. The St. Thom-as Times-Journ- Bl reports. The brickwork had be- Sun to bulze and was n danger to passarsby. Perhaps it 1s not, guy-pf];- l-‘HB that the restaurant ls 1n need of some fPDliir. It was biuli Just after the Great Fire of London In 1565- HWWH. it ln still doing bus- Lnes at the old stand.

Cable deepntcheg about the pre- 53"! "Iwfkwcy in Britain tell us that tho British people are "taking it" Wllh. as usual, a sort of lmrnie good humor none the less admir- elble mouse they have m; alfefng_ five. No more than rmy other People do the British like disam- fcrrt and hardship. but they refuse 1o panic. and they have the 1m- mence asset at a long historical pvr-"pwivfi- looking backward they find some solid basis for their corn. viclicm that things are nave;- y; bid as they seem. that somehow a de- sperate situation will right itself as 1t always has. And this tradltocml refusal to admit; the possibility bf intimate disaster was x. factor which helped beat Hitler's blitz. Goad humor alone can-not avert catas- trophe but il does help. Good humor will not norm you if you are cold and miserable. orglve you Iieht ll the pcwer ls off. but it help; mountain morale and o sense of Wvirortiona Many n Briton will be ravine to himself these days. "Sup- pose we had all this, and bombs too!” Our hats off 1o them‘. Ottawa Journal.

In New n! swlek we hpve on mfermfing blrd samctuery which mldam 15 heard of, rtnrl which is not even familiar to every New Brunswdlrcr, let alone ovary Can- adian in the other eight provinces. It's on Ken‘. Island. 1h the Grand Mariam archipelago. amd. mtang other things, H's the home of the elder ducks‘ cf the Bay of Fundy. It's also a breeding ground of those mysterious birds. stormy petrels. 1hos-e clownlsh birds. puffins, and thdee diminutive member! of the penguin family. the small mks. The seagull; which congregate there are counted not. 1:» thou!- anas. but in scores of thousands. -Sb1.nt John-i Telegraph-Journal.

mrlar hurry when they have to pa to school. But In some port-s of Africa, they go by sh‘. to their classes. nol UXHOllv out ol enthus- iasm but. for the simple reason that there ls no other form of trons- pcri available. Appropriate aircraft are used ln out-af-ttie-wey als- ulers where the formers live n tau-named miles or more from the nearest school. A United Kingdom alroratt manufacturing firm 1a mating a specialty at eupplylrrg the 12 to 14 small soot machines. -- Predulctm Gleaner. ,

A Trlnlty men who drvovo "trough ftr Great Gate and across the oout would. I imagine. find hlm- self 1n sheep collision with the outhoirltloe. But n treaty men ls going to do 1t next term-ks col- lusion with the authorities. m: n-orne ls George VI. which exploit! o eobd deal. Trlnlt was his coll- ege our-Ins his relot. vet; brief this at Cambridge In IMO-M, and In delving into Trinity l4 no ooptmm mortal can he ls follcmhig n pre- cedent set by his greet-ground- morher. Queen Victoria. Tho oc- caslon ls rm qustorcuruasory of the foundation of tho aligns. which for from boil’ among 1n Osntrldpo but no dimly alnlm lode! to be the oromrt, ltd not" ln msmbezl only. Measured‘ b!

odo to try to purchase tho necessary quonyltios of groin. ‘

God's-with lln Holster ecersplotsous

R5 WIS lo l-he choices of theggeeple, cmger

(rhurh-m are one tn any pori- don

Fishing By Machinery

(Flilserles News Ballelhs) Machines may sometimes be smarter than man. after lll- lb!‘ i11- etnnce. look at what happened one time last auturm, rh- ln late sum- mer, when commercial fishermen set their herring nets off o oertaln strl‘ qr Nova Smith's northeast coast and flehlfl8 Wu 60M. I00. 111 the some general locslltv by Ahle. one of the bolts used for 01111101‘- atary fishing arid other P111110!" by the Atlantic Herring Investigat- ing Committee 1n ‘studying the herring stocks of Eastern Canada and Newfoundland. Gill-nets put out by Ah1c‘s poo- pie took more herring than gear- set elsewhere by others. and for the simple reason that n piece of mBChlnery had told Ahle where fish would be more abundant than in the areas where the commercial fishermen were operating at the time. - As a mailer of fact, “piece of machinery“ ls rot the right term. 'I‘h¢ apparatus which indicated where the fish were more abund- ant ls not a machine but n device known as a depth sounder. 1n the particular lnstrqzzee in question lt was trlcd out at sevezal spots. It lndi ted that there were tower fish whsr tire commercial fishermen were setting their- nets than at some other spots. The Ahic gear was set. st these other places. O O C

Sure enough, Ahlc catches were bigger. The soimder knew what It was talking about. It was smarter than man Ln this herring case, but. thazv. man put its emartnecs Into it in the first place.

The people using ll1l5 particular sounder were scientific investiga- tors but the same kind of device had already proved its value In ac- tual coonmemial fishing operations elsewhere. Depth sounder; air echo sounder: have been used regularfl for several year.- pzm lw various operator; in British Columbia's big herring fishery. West Ccast purse- seine boats have found them very useful as locators of herring. and as savers oLtlme and money since they enable captains to know when "sets" are likely to produce catches worth the effort.

Efplnralory fishing ls only one part. of the Atlantic Herring Com- mittee’; work, which, by the way, is done under joint. arrangements between’ the Federal Department of Fisheries. Newfoundland. governments of Gan-radars four Af- lantlc provinces In brief, the pur- pose o.‘ the lcmg-tenn investigation —-t.he work began s couple of years

more — 1s to gather adequate know- ledge of the Atlantic herring stocks of Canada and Newfoundland. to determine the felsibllity of increas- ing the length of the fishing sea- sons. to ascertain the most effect- ive fishing methods and the pon-

tain greater return from the her- ring fishery. -

ing 1o fill in the background cf an

have different effects in the case

of herring h; to fatfineas. etc. at

different periods 1; also one q rho

Svrblwls of study - when Ire they

1n best shape for this use or m:

that? So. too. for instance. t; the

question as to the occurrence o.’

different distinct “populat1ons" of

herring within the over-all popula-

etlon. In this axmeoiloer, by tho

WHY. some at the 194d Investiga-

tions indicated that honing from

several Gulf areas fall into din.

tlnct divisions.

Other research - Dr. All. Lelm.

of Canada's Fisheries Research

Board staff in Investigator-ini- Clw-rse for the committee - has

show-n such interesting facts as that 1939. 1941. and 194a pftducgd a much larger "crop" of herring

than the intervening year's. A strik.

ing indication of the changes which‘ mly occur 1n connection with ha. ring stock-s la one area. they or.» showed that so per oent qt tho herrlne nmnlea or the Magdalen 1519MB ln 1946. were 3-year-old fish whereas 1h 1943 the Mqmrm "mlllltcronged from six to eight years In ile and over o third of them were a-yoor-olds. By them. selves. some of the points brought out from time to time In the n.

the King. wh h 1 r

on Ito boordsoshdsuldmtghrhkm

in the ooglng oeletsrivtonr. moon. humor. "

‘Gilli luo woa lnoro than Ilse vole nowadays. Almost tho entire efforts of mods-n existence on rs- valvfns aroma her. A now theatre ll bulll- md the interior decorators wfllllltle their work with m eye on the fau- sex. ‘the color ornoais and the Illhtlng orroneanarvts must be rush, that they war holp woman tro loot: her boot. Ratouront poo- Wlflmr who know their business follow out the some lass. Ivor

filo sixty-five yo?! ego boa ' s. o jorlo loo-pound conductor. Ho rifled an e 1W4 to {are engine so, when how

9 Noe s c on its end . Iut from. the _ engineer. may: talking orders from on oooduott. u) he cut the mo: . ‘hops Wt lt- up Ihln; flnolptrct down. Hllllly 1g“ ¥ _ '_ beat the dos u oo orthon- olneer. thus firmly utootlohti‘ we only hLs own slgnol,,btltrfltlflll