DECEMBER 3. 1951 r,,,

Gene,-,1 secretary's report for m,.,..,..- 1950-51. New Executive

v . last fall conventi in Sam: 31;; lslate of officers were W5 '0 by your Board of Govern- in annual convention: . m5,d..m.Mlas Mabel O'Brien. rim vice-President-Elmer Pin-

53 on -.

wslpcontl Vice-President - Earle Je;;L;:5,.i;..g sec'y.-Norman Mac- 3; - Treasurer - Ml-5! Mllbel A",l:'.. President-J. E. Murphy.

0 Ti '5 present year 1951. elec- vglre conducted 'at Souris. mun”. Riv”, Acadlan, and Sum-

mi-i'5l(l('. Printing Act of Incorporation

iwraulttl by John Connolly to make

' rlirlnges in our Act of and By-Laws. the wishes of the intin now copies of the Act mp .ll'flllilI.lI(!. and will be sent mil to each teacher with the first gall licwslcttr-r.

Ur. Connolly reported. after ha.-.11.; studied other principal Acts 0' llll'0l'1)(7l'llll0fl. that be consid- p:'pd ours on a par with the oth-

1-rs. l.uc;ll Convention Presidents

it has now become established policy to have those local presi- ouiis not already on the executive 31,-'0 zittcnd in particular the an- nual iuccting in the fall, the Eas- tor meeting. the spring meetlmz ior plalllllllf: fail conventions and (till oilirr ilnportnnt mectingwhere i:.r nliilrrc oi the presidents would in riccinori advisable.

l'.W.('. 0i:r Federation is represented on the P. W. C. Alumni Association in the Misses Catherine Wallace. Grririirlc Villett, and Mabel O'- Brien.

frlut-.1Iion:sl Publicity Committee

Alumni Association

Tlir Edurlltiollal Publicity Conl- lntircr llenrlcd by Miss Estelle lioulirss. conducted their business lillll a two-fold aim:

First, to make it apparent to the people of our Province that our present system of education is not llir post. Second, to let them see rhnt might be done with the con- C0rl('d action of ratepayers, De- pa:-tnient of Education, and teach-

OFF.

Followlllg up the idea of last liar. i950, when representatives from the Federation of Agricult- ilrt-, the Calladian Legion. and the Woiiir.il's Institute met to discuss educational problems, the Federa- tion rhnso representatives from srvrral provincial organizations as a committee to arrange for Edu- cation Week.

For the ilrst time in our history. we had on oi: committee repre- sentativcs from Canadian Associ- ation ior Adult Education. Canad- isn Education Association. Canad- lsn Chamber of Commerce. School Triistot-s Canadian Federation of Agriculture. Canadian Legion, Wo- li:en's institutes. P. E. I. Fisheries Federation, Teachers' Federation. and the Press and Radio. In ad- dition to the above groups, we re- ceivcrl the co-operation of clergy sirl Home and 8choolAssociations.

The president of our general ccnlnilttee, Miss Bowness. reports that ”rcsults were most gratifying as far as I could hear.and see."

The Island Legion conducted a provincial essay contest for Edu- cation Week. selecting the topic. EIlt'Cklll;: the essays. and donating the prism. A prominent insurance company doi-ated a generous mild prize for a provincial poster tnlitvmt sponsored by the Fedora- tian. such activities on the part at the public indicates an awaken- ing in the interest oi things edu- ciitlrutal.

The Island Film Library made srrailzt-ments for the month of liiarril to have films shown iiirougllout the province in con- ncrtlon with education. In this Val". education was everybody! liusilirs not only for Education Week but for the whole month.

Tile Home and school Associat- ions arranged to have their regu- lar monthly meeting during Edu- cation Week when some special Dmsram was arranged to mark the occasion.

Miss Bowness concluded her lkiucation Week report by stating. ”ln looking back over the week's

"ill I believe that we. the Teach- "! Federation. can feel that we "l Some small share in arousing this interest: but they Ire begin- llns to realize that schools can be ter and that their children might have an education suited to their peculiar need. Yet. arc the "frills aware that with a modern t improved curriculum he motivating force is the teach- "- Ind unless the teacher is fully tllsliiied and properly trained. the "It is lost? How can we teachers "I!!! the need for higher salaries ' ch in the am essential? I 0"? proper task of public re- 00! now. is to convince some of MW lnlerolted groups and have "ll curry the truth to the l0- Let us get them to see that colnyone can't teach school."

53

:5 E

55”:

9"? Federation has one teacher msentative on the Advisory Imfill of Education. This repre-

V8 in the voice of the Fede-

5? 5

P. E. I. T eachers' Federation ' .

GENERAL 5ECBE'l'AllY'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR. 1950-51

f0-f0

bO6&e

Improved Roads l

The first improved road of which we have any record is de- scribed by Herodotus as an Egyp- tian road built for transporting the material for building the "Great Pyramid." He stated that it re- quired the labour of 100.000 men for ten years. It was ten feet thick In Places. and was built of massive stone blocks. Traces of this road near the pyramid have been found. The Romans have given us the first authentic record of improv- ed road building. One of the first great roads was the Applan Way, that was started in 312 B. C. They built their roads straight where- ever possible; their solidity has never been excelled. These roads were drained by at deep ditch on either side. The four layers of stone and mortar that fonned the road were fourteen feet wide and 0!. ten three feet or more in thickness, Sections of these Roman roads are still in use after 2,000 years. In England. some of them have been reopened after being modern- ized. No better foundation for a road has heell found.

ration, and represents the island teacher in all his thinking and speaking.

Pension

Pension Commissioners Lidstme and Matheson as advised by the Board of Governors requested the Government to (I) delete the age proviso for retirement after 30 yeare' teaching: and (2) to make a contribution to our fund. Both requests were acted upon.

Your Federation plan to coll- tlnue to press for the adoption of these two requests.

Textbook and Curriculum

The Department of Education have made the following changes in textbooks for 1950-51: Vi-VII-VIII histories; VII-VIII- X readers; VII-VIII French; IX mathematics; and X English.

Somme school

As requested by the Federation. the Department of Education co- operated by making plans for con- ducting a summer school whereby there would be brought lllto the province an educational authority from Toronto to conduct classes ill Educatlollal Psycllology and Motil- ods. The response was not at all encouraging.

Money Available for Locals

At the request of the Charlotte- town Instltute, the Governors vot- ed 575 for each of the ll locals who made requests for funds to carry out some local program. Such projects must be acceptable to the Federation before the granting of the money.

Salary

Turnpike Road:

The lllrnplke lnarls France and Englanrl. Many of these were built by Wrumpike Trusts" toward the end of the eighteenth century. They were so named because the entrance to these roads was blocked by it long polo studded with plkes. To use

MM

years, our Island Federation were hosts to the C. T. F. delegates in annual convention. which for” the first time in its history. was at. lrnded by delegates from ten Provinces.

The convention extended from Monday, August 6th, through to Thursday. Angus". Elth.

On Saturday previous to the convention. is national conference

originated

In general. the Government has made no increase since 1047. Thus, we find that out of 709 teachers 21) are receiving ill the 600's; 127 are receiving less than 31000; 451. less than 31200; and only 25 are

- NEWSY NOTES -

By J. A. Cllrk. D.3e.

in the class receiving s2000 or over.

Island average for Grades 1-X is 31205.

Island average for rural teacher.

of secretaries convened in Char- lottetown. On Friday f0IIOll'Illi!. convention, a .cry elaborate day's tour and entertainment were pro- vided.

.-rm: GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

9&0?

ll.A.T.0. session: it conclude At llolne

ROME, Dec. 1 -(AP)-The 12 Atlantic Allies wound up their eighth council yesterday by call- ing for a quick final report on the possibility of creating an interna- tional European army, including Germans.

But Britain's Foreign secretary. Anthony Eden, indicated Prime Minister Churchill's Conservative Government has no idea of re-

this goad. passengers had to pay I toll to have this pike turned aside. Most of these roads were poorly constructed.

Great improvement was made to these. turnpike roads early in the nineteenth century by applying the road building methods of Telford

and McAdam. These men both ad- . Vacated thorough drainage for vcrsing the Labor Governments

. . . roads. Both excavated to a solid dwsm" to mm "100: "om mm

base. McAdam laid large stones ()ll"T.:T- this base, with smaller stones on between Toronto and Montreal in

fine for the surface. Telford's sys-rd the macadamized roads to tern was somewhat similar, but the -'1-mvel," and maintenance for heavy rock and crushed stones were notltrnfflc was excessive. Tars and graded in the same way. Theselasplmlt. binders were used to roads, when first introduced. usedlsirengthcn the surface and re- water as a binder. At the time 0T.'(Ill('e dust, from 1904 to 1914. McAdam's death in 1836. there ivereithe United states uuring this per- l,l00 turnpike trusts in Englandriod, this asphalt type of Many of these were using mac-'cre:ised from 18 adamized roads. The railroad era that followed brought disaster to the turnpike trusts.

t :wa: built. in 14193. but by 1909, only live miles of rolicltele road had Vhrfcll laid. By 1924, however, over ',.".l.000 miles of concrete road had. been built, ill the United Stateal Ill 1835. Lower Canada, as Qlle-iniarl this type of improved road,

Canadian Turnpike Roads

horses used to haul loads. some of United States. Probably tbcse turnpike roads had as manylbo increased to 2.500.000 miles. At as ten toll gates at Intervals of present prices for labour. team: about eight miles, land railroad and water transpor-

An Englishman described 5 M-,tation for heavy road materials,

lame as 5 gm upon gmsshoppervtlle macadamlzlng of

, costs from 55.000 to 510,000 per or

ml his 1, t H rt ' .costs from 51,000 to 03,000 per mile. kench cgongu wrerfllxeds Theland the making of sand-clay

Lhelor dirt roads costs less than 31000 wheels for winter driving, and putlper mm ' 0 I The marked gmwm

"?"wa;h'enupC;1ecT::rP rclglniyi of improved roads is largely due to r ' . 1 I V” fortable when the snow levelled ”'e ameI:o3st::d”1:.:T!(:Ene'

their ”md5' - l The Callaciirin Pacific Railway

The turnpike trusts made nlanylmst approximately 520000000000 road improvements. some of thEm,whicll was low than half'of' what llllroduced macbdllmlzad 1'00-C13. our Canadian provinces will spend

establishing the building of turn- miles per year, which was moral pike roads. Many of these lnlprov-llhaii any other iiuploverl type of ed roads were built by turnpike rnnrl Inirl at. that time. Funk and trusts. Tolls from one cent to thir- Wagnalls, Stnndnrri Encyclopedia, teen cents were charged, accord- (1912). states: "Recent statistics

in: to the width of the tires on.sllow something over 2,100,000 the caleche. or the number of miles of public highways in the

this Willi

the layer above them, then crush-,IBl'l. 1 ed stone, screened. using the; Hard Sufllcld R0153 coarse stones undelneath and met From 190-1. the automobile caus-'

"I road in-Id to 10,500 miles! The first piece of concrete roadi

hr-c was then known. passed an at-tlwas being laid at no rate of 6000:,

highways i

an army. Eden told a. press conference "Britlsh formations will not join the European army. But there might be some form of associa- tion." Officials in London explained

' l

1-ab:

General Electric lamps

that this ' ” would

of "working with B.H.A.P.E.," Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's headquar- ters.

Although Britain's stand is not new. it produced a fresh reaction in the European Consultative As- sembly at Strasbourg. A long shadow fell over the possibility that the European army plan ever would be realized.

There Paul Reynaud, French rightist predicted to the represen- tatlves from lo European parlia- ments that Britaln's rejection would result in overthrow of the plan in the French Parliament.

"Our opponents will be able to say the United Kingdom invites you to drown your own armies in a European army but she keeps her own," Reynaud said.

Schuman reported to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization here yesterday that recruiting for a 43- ivision European army. under supra-national political authority,

DISTRIBUTED BY

R. T. EHOLMAN Ltd-

Summerside and, Charlottetown

could begin in April.

For Presents Yin: Can Afford """ " CHRISTMAS

YOU CAN'T AFFIOIID TO Miss

and maintained them In good coll-

jrhls year on the construction and

31088.

Island average for urban teach- er, sum.

of the 1068 paid to rural teach-

Never before in C. T. F. history we venture to say. have such ex- tensive plans for entertainment been effected. which, needless to

ers. the district on the average 533'. would have bccn btynnd the

my! 3315 gml the Govemmeng financial means of P.E.I.T.F 753; and 0: the 51071 paid alone.. We deeply appreciate the in urban teachers, the district mmncml 355l-WINE ill"!!! by Al- pays 3937 and the Government be"-it the 9- -4- P- '1"- Of Quebec.

Nova Scotia, and our own Island people.

The Provincial Government, the Town of Summerside. the School Board of Charlottetown, the Chief Justice of P.E.I.. and many indi- viduals both teacher and lay made nlost generous contributions of ef- fort and time for which we are all sincerely grateful.

We trust that all teachers sit- ting in at any of the C. T.F ses- sions have derived at least some small idea of what their national organization is attempting in or- dcr to make its prestige and im- portance felt in the Councils of our nation.

3934. The reason the urban teach- er receives more from the Gov- ernment is that his tenure is high- er and his class of license on the average.

Early in the year, 1951, a dele-

gatlon from the Teachers' Federa- tion met the Government to ask for a salary increase.' At a meet- ing of the Board of Governors previous to the annual convention. J. R. Murphy reported that he had-gone to the Minister of Edu- cation to find out definitely what the Government were doing re the salary request, and was told that definitely there is no money, The meeting suggested that a delegation should again meet the Government. this time preferably the whole Legiaslature. You know the rest of the story, how the de- bate suddenly and unexpectedly collapsed. thus making our meet- ing impossible. Thus, what had been intended as a final effort before the Legislature closed. turn- ed out to be a complete rebuff of our well-intentioned plans.

Federal Aid

The Federal-Provincial Confer- ence did not deal.as expectcd. with the matter of Federal aid. A few months ago when it was known that a vote was coming up in the Colnmons on the matter of Fed- eral ald. our three M. Pfs were asked to support the question. In reply. one clearly indicated his sympathy and interest, but being an assistant to a Minister. did not see his way clear to vote YES. one member was absent for the vote, though he wrote. "I have sup- ported and will do so again as in the past any Droposed legislation ill this respect"; one member de- ggely and unequivocally voted J. A. S. WILLIAMS. The very pralseworthy and chal- Gemm 5""”"Y P'E'I'T'F' lenging brochure on Federal aid

prepared by our national secretary E M A , I

has been well dlstriburtied thr,otulzl:- E C 4 . . 3

:1: 9:16 l:'r0l:I:;e tall elben fcrtlltl. RELIEVE ITCII PIOMP'I'lVI Cuticura

p ' much helps relieve rashes, discomfort. Over

70 ycarI' success. Buy at druzliafs. C. T. 1". Convention

ground and bring forth CUTICURASOANOINTMENT For the first time in almost 30 h .

NOW AT YOUR DEALER'S

lllllliii

Teacher Supply

Out of 709 teachers in the Pro- vince this last year. ll6 are begin- ners. 325 have had from i to 10 years' experience. and 79 have had 20 years' or more. The rural average for the Pro- vince is 6.11; the urban. 16.8; and the average for all teachers is 7.7

U7 teachers are males, and mi married females. There are 70 permit teachers. 14 third class. 29'! second. and only 228 first class.

This year. 1950-51. 91 students took teacher training: last year. 7o and the year previous, 81.

Co-operation Appreciated

iBcIore concluding this cursor,v report. we should like to express our apprcclatioll to the Depart- ment of Education and to any tr-achcr or teachers who have as- sisted iii any way to make the year more pleasant or more suc- ccasful.

Again. let l.le repeat. "May your convention meet with every suc- ccss."

'2ioit-RaTed"TR ...-r70r"”'

.xY.Y,,.,. l.-I '

,. ills. I

”1Job-Raied"

ml JW”

TO CUT OPERATING COSTS

dm0"- some 0f 01958 Wmlblke repair of our highways, which was roads still exist in the Province of cgtimated at 347.-,'000,000000

Quebec. i Ill 1925. Canadians owned 750.- The Royal Roads. built and 000 automobiles and 75.000 trucks; nialntalned by th: Province of '0ill1.V lh9l'9 M0 approximately

we;-0.2.000.C00 pnsscllger cars, and 600.- 1003-,,ii!(I0 trucks. Last year Canadian

Quebec by the stand voyer, 24 feet wide, with a three

ditch on each side. The first lligll-j”Wk5 transported about 20.000.- way in Canada was built rllong tliciooo tons of merchandise. There north shore of the St. L:wvrencellV”9 VCTY l9W bus lines in 1925.

River, between the three centres of I-351 Year D115 lines Carrled. 1"0ui.'b- Three Rivers, Montreal and Que-13M 150,000,000 people on the high- beg city. when cpmpleted in 1735b ways. and another 16:) 000,000 were it was reported that the trip from Passmlzers on city buses.

Montreal to Quebec wok mm. and Prince Edward Island has over a half days. These early road 9-730 miles of road: at these. 250 builders had5 rivers and streams to m”95 are paved; 1.700 are lmP1'0V- L-n',5s' some of me shanowerrd roads and about 1.750 are clay streams were fordcd by the lay-'l'95d5- M0” Daved highways are int; of stones across for a -road-5 'r'l'””.V "eedefl 0" "19 lslantl. and way; on some of the sn.n”m.'tl1e other roads should be improv- rivm-5. wooden badges were bum crl as soon as mollcv is available. by lalldowners. and rolls cllargcd. "TI" T C The bridges on larger rivers were built by corvees. under the direc- tion of the grand voyer. Feri'ies were operated where the cost of bridges would be excessive.

The first improved roads in Up- per Canada were the extensions made out into the country from Yonse and Dundas Streets in Tor- onto. A road, with sections of cor-. duroy construction, was completed'

FOR

I switched in Marvelisbe for i dependable sloiris

You get more engine protection under all driving conditions with Marvelube-the Heavy-Duty motor oil that meets

car fnanufacturcrs' specifications for correct lubrication.

Marvelube is a detergent motor oil. It

not only lubricates-it cleans. A clean engine-free from gum, sludge and abrasive particles-lasts longer and gives you

more trouble-free performance. Let your Imperial Bsso Dealer protect the

investment you have in your car with his iiCare-Saves-Wear" service.

tho sign that says

W to stop for 0

..i i i

Sr” . filllm,

WPIAII. A CHRISTMAS! A houscful of happiness .

her C.C.M. gift.

Tiny Tim is busy learning to manipu- late sharp turns with his Joyrlder while Betty has just returned flushed with excitement and healthy exercise gained

. through a trial run of her new C.C.M.

Sidewalk Bike.

But Big Brother is a bundle of sup- pressed excitement as he fondles his new C.C.M. Matched Hockey Set and watches the clock. As soon as his whopping big

Bl(Y(l.ES, JOYCYCLES 8. JUVENILE VEHICLES lieavfh and Joe; for &x5vl or Boy!

-C-M-

filled to the rafters with the laughter of children . . . each content with his or

...

Christmas dinner is digested. he's ing for the rink.

No wonder Mom and Dad agree that this is the best Christmas ever. They learned in time that C.C.M. quality cost no more for the added joy it brings. I