.

Need For Action .

A story of almost incr edible neglect in the field of technical sur- veys has been unfolded to a House of Commons committee by federal offi- cials. Apparently this neglect has been of long standing, for’ which Lib- eral regimes were largely to blame, though the Conservatives have not treated the matter much better.

According to the committee’s re-. is- hamstrung in its efforts to make

- gn accurate assessment of Canadian

mineral resources. Only one-third of the national geological survey has been completed, although it is known that new mineral areas will be need- ed for exploitation by 1960. Large areas of Canada remain unmapped and uncharted. At its present rate, the hydrographic service will take 100 years to produce all the charts needed for development of Canada’s Northland. The department needs 60 oceanographers; it recently acquired one. With the exception of the Do- minion Observatories, the story is the same throughout the whole de- partment.

In the committee’s view, the situa- tion has now reached a critical stage in which the emergency can be over- come only by a crash program. In- deed, basic field research has fallen so far behind the need for fundamen- tal data regarding our resources, especially in the Arctic region, that Canada’s economic future is in peril.

The House committee is to be commended for calling attention to this matter in such emphatic terms. Its report, it is to be hoped, will re- sult in prompt action on the Govern-

_ment’s part.

Castro's Program

Premier Castro’s revolutionary government has proclaimed its long promised agrarian land reform pro- gram for Cuba, and it has given American interests quite a jolt. It calls for expropriation of much pro- perty, mostly owned by U.S. sugar companies, for distribution among 200,000 landless families. American concerns must divest themselves of more than 11-2 million acres \of cane land, with compensation in govern- ment bonds based on tax value of the land last October. Inasmuch as tax value has long been kept very low in Cuba, on purpose, this will

‘ enable the government to acquire the

land at prices far below actual worth. Furthermore, the bonds will not be payable until 1990 and will bear only

. # per cent interest.

Back in April, when Castro was in Washington, he told the American Society of Newspaper Editors that

~ American businéssmen. need have no

concern about his government. He — said: “No interest has to worry. Our program is to stimulate private in- vestment in industry in order to in- crease thé living standard of our peo- ple.” That made him quite popular with the big interest boys. Now they’re hollering blue murder. It seems you can’t find an honest man anywhere, ‘these days.

Revolution In Farming

A writer in “Business Horizons,” published by the Indiana Univer- sity, has amassed some striking figures to show the revolutionary changes which have taken place in farming in the United States. We have no comparable figures for Canada, but the trend is doubtless the same. It points up one of the chief reasons for farm surpluses,

Meat production shows a similar trend. It took 15 weeks and 15 pounds of feed in 1930 to produce a three pound broiler. On research

farms new metheds of g pro- duce the same broiler in- weeks on 5.5 pounds of feed. In other words, grain production has doubled while each bushel of grain produced yields twice the amount of meat. The same is true of eggs. Whereas in 1930 it took 50 pounds of feed to produce 77 eggs, today it will yield 145 aggs.

Panama Canal Rights

Reference was made in these columns recently to the agitation in the Panama Republic over U.S. long term canal rights. According to the Financial Post, the U.S. pays less than $2 million-a year for these rights—although the waterway yields $80 million annually. The Panamanians are getting a much smaller cut than the Egyptians got for Suez before it was nationalized by Nasser in 1956.

The main obstacle to similar dras- tic action by Panama appears to be that the U.S., when it built the Panama Canal, obtained a perpetual lease oh a canal “zone” ten miles

\

* CANADA HAS NEVER Be

EN IN BETTER SHAPE “ —— Tee PRIME MINISTER ,

GROWING IN EVERY WAY

OTTAWA REPORT

Canada’s Delegations

By Patrick Nicholson

The low calibre and meagre contribution of Canada’s repre- sentation at international con- ferences has regrettably become

.

Kindt. The only experienced par- liamentarian in the group is Manitoba's Waltelr Dinsdae, a

wide. But it is argued that sover- eignty was not surrendered on this strip of land, and this claim appears to be confirmed by payment of the $2 million yearly fee.

“Seizure of the Panama Canal by Panama,” says the Post, “would be an action very comparable to Nas- ser’s, neither more nor less illegal. Considering that one of Nasser’s motives was financial (he wanted the canal revenue. to help build the Aswan Dam), it looks as if the Am- ericars would be advised to pay Panama more generously if ‘they wish to avoid an awkward dilemma.”

EDITORIAL NOTES This ought to be reassuring to those who are worrying about the German situation: the International

Union of Astrologers has chosen |

West Berlin for its 1961 conference. * € *.

The late Mr. Frank B. Clarke was prominent in business and social circles for many years in this Pro- vince, and his death in Sarnia, Ont., will be leared with widespread re- gret.

* * +

“Power can be limited only by counter balance of power. Without that, treaties, international organ-

izations and international law are of |

no use whatever.” — Dean Acheson,

former U. S. Secretary of State. * 2

J

Welcome visitors to the Province yesterday were Sir Saville Garner, United Kingdom High Commission- er in Canada, and Lady Garner, who, it is hoped, will he able to re- turn for a longer stay before the holiday season ends. Sir Saville has pleasant recollections of his pre- vious visit here and last night gave an inspiring address before the Ca- nadian Club.

- 2 *

America’s gift for slang produces many coined words, but staid and steady England also can be credited with its sharé: The Royal Automobile Club has come up with the latest creation. It is “jamper,” and it means a bumper-to-bumper traffic jam. The auto club produced it to describe the “worst ever” jams that clogged Britain’s inadequate highway system over the recent Bank holiday. The Manchester Guardian reported one “jamper” 20 miles long.

* * *

It is just a3 well that the royal yacht Britannia did not make its voyage up the St. Lawrence Seaway in‘late April, at the time of the open- ng of navigation. For, judging by what has happened to some other

ting vessels, it would have had a time. fhe Britannia will profit

from the experience of humble craft. Like them, it may get itself bumped

‘ground in the locks) but these’ are

being fitted up with special cushions to preserye the sleek yacht’s paint job, ia

an international joke. In United Nations and in North Atlantic Treaty circles in other countries, I have found that our best friends won't tell us what they think of Canada’s delegations.

Several years ago, Parliamen- tary giants such as that then Opposition firebrand John Dief- enbaker, and the C.C.F. foreign affairs expert Alistair Stewart, and the Liberal Party President Senator Wishart Robertson, won high repute for Canada, when their eloquent speeches and con- structive comments gave a lead to NATO conferences.’

Since then the stahdard has slipped. Too often our leading parliamentarians have consider- ed the home front to be of ex- Clusive importance; all-expen- ses-paid trips to exotic faraway places, have been handed around as sops to back-benchers and ward-heelers rather than to pot- entially effective delegates; ex- perienced British debaters and prominent American Senators have easily stolen the limellight from Canadians who had been making too merry too ate in dubious night spots.

FARM TEAM IN BIG LEAGUE

A new low has been achieved by Canada’s delegation to the Atlantic Congress, assembling in Britain's capital this week.

Our delegation consists or two elements, parliamentarians and private citizens. The 15 M.P.’s and Senators contain a few who would make an adequate support- ing caste, such as Okanagan’s Dave Pugh, Fort William's Hub- ert Badanai, Wellington Huron’s

young former Parliamentary As- sistant whol is likely to mature in time into cabinet material. One Parliamentarian comment- “the outstanding dele- gate is good on agriculture, but neigher knows nor cares about foreign affairs.” “ But why is there no front-bench- er of any party? Why must Ca- nada send a sandlit team again- st the “Giants” an “Yankees”, from next door? Surely our Parliament can spare a few Cab- inet Ministers and Opposition front bench men to represent Canada at a five-day conference? The private citizens in the dele- gation have been recruited by two unknown vice chairmen. One is a former Conservative M.P., unremembered here and inex- perienced in NATO conferences. Yet he rejected, when suggested as delegates, former M.P.’s of other parties who have won high repute in NATO circles, such as Quebec’s Charlie Cannon and Winnipeg's Alistair Stewart. The other vice charman a Con- servative Party worker unknown on the national stage, shared in rejecting the nomination by the United Nations Association of Canada of the well-known foreign affairs expert, Willson Woodside, as a delegate. Yet among the delegates he named is a person unknown at international confer- ences of this type, and heard of chiefly in association with the vice chairman as “‘The Gold Dust Twins”. WILL OUR VOICE BE NEEDED A prominent Senator, impres-

sed by the well-known people

included in other countries’ dele- gations, gloomily read Canada’s list, and commented: “I don’t know a single soul except Admir- al Grant.” The latter, formerly a successful Chief of the Naval Staff, should be a stand-out on

Marvin Howe and Alberia’s Dr-j-our delegation, able to make a

valuable contribution to the Military Committee at. the Con- gress.

NATO circles in-U.S.A., which have contributed international- ly-known headline names to their delegation, have declared that “The list of Canadian delegates {s disappointing—but the real representatives of Canada at the Atlantic Congress will be the splendid list of Canadian sign- ers of the Declaration of Atlantic Unity”.

These signers, all but one omit- ted from the Canadian delega- tion, include politicians John Die- fenbaker, Gordon Churchill, Mikel Pearson, Paul Martin, M.J. Cold- well and George Hahn represent- ing all political parties; labour leaders George Burt (U.A.W.), William Mahoney (Steel Work- ers) and Percy Bengough: univ- ersity president Dr. “Larry” MacKenzie and Professor A.R. M. Lower; J.S. Duncan, chairman of Ontario Hydro; K.R. Thom- son, George’ Ferguson and El- more Philpott of the newspaper world, and very many others equally prominent.

The object lesson of this Con-

‘gress is that our delegations to

international meetings should be chosen to represent Canada, not the political part in power; that our leading politicians of all par- ties, always so ready to leave Ot- tawa to speak before Canadian voters, should equally be prepar- ed to go to address internation- al audiences; and above all, that

the taxpayers’ money should not

be used to provide junkets to ex- otic faraway places as a reward for party, as opposed to national services.

Trouble Off Iceland

BBC London Letter

The quarrel over Icelandic fishing limits — a senseless one at the best of times — has taken a turn for the worse. This fol- lows a complex sequence of events. One trawler was caught by an Icelandic patrol while fish- ing — or so the patrol alleged— between three and four miles from the coast.

(Only a three-mile limit is form- ally recognized by Britain, while Iceland has since September at- tempted to enforce a twelve-mile limit; but in practice British } trawlers are instructed not to fish closer than, the four-mile limit claimed by Iceland since 1952).

Although a British patrel at first prevented the trawler’s ar- rest, it was later allowed to pro- ceed to port with the Icelandic patrol. In court, however, its skipper was charged not merely with fishing between three and four miles from the coast but al- so, retrospectively, with other al- leged offences between four and twelve miles out.

PUNITIVE SENTENCE

A punitive sentence of three

months’

of 3,620 pounds was levied, to- gether with confiscation of the trawler’s equipment and catch; the case is now subject to an ap- peal. Immediately after this ano- ther Icelandic _patrol sought to arrest another British trawler, also alleged to be fishing between three and four miles out.

But this time the Royal Navy not merely intervened but refus- ed to permit the arrest of the trawler. In a third incident, since then, shots were fired (safely

wide of any mark) somewhere |

near the twelve-mile limit. The last incident has been the subject of a strong (and well justified) protest from the British to the Icelandic Government.

imprisonment was im- |, posed on the skipper, and a fine |

tain that its. naval vessels do not ‘operate closer than three miles to the Iceland coast. -

SOVEREIGNTY

To do so would be to infringe most seriously Iceland’s sover- eignty. There is not the slightest reason to suppose that the Bri- tish patrols will do this. So far, in spite of trying conditions, they have behaved with complete cor- rectness. But, in addition to. strict legality, there is the need to avoid increasing the odium that Britain already incurs because she is thought to be wielding a big stick. (In fact, there is no other way of protedting our fishing rights, and to withdraw naval patrols would be to abandon al- most all future prospect of fish- ing within 12 miles of Iceland).

For the trawlers, too, it is im- portant that they should take great care not to fish nearer than four miles. If they go closer further incidents are inevitable— leading, perhaps, to. some less harmless. shooting.

New , National Geog

Aklavik, Canada’s largest set- tlement north of the Arctic Cir- cle, is reluctant to become a ghost town.

About five years ago, the Can- adian Government decided to build a new administrative cen- ter in the Mackenzie Delta re- gion, 35 miles east of Aklavik. The transfer was necessary be-

At the diplomatic leyel the Government must continue to

press for an interim arrangement pending the next United Nations conference on the law of the sea. It did offer a_ sensible plan through the North Atlantic Coun- cil five months ago.

NOT ACCEPTABLE *By this, Icelandic gun- boats would have kept within six miles of the coast while our war- ships would not go closer than 12 miles. Thus our trawlers would have kept within six miles of the coast while our warships would not go closer than 12 mil- es. Thus our trawlers would be unhindered up to six miles out. But this has not been acceptable to Iceland, even temporarily. An agreement has just been reached with the Danish Govern- ment on such lines: a six-mile limit will be observed for fishing off the Faroe Islands, and to help the Faroese, other areas will be closed at certain times of the year as far out as 12 miles. Com- mon sense suggests a similar set- tlement with Iceland; but the Ice- landic Government, unhappily, seems in no mood to listen.

Aklavik Taking Form |

ter the big move gets under way near the end of 1959. At present many Eskimos and indians plan to stay on near their fishing grounds. An April estimate put the population at 800, with ano- ther 600 expected during the us- ual summer influx... ~ Aklavik is not an old town. It

”

NO INDICATION

4. False. Color is no indication of the caloric content. When sug- ar is dissolved in water it forms a colorless liquid. Generally, car- bonated costain be-

beverages tween 80 ao 105 calories per cup.

5. True. Penicillin taken by mouth should be taken when the stomach is empty, at least balf an hour before a meal. The drug loses its effectiveness if it does not quickly reach the smail intes- tine where it can be absorbed.

6. Falso, Fruits and vegetables contain protein, but you ly don’t eat enough of to supply your full needs. You must = eat meat, eggs, cheese and milk. QUESTION AND ANSWER

Mrs. C.A.L.: Is a cataract pain- ful while developing, and does it cause headaches?

Answer: A developing cataract is usually painles and does not cause headaches if uncomplicat- ed.

Ss

ss

important trade, church-mission and educational center of the west Canadian Arctic. An occas- ional meeting place for the North- west Territories Council, it be- came a post of the Royal Can- adian Mounted Police and a sea- plane base. Stores, restaurants, churches, boarding schools, gov- ernment buildings, and hospitals sprang up.

North American defense sta- tions, especially those of the sweeping radar chain that forms the Dis‘znt Early Warning (DEW Line, now reach close to Akla- vik.

The egtroachment of civiliza- tion is fst changing the lives of the Meckenzie Delta Eskimos, who are’ considered the most highly developed of Canada’s northern aborigines. They have learned to trade their furs at Aklavik for imported dresses, canned goods, nylon stockings, phonographs, and radios.

MUSKRAT TRAPPING

Though muskrat trapping is part of the curriculum in Akla- vik schools, teachers have found that reading is the children’s fa- vorite subject. Most adults still hunt and trap, but with price fluc- tuations and the decrease in fur- bearing animals, many have turn- ed to wage-earning. Construction in Inuvik has given summer jobs to many Aklavik workers.

Summers at Aklavik are warm and pleasant. Willow thickets and forests of spruce, balsam, and poplar make the Mackenzie Valley seem less Arctic than treeless but no more northerly districts elsewhere. Cattle and reindeer are raised; grain and vegetables grow well. During the long winter months, however, temperatures may plunge 50 de- grees below zero. Fogs are fre- quent. :

In the late summer and fall of 1937, the famous Arctic ex- plorer, Sir Hubert Wilkins, used Aklavik as a base from which he flew out on vain attempts toe re- scue a Russian party lost after crossing the North Pole.

Returning from one : across the polar area, Hub- ert and his crew met fog so thick around Aklavik that they were forced to push on to higher, clearer country some 30 miles to the east. They came down fin-

ely on a lake near the present

Inuvik site.

SEAWAY TIEUP

PORT COLBORNE, Ont. t(CP) The pileup of ships in Lake Erie

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OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (June 2, 1934)

Rev. Benjamin Fream of Country Harbour, N.S., has been appointed by the Archbishop of Nova Scotia to the rectorship of Ken ‘1gton, P.E.1., in succession to Rev. G.T. Spriggs who is now rector at Sydney Mines. Rev. Hartle Davis of Vancouver, has been appointed to the rectorship

A roof fire at the house owned by Mr. W.J. Hennessey at the corner of Euston Street and Spring Park Road caused con- siderable damage yesterday af- ternoon. The fire, which origina- ted from the flue, caused dam- bage over approximately $2,000, and required strenuous efforts on the part of the firemen to ex- tinguish it.

TEN YEARS AGO (June 2, 1949)

Approximately sixty members of the P.E.I. Innkeepers Associa- tion were present at the Char- lottetown Hotel yesterday after- noon and evening to discuss their part in the tourist industry’ Mr. Thomas White acted as chair- man of the meeting. Among the matters discussed were sanita- tion, electric rates, and trans- portation.

/

Sixteen nurses received their diplomas and pins at the 26th graduation exercises of the Char- lottetown Hospital in an impres- sive ceremony before a large au- |

dience at Prince of Wales Col- lege Auditorium last night. The graduates were addressed by Lt. Col. Leo. F. MacDonald and Miss Noreen Noonan delivered the val- edictory.

The Age Old Story

My son, despise not thou “the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when ate rebuked of him: F ‘the Lerd loveth he

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