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___ _ ____ _______ _____________________________ ’ \ \ f - /~ -\ fl .~ ft . ,. ~ l. . .

THE KEEPING 0F BEES

HONEY lhl SPLENDID SUBSTITUTE FOR SUGAR.

1: ' should as nsmeunibered that

lnilnro to Provide Proper Care fnfwlnter and Spriui Ma! Result _lnlklmost Total Failure--A Very ' Pppltable Sideline on Any Farm,

_ .Bdekeeplug can be made s. prom. ableastde line on the farm. When

properly managed bees make a good sup lyof honey, which is a splendid substitute for sugar. While the es- sentials of beekeeping are simple and easily understood. it is highly im- portant that the keeper understand #helices and give them the cure they nqgdat thc proper i.lme. Too many begkeepers work by ruleof thumb, but the most- successful are students of bees who understand their needs in thu different seasons.

Success in beekeeping depends on

the beekeepers skill in two lines of effort. , First, he must see to it that every colony is strong in numbers at the beginning of the period when nectar is secreted. This is often not accomplished, for if the colony is weakened by poor care in winter the secretion of nectar may begin so early in the season that the bees have not time. without aid. to gain sum- clenily in strength. /in example is found in the white clover region, where nectar secretion usually be- gins about June 1. and most bee- keepers lose much of the white clover nectar from bad management. In alfalfa region many colonies fail to get nectar from the first crop for the same cause, even though this of- ten comes in July. lt is evident, therefore, that a. failure to provide proper care in winter and spring may result in almost total failure. This

The Honey In-a, worker; b. Queen; o, Drone (Enlarged).

one factor is responsible for heavy losses which should be guarded

against at this time.

In order to obtain strong colonies

in time for the honey now, the bee- keeper must see that every colony i.- sunlciently strong ln bees the prc- vlons fall to winter successfully. This can be done by lea/ving plenty of stores for the bees to feed ou, and space for breeding. The bees also re- quire protection from cold and wind during the winter. This applies also to the care of bees in spring. for at this time they should have abundant food and protection. The failure to take the proper care of bees in win- ter and spring is a source of the greatest loss now experienced by bee- keepers, and this applies to almost all parts of the country; Yet it is a simple matter to protect thebees from wind and cold. To do so will put more dollars in the farmers pockets and more bees in his hives.

A second, and in souls regions an

equally important, consideration is keeping the colonies from swarming. Where a. colony divides itself into two parts of swarming. neither part is able to gather as much surplus honey for the heekeeper as the original col- ony might have done. The old-time beekeopsr counted his success by thc number of swarms which issued. but the modern beekeeper realises that unrestricted swarming is one of thc greatest sources of loss. To prevent swarming entirely, or even to handle swarms so as to overcome this source of loss, is the most diidcult task con- fronting the beekeeper in some re- gions, while in others thc problem is almost absent. No infallible meth- od of swarm prevention has been known in spite of thc strenuous ef- fort to solve this mystery of the hive. However, practical methods of pre- vention and control have been evolv- ed. so that in profiting by the work of others a beekeeper can largely overcame this difficulty. Unless the bcekeeper realises the necessity of having colonies strong in time for the nectar and of keeping up this strength by every means at his com- mand, his beekeeplng endeavors will fall io yield thc greatest profit - a condition which is particularly unde- sirable at this time.

when Horses Were new.

"zany tlireeders nth this ctzillntzy :re

ms c v . or

horses. Mugherof tlilsoufegling is Without foundation. lf people would °nly think back 25 years they would remember that conditions were far verse than they are now. I well remember that I bought hundreds. res. thousands of -good commercial horses for from $85 to $00 a head.

:nl:‘llevsuTt\hen 1 could not naalkedauly

e. r .

h0rseyto~ds; l.tl“:1l:l1ic|l,gnf1:;lrl ;150‘to 3250. And the men who stayed in and railed a few good colts are the men who made the money.--Eli Sprunger in Dresden' Gasette.

ada-n¢_-is-a-of-I-"*°'*' Stallions In Manitoba.

lion. llan Wlnkler'a scheme for

nurnbsn by the Manitoba Govern- ment of stsllions. and the nle at cost to tlib farmers, under s Government suarsntee came in for a large Voluilie of criticism at the annual m°°.¢ lil Of the Manitoba Horse 9f¢0tl6rs' ` ssoclatiou. The breeders

mt. -.Q ?$'WtWdiliJ$ - ,,-_ ..__l__._`..‘..`. ..-

l \

r

I

l

l

1

1 l

PM" TRUUBLES- 1~nos‘l'r/\Bl.s‘. on Mesa* mmm. ‘ 9N0\\~ 15 A p\¢m,g_ 1

l~)ncournging Hgpm-|_

01 Weclal interest to members of

me 0"""l0 Végetable Growers’ Ag- 5°°\lll0Il who were not able to be

resent at the annual convention ° d ‘“ T°"-‘"l° f°°°ntly. and to all 5"°"°"B °f Vtlletables throughout the Province is the report of the vege- llble specialist, A. H McLennan B-_S-A~ Wllloll was delivered on that occasion. containing as it dogg an Bc- count in brief of results obtained

during 1918 in experiments in meth- fn” f; °°“"`°|"U8 Plant disease and

801- Deals. further information re- Sdrding which can be obtplned on application to the Department by Such as are desirous of taking ad- vantage of thc information secured Th” f°||°“'|DK extracts from Mr. Mc- Lcllun's report will give an ldap, ot

'the work accomplished under his

direction:

"The vegetable surve' h

finished this year but his nzlitt 3:3: fully tabulated as yet. Owing 9_0 M,-_ Reeves’ illness last fall this work was delayed, but was finally finished by Mr. Rush and myself. This work has shown that our growers do not make the use of vegetable experimental

work that they might.

"The ' 0555880 Ulasgot has been

very troublesome this year; many new sections reporting it, and lt will be DBVPBBHYY to work in these during 1919. Very satisfactory results were obtained this year in the control of °3bb9-E0 lllllggot with corrosive subli- mate: 1 ounce to 10 gallons of water. This remedy has been tried for the Da-st seven years and has proved sal- lsfactory. We can show many results where ouly 2 per cent. loss occurred: 322 cabbage in one patch were treat- nd at a cost of $1.75. Prof. Caesar. who has taken up the study of the llfc history of this pest as well as the onion and radlsh maggot, has obtained similar results. The our point that must be kept in mind ist t.he time of first application of thr spray. This should be the fourth o- ilfth day after setting and each week thereafter for three weeks. The egc stage ls the easiest to destroy this pest. Note when the eggs are laltl by looking around the plant stem for them. There is only one disadvan- tage to this remedy and that is its effect on the bacteria in the soil. Fox this reason we tried out u new rem- edy ihls year--a saturated salt solu- tion-and hope to get more deflnitc data next year. We often nnd grow- ers who desire to follow late cabbagr or early caulidower after the earl.\‘ crop. Often the carly crop has been badly affected with thc maggot. This year we found that we could save 90 per cent. of the latc crop even wherr the soil in which they were planted

was filled with eggs and larvae.

"We had been trying to find sonn

method to control Onion Blight, Bor- deaux Mlxture apparently has but little effect on it. Last year we tried using a top dressing of nitrate oi soda when the bulbs were formin: and results .lustify our trying it out

more completely this year.

"Black Heart in celery can bt

controlled by the use of ‘Black Lest 40' in the Bordeaux. Our work thit- year shows that this disease mal be caused by both the Tarnisbell Plant Bug and a black-green aphid. On a patch containing 352 dozen wr had a loss of Eve dozen due to Black Heart. afber careful successive spray' lng. Spraying started June 9, ended Aug. 9--nine times. 54 gallons Bor- deaux, 7% gallons. ‘Black Leaf 40_, cost $1.50, labor $5.40. t.oLal $1. Great pare, however, must be taken during blanchlng. as the conditiona' at that time are favorable for the spread of the disease. It is neces-

sary to prevent any sweating-

"That Celery Blight can be cured

by Bordeaux Mixture has been alu- ply demonstrated again this year. The addition of Distillate Paraffin Oil as a sticker was tried, but proved unsatisfactory because it burned thc foliage. Dusting with sulphur and lime dust was also tried and P10105 satisfactory. Next. Yell' WG H0116 if’ carry on this dusting on a large' scale. Work was carried on at Lon- don with Formalin treatment-1 pill' to 20 gallons water. This was dear on Mr. George BYCYDUS PM-°\1» “ii one application proved satisfactory. although some slight burning WI!" occasioned where too much liquid was applied or the spray coarse. This method is also worthy ef further lrlal, especially where tho disease has only obtained n slight hold on the patch. as it kills imtuediatell- lt should be followed with Bordeaux Mixture.

"Considerable success has been ob-

tained in thc province ln the control of Toronto Mildew in`Z1‘°¢il\\°“5° bl bu;-nlng uulplmr on a shovel. A tea- spoonful of sulphur iS Wl'B»DD0d 13 paper. then set tire to, and while d slowly burns a man carries it up “ll

down the alley in the house-

"sphldl on cabbage and pclatw

were completely controlled DY U" use of ‘Black heal 40'-1 Dllll- 10 40 gallons of water. One thorough alt- pllcation proved offeclulll-

"New Ontario potato seed was ob-

tained for some of our growers. lit ls expected that this seed will help ln mal-gaping our returns from thi; A, "':.°l::i°°;::';° :.':‘.‘r:'.:. o mosac a _ have been found in the il°0W€\"° ilelds. These diseases are carried ll

mgéillect December 1 much time hu; “gn spent in instructing returns* soldiers at the Convalescent Hosti- |_¢|_ Guelph. Many wounded men are turning to market gardening as a means of li-velihoodpand it is the duty of each one of us here to help them all we can to get started sslllt If they are started right th(ey will soon be ublc io luke care o them- selves." __

Have' Cow Fresher- In Full. lt is well to remember that it NYS

to have the cows freshenln the fall. Then there is more time to milk them and the milk brings a better price. Tllc calves that are born in the fall are ,-“dy to turn out to pasture in the spring, while calves born ln the s;u°lng used milk and grain when ' should be'out harvesting olielp

P53 ¢°r‘osn~;e_l1';e.~.1==.1\»ev~.»_\.~.»s-_ .

Onhrlo \’e bl E ~ _ __ . ,

5°” ° 'pmt “ink” DUUYWB ‘md M001* R“|"hi¥ M0 l-Even the Sririitists Know \"¢°ry Little

Recommended. I _\b,,\,t 1| _

General farnliug and live stock rais-

ing, with a limited amount of dairy-

ing and a. good crop rotation is, on th average, the typo most easily made profitable on farms in many parts of Canada. lt was found that specialized dairy farms paid better normally than dairy and grain farms, but on the average did not Day as well as the combination of dalrylng and hog raising. Dairying with hogs and grain usually yielded better labor income than any other combination. The outstanding ad- vantages of this type as compared with others are greater diversity of income, a large percentage of receipts from sale of live stock and live stock products, and a comparatively small percentage of the income from the aalc of crops, because for the most

Oattis and corn-A Good Combination In Profitable Farming.

part the crops are sold to better ad- vantage by feeding them to live stock. The types of farming and the gen- eral conditions which prevail make the size of u farm a -very important factor bearing on the income. There is also a direct relation between the amount of capital invested and the labor income ol’ the operator, Gen- erally speaking. lhe larger the farm and the greater the investment, the greater the percentage or rate of in- come.

The cropping system and the pro-

per distribution of crop area. lt was learned, were inlportant factors in profitable farm management. On the more prehtnblc farms studied in this territory. from 30 to 50 per cent. of the total crop at-co. was lu corn, an average of 10 pvr cf-nt. in oats, an average of 30 per cont. in Whertl., from l to 10 per cent. in barley, and from 20 to 30 per cent. in llay.

As a. result of the study‘it was

found that the following rotation is well adapted to conditions in this urea: First. year, corn; second year. f'orn:'tl1ird year, oats and harley; fourth year. wheat, and the fifth year, hay. Alfalfa is a valuable addi- tion to the average cropping system. __________.____.-_-

Record Year In English Herefords.

A new record in Hereford sales lu

England was made during the past. year. The February yearling bull Resolute, a sou of the $45,000 rc- cord-prico bull Ranger, was sold at $40,000 by Major Stewart Robinson of Lynhalcs. near Kingston, Here- fordshire. A three-year-old bull was sold from Herefordshire to go to the American farmstead of Col. E. H. Taylor, jun., at the sum cf $17,500, while a cow was bought to remain in En land at $3,600. A three-year-old holler realized $3,500. two two-year- old sellers $3,000 each, a bull calf changed hands at $1,750, and a belf- er calf at $2,900. Herds realized from $10,000 to $75,000 more than they would have fetched in pre-war days, and the late Viscount Rhond-

You know us much about snow as

anybody else on earth-which is to say nothing at ull. You know that it is white, that it is either granular»- composed of little round grains-or

flaky. If it is flaky you know that each flake ls lt six-pointed crystal for- mation; at least you ought to know it, for it is ai fact. But why it is white. why it is always six-pointed, why it was made to come ln winter instead of summer--nobody knows that, except that it is part of nn- ture's way. and therefore is the right

\\'a.\‘.

You dill go to the library and get

books that have been written about thc snow. You can see magnified plc- tures of it. You can read where the scientists tell you about how it is formed in thc clouds - and all ol that. -And when you have read every- thing that has been written about it and have seen all the pictures of the various kinds of snowflakes, and have spent hours with the scientists, you know what everyone knows and nothing more. You know that it is a wonderful arrangement of nature.

The snowflakes seem to form them-

selves out of the moisture of the clouds. At first there is ll. tiny for- mation, maybe no bigger than the point of a pin--but six-pointed. A number of these tiny six-pointed stars stuck together and make another six-pointed affair, and they ,lab into another of their kind and become a big snow- Bake and fall to the earth, and the whole thing is six-pointed. They are always forming high in the heavens, and starting toward the earth. But in the summer the air of the earth is so warm they melt and fall in rain drops; in the winter, when the air at the level of the earth is cool, they get all the way to earth, and instead

of having rain wc have snow.

Snow forms in tho clouds every-

where in the world. But in the tro- pics, where it is always warm at the surface of the earth, they do not reach the ground. But if there is u mountain in the tropics thc top of it -will be covered with snow, because away up there it is cool. It would snow at the Equator just as it does in thc Arctic regions if it were not warmer at the surface of the earth at- the Equator than it is in the Arctics.

In tllls-rliulate the snow serves at

useful purpose in that lt covers thc vegetation and protects it from tht- severe cold or winter. it doesn’t make any difference llow cold lt is, li' the vegetation is covered with

HIIUW.

So the must udvu-ntageous winters

we can have are those where the snow lies upon the ground. The snow forms si. blanket, and prevents the cold from destroying thc roots of the plants.

Now that winter is upon us, and

the snows are due. study the flakes. get out of doors and allow them to alight upon your sleeve. 'Take a mag- nifying glass and look at them. They are beauties - six-pointed beauties; no two alike, but all of them. six- polnted. When the big fellows fall you do not need a glusgl; you can study them with the naked eyc.

And when the-snow comes in dl-ills

and swirls about the face of the earth, and drifts into every nook and cranny, look at it. Behold not an enemy, but a friend. See how naturi- has woven a blanket for her littlr- chlldreu. Comprehend, if you can. the infinite patiencc that so devised lt that these little particles should fall silently until they formed it great sheet to cover thc region--u wavy, warpy garment of purity to shut out thc north wind, the biting tongue that would lap up the tender. growlng plants of the eartll. There is no more wonderful thing than thc

|la's dispersal at Llanwern near New- snow--and no more kindlier thing; 901'! in M0l\m0l‘U19hlY0 imlllillli' i-0-l nor anything more universal over thc taxed upwards ol $210,000 for 2043 face or the earth. pesplse not tn- animals. or an average of $l.0l2-~ snow, nor complain about it; let it Such figures Wore l\¢V0l` KDOWH bg-i kiss your cheek in affection. It is all fore. The value of the existing her s right.

ln the British lales has been increas- ~»--------

ed threefold. and may HOW bi! BBW .vfercliant Marine Honored.

mated at about $70,000,000.

Public recognition was conferred

upon members of the merchant ma-

liouses for Hired Men. rlne when presentations were made

If the farmers are loath to supply

suitable houses on their farms for the accommodation of the hired man and his family, possibly the Township Council or other municipal bodies might undertake the solution of the problem along the line of encourag- ing thc building of heuuell suitable to the purpose in groups. improved roads would facilitate transportation nf thc ulen to and from their work by means of vehicles provided for the purpose and maintained by a small charge lo the passengers. This would mean that thc farmers would have to pay higher wages in cush but the general arrangement would be _conducive to a feeling of greater in- dependence by the farmer and his hired man.

. Oat and Pen tillage.-~ l

Cattle-feeding experiment indicate

that oat and pea sllage can be sub- stituted for alfalfa hay at two pounds of sllagc to one pound of hay. During 113 days of the winter of 1915-16 growing helfers with eat and pea sil- age in the ration made an average daily gain per head of two pounds. costing 8.4 cents daily. Without sil- 'age they made an average daily gain of .06 pound on a ration costing 9.4 cents per day. Ten pounds of sllage more than replaces Me pounds of

alfalfa.

Siiskatclnewnn Agricultural Societies.

There are over one hundred and

twenty agricultural societies in Sas- katchewan, which conduct the agri- cultural exhibltions during the sum- mer and winter. and the seed grain fairs, poultry exhibitions, ploughlng matches. standing crop competitions and the boys’ and girls’ club work.

Combination Sale at Edmonton. A combination sale of breeding

stock is to be held at Edmonton. Those making entry of bulls will be permitted to~ enter lfemalbs to tits latent of one-half of the number

in Halifax recently by the civic cor- poration and the Board of Trade to Messrs. Hayes and Ferguson, cap- tain and engineer, respectively, of thc Whiiu Stal' liner Olympic, which for thc past, three years has been on- gagetl in overseas transport service between that port and Great Britain. The civic reception took place in the City 1-fall two days after the Olympic had landed 5,000 returning soldiers from all parts of Canada. Many prominent citizens were present. lu- cludlng thc Hon. G. H. Murray. Pre- mier of Nova Scotia. The city's gift was a solid silver solver, inscribed with the city arms. The presentation by the Board of Trade took the form of a loving cup, which was presented i by the Lieutenant-Governor. Mr. A. ‘l~‘crguson, the chief engineer, was also presented with a tea service and sllyer galver, whilst every other odi- ccl' and the members of the crew wore also presented by the people of

‘ Halifax with a parcel.

__,__,_.__..--

1 Vocational Guidance. l Prof. Oscar D. -Skelton, head of the department of economics in Queen’s University. Kingston, an-l one of the Canadian Goverument's advisers on economic questions, lu an addl-'ess on "Unemployment." stut- ed that, in regard to remedies, bet- ter technical training would make I men more adaptable. Vocation guid-

uncc was necessary lo permit boys and girls to choose their life work with their eyes open. The organiza- tion of thc labor market by a system of labor exchanges, such as had been established in Great. Britain, and were about to be established lu Can- ada, would be of much service. The policy of reserving government con- ‘, tracts for slack times, in order to 5 prevent extreme ductuaiions, was ‘ dimcult lo carry out in practice. though. fortunately. there were at present ln Canada many important and necessary- public works, which had been postponed on account of the yu, to keep the wheels of lndtlstry iurnlnl-, _._ __

APPLE ORCHARDB l.\'~l URED

Chess were Weskeued by sever

of Winter of 1917-18. The winter of 1917-18 will long

remembered by fruit growers in provinces of Ontario and Quebec one of the hardest on fruit tree any that has been experienced.

While each flees were killed b

i`RldA\l AND BUTTER TESTS

` FEBRUAR,Y_|5» |919 __ " ' _ _ _ _ . rsvp;-_ /'U 1, vtv l\'\\~\-i~-\w\\|'\- .\\ - l nn' - -. A

,__ -»-,-- --- s I- - _ _~ ~V_ _ W i Z - __ it _V H _ N ,_ __ _ _ j__' _ ‘ P

%m»>w'nMMn»mwmmmMHmmmwm4w+wv+ B Y to E “ _'k

/ _.__ _

- Guhsolhu

4':H*~f *`*l.*l\d'.§it»1'l'*?l"|'*l~4*'l9i

’ ""*""' - " "' "' "“ ` ' *" 'r' ’~'~"`- ~"‘~"‘-'-'-‘ ~~ -‘-`-‘-'-'- -' `-'- '-*ff-'-‘-‘-‘-' ‘---\---~ - - -- - --»--»--»-~ - -- -.--».,.,.,.~....~..-~»-»»-¢V_ . .

_ 1 . _ ' "_'_

ity vi-caucus or o.A_c. Dau - won nm

'Q .

Prize. I --- , ,_

bil lil 4-ons¢'de-ration of the fact that , -"'-' -

'I B llafy. was e wnnlng ex hibli in u class of entries similarly Ummm 0' FII'-H' In - *~

9-Ck treated at the Western Ontario Dairy-

U3 butter made in June last at the IT CAN BE CUBED RIGHT ON 'l`BE_ S of O.A.C. dairy and kept in cold storage F4311, ' '.

util J n ' th l - '

D _

1° “me exlenllll NIU-Kira peninsula. mr-n's Show at London, the following V MW" 1°’ °“ l““l'°l_!°v NI# _ »

it was among the apple trees and the colder districts where the gre est losses occurred.

were root killing, splitting of

al' l’rul’. H. H. Dean, with regard to b

in report made at the convention by .Seem to lhvo Panini

ul- rhey can ptrrnae rluagi`

The forms the winter injury took :mel;l§ppg:;;;.§,m§°hl,;‘:,l;dlgifsgldaamthe

the Special interest to buttermakera:

back at the base ofthe tree, some- --The addmon of 10 el. Cen,

times known as "collar rot,” b

splitting on the trunk, trunk killl

crotch injury and killing back of top. The fruit and leaf buds on

trees were often killed also. Whit* - _ at large number of trees died during quamy of bum" held in C

. ' 1

1918 tllere were many more w

l

Wen'-.im-0 this WiD!6l'|n i1V@I'Y Wellk- lcurized at at temperature of 1

ened Condition and may yet die.

ark . D ' c

1-be hence may be recommended for lo

B ture to pusteurized cream improv K. the flavor of butter when fresh a

of

ul

We trade. but it did not improve the

5"" "Butter made from cream p

BY 1108. 1".. and having no culture add

S

Themselves With Very DIIIIIHQVO Flavor. - - .`

Too many farmers buy o plrtor

_‘ig all of their supply of most from on local _stores and hucksters. last.

espermily pork, can be grown. and

curl-tl ut home for lllllch less thin-tho

old cost or the purchased meat, to say

a _ nothing ui' u ready market forjgood

country-cured hams, shoulders 'und

so Sides. ln spite of this the custom of

the time pruning is begun it should ,,,.,,,..,d mghen __m___ holdmg cm' \'nrmcts= purchasing cured meats is

be possible to tell any trees which ..t0,.ag£. ,mth ww healed Lu H0 1

are oin to die this winter or wh

E S

have additional dead wood on them, The 10,3 lmymg the acidity

and it will be possible to prune th

intelligently. There will he- many -em by ,he use of “mp hem

_ . _ _» ~. » ,, re hc

“B9” M “mich ‘“-l‘-‘\'5- h°“'°Vel;_ 'ng, produced butter with sligb

1311( wetler keeping quality as compar

vlth lots not ‘neulrallzed,' but these

where alulosl. all of the bark cambium were killed around base ol' large limbs and where

'ch log. no and iso deg. F.

6111 _ duced (neutralized) to .3 to .4 per

U1’ 1 ests need to be repeated.

Y ed

Trees "3 “red in this Wa H0191" arinls made with a butter cutter

J 3’

unsatisfactory as they may linger

years in it weakened condition ant l . _ _ of little value and eventually will ,wgfkxéiglll 'glliooigéqggrf

latter meet. in the head of the tree ~\t_.,,lam,,, in “Wghm or pound

break ‘|0Wl1 if they ‘I0 H0! ‘U0 Uf‘f°l'f :ut from four boxes only 27 wuelre

9

doing so. Tile' orchard :=l\euld

gone over carefully this winter a

fm were from 1 'lf to 18 32 of an ounce

bf exactly 16 ounces in weight, 1

examined for such injury. Whev 0.-9,, Weight-»

pruning the orchard. the dead bark Another matter of spatial [me

should be removed from th patches, and the wounds pain

and - kept painted with white lead | paint. li' much of the bark and ca D ms addresg to me western Dal bium in illc main crutches are dc

the future of the tree should be <-

65' to cream producers and butt

ts

7

IW were under weight and 136 were

led makers reported on bl' Prof. Dean

'"1' which he said:

ry-

Wgl' men was that of “Separator Testa" 11 \ conducted at Guelph, regarding

sidered as -very doubtful. If many -‘Milk having an avemée of 3.25

of the trees in the orchard are

wide enough at arl to permit of pla

af' `per cent. fat, when separated w

fected in this way and the trees are f .h d h- . d

e

p ,

ing a young trec half-way betw without too much shading from

""1 cent. fat. Milk with 3.93 Der ce

older trees, it would be well to plnn tl0ns_ produced cleam testing

to do this next spring. Good cr may be obtained from these ln]

uieantiluc, the young trees will

coming into bearing. 'Where land

available, however. the setting ol'

orchard elsmrhere is desirable. Otl trees ula.r be planted succcssfu

itll

L our an mac mes, ple uced cream “ °0l1U¢i'l\lI1g un average of 35.45 pci'

ui. di- an

0l""‘ average of 44.96 per cent. fat. These

U10 fat, separated under similar con

r .

_ V ed results indicate that the percentage

trees for some years, and, in thi* of fat in the milk separated has qu

bf* a marked effect on the percentage 'fi fat in the cream,

ite of

*U* "Increasing the speed of three

where trees were killed last winter. l above ,“,,~,“a\ mused an mnease alil\<>\\sh ll has been said lhatvoum: the percentage or rat in the cream trees will lint do well where an older nf ,,_bm,¢_ 0ne_ha1f of one Del. cem_

_ _ il" while u decrease of six revolutions

not. but it ls usually due to the fart Del. minute Caused a decrease

tree has been. Sometimes they

that thc older trees thai were l ovcrslludowoil them. Where il have sufficient light they should s reed.

tree has been, llll the hole with go

9-fl about one-hall' of one per rent. fat W? the cream. all other crlmlltions hcl ""` similar lu both cases.

‘mf d|S0-llfpc cream separators six revo- nl lutlons of the handle per minute

in

ul’ lu ug

I "With a 'suction-it-ed,” hollow-

When renlanting where unotllcl' howl Sem,-aw,-_ me W,-y ommsm,

of

"" the foregoing results were obtained

surface sell from midway between | __the higher the speed the lower UM. the rows rather than use the sumo l percentage ng my in the C,-Gam; ,L

soil as. was thrown our.. A rapid w

of removing old dead trees is by tho the test of the Cream for fat _

use of dynamite,

Il/'ullue of Clover.

Good crops of clover are a logic

necessity on the stock farm in Eas ern Canada :mtl successful farm ma agement v/hcl-c llvc stock raising not the end anti uint of the fa

practice, depends to an even gres extent on the inclusion of some va ietr of thc cle-vcr family in the farm

live gallons of milk produced are

,.,. . cent. fat, an incl ease of 1.76 in i

nd

ll." the lower the speed the higher was

l "Using two quarts of warm water ‘to flush the bowl after separating

m

' . a

al ‘ testing an average of 32.55 per cent. ,_ fat. Under similar conditions the “_ cream, after separating ten gallons _._ of milk and using two quarts of wa- rm ter to flush the bowl, tested 34.31 per _ .

llc.

_._ i test.

"Using two quarts of skim milk

rotation In thc case of the fr

. . . \

farm or truck farm, clover provid the most valuable green manure cr and the variety of legume that w

succeed in the uvera e vear and yiel

E .

the greatest :tulount of material f ploughlng under, is the best uuit for manuriul or cover crop purposes

The old-fashioned, well-known var

ieties of clover, namely, common rel

ndnlslk, l-vllcbests itedtothr _ _ _ a 0 a ‘ I u ' \1\v Slwwlsll “M11” Amana Ammals- mined t-to-.~ and intelligent feeding

i l luspector W. Graham Glllam, who will llrrrdllcc inet! of doiiflble llllll- - is the Dominion Government veter- ity. 'l`ll<- smooth, even and deeply

a fleshed hogs will yield the nicely s marbled meat. g The meat from very young hogs

animals at this season The disease lacks flavor and ls watery. Old moat

- _ is possibly a little more virulent than is generally very tough. The meat.-of 1 usual, he says, but the disease in old hogs can be improved, however.if

e- they are properly fattened before

Red clover is the more generally uset

demands of the average stock farmer

and is ainin in popularity in com

S E

parlsen with ulsike largely because iuary surgeon for Northern Albert

tu and Northern British Columbia, say

‘sow the latter alone in short rotu- influenza is always DYGBGM 41111011

n .

it is becoming common practice

tions. Where the four-year rotatio is practiced. however, or if the mea dow is to be left down for more thal two years. alslke should lm includel

in the seed mixture, if only for the semblance to human Spanish influ

in enza.

“There have also been exaggerated the most predtable age at which to

- reports that this disease is affecting slaughter is eight to twelve months.

good results it is responsible for

the curing of the hay.

For a really satisfactory hay mix

ture nothing has yet been found

in the proportlouof a third each thc two clovers and u half of tim

ed 1 volume of flushing material used u

to, big game," said Inspector Glllam

excel the mixture of alsike and red who has been out on a tour of inspec- clover with timothy. This mixture. tion, particularly through the Rock,

of Mountain district west of Jasper. As . - atnatter of fact.ouly two dead moosf- will drink. This will help in $1883'

M , for flushing the bowl after separating

ggi increasing- ll may not be practic-

‘ “NC f°\` f=Ve\‘v farmer to butcher and

cure his own meat. but in nearly

re' P-vers' community a few farmers

could do this and make ood rout!

' U .-

at Farmers \vho sell country?-oured

meats have experienced very little difficulty in establishing a. permanent trade. To accomplish this one must understand the kind of cured meat his trade demands, and also how ii is made. Country-cured meat often carries too much fat and undesirabli-

““ odors. and it is generally too salty.

A well-marbled, lulcy, savory pigs.- ol’ meat showing the proper admb ture of fat and lean and possessln.-_I a good flavor in the kind the con sumer desires.

riff ln selecting hogs for butchering

health should have first considera-

tion. Even though the hog has been _____________._.._._.___-------

Convenlent Arrangement for Bosldlng.

propt=rly fed and carries a prime Bn- ish. the best quality of meat cannot he obtained if the animal ls un- hcullhy; there ls always some danger that disease may be transmitted to the person who eats the meat. The keeping quality of the meat is always impaired by fever or other derange- ments.

9,, five gallons of milk, the cream tested A hog ln medlum U-,ndm°n_ nga-

0,, an average of 36.17 per cent. fa

ll

ln;-, rapidly in weight, yields the best

ill and f0l` le” g““°“S S°l‘“\'i1¢‘3d- U1” quality of meat. Do not 'kill a hog

.1 cream tested 38.63, a difference 0,. _ 3.4 per cent. fat in the tests. 'l`l

_ fects the tests of cream considerably _ where varying weights of milk ur 1 scparaterl from time to time."

l question bears not the slightest r

IB

Of that is losing flesh. A reasonable

nmount of fat gives julciness and

f~ flavor to the meet, but large amounts

of fat are not essential.

“ The breedin of animals plays an

S

important part in producing a carcass of high quality. Selection, long con-

slaughter. Hogs can be killed for meat any time after eight. weeksrbuf

Hogs intended for slaughter

should remain bnfed for at least 24

v hours or better, 30 hours. Give

mem 'sn me clean. fmt. water they

othy will not only yield a heavy crop were found, which ho was unable to the system of food and will facilltatt of good quality mixed hay in the first see, but judging from the accounts bleeding. Do not excite or wblg o year after the grain crop with which given him death was probably due to hog before killing. An excited _os the grass seed should be sown, bu1` ordinary disease conditions from never makes a good carcass. lnli the inclusion of the clovers in thc ~ which wild animals in the ordinary whipping causes bruised hams, vlhlhh mixture in a reasonable guarantee of course of nature dit' from time to are not fit to cure. An ihj red»h_h-,:

e strong timothy crop in the second _ time.

year Clover, having the power

to

absorb nitrogen from thc insxhaust-.' Barley In Hog Feed.

ible Sllpltll' in U10 HW- U01 01”? 5U¥"\ Although harley should not con

piles that element to the soil, but ammo th., whole gallon ln l\0gB_

vides a ver considerable amount ma ,ogtabb form U large pa,-1 of straight sticking knife, a eutallij.

nl-o y - y is ' or the protein so much desired in the muon at least in the snlsnlu

may be used for food provided lt' ic bled immed-lately. __

lt is essential te have the propel

. equlpment for rapid andlkillfu woiég li nt killing time. An eigltbhl

(_, imlfe. 2 14-inch steel. a hog boo ,~a

balancing the feed 11111011- as afewll- period. 'ro obtain the seat results bell-sh=~v-\l stick scraper.-1 slmlrrgl

---*-°"'°-' . the barley should bc ground. Where llld H N00* BUG “"0 "|55 055 .

One of the Oldest of Flowers.

skim milk is available a good rutiu

n each or these tools may be access#

. I 5 is: Five hundred pounds skim milk. ...”.‘.:f...‘;f“":. 1'. ':‘.1.;l:°.lr..°:;..: -0 abnundetl in Palestine, and that the Wheat few “lid "'"° V°““d“ "H107- Jows possessed great knawlgggg gf Another ration is: Five hundred their culture and sem diem ln lugn vtwnds barley. 250 v°_"°d= "lg-*ii esteem. The Egyptians grew 1-ogg; feed and 100 pounds oi meal. .til on the bank of me Nile. and as early a third union ur Elsht hundred ns the days of Homer the Greeks ll°\ll\<1S \>9~l`l€Y~ ‘U0 P01134! Wheat had them in abundance. Th6Rom»\ns few- 75 U0""d*‘ "H "Wal *nd 50