PAGE FOUR THE GUARDIAN

far. and no farther! At least for the'pre- sent.

Authorised II Second (lieu ofeli Poet Office Department, Ottawa. he Inland Guardian Publishing CCL

President end Associate Editor. Ian A Burnett, Auoclnte Editor. Frank Walker.

"Here is a chance at stabilization in a great basic industry. If this condition of equilibrium can be maintained we have a chance to stabilize more of our economy, providing the balance is not jarred by in-

omcuunon "Covers rt-um Iwwuu mud like the dew"

f'The Strongest Memory is Weaker "me the Weakest Ink".

unuu.o'r'rarow"n. mmar; no'v. 7, 1952

Farm Labour Decline -

Canadians have been aware of the de- clining numbers of farm labour and the increase" of other sections of the popula- tion. The Bureau of Statistics now reveals that manufacturing and mechanical work- ers have replaced farm workers as the largest labour group in this country. A breakdown of census figures shows farm labour down almost 300,000 in ten years to 830,441 while the manufacturing and mechanical group went up almost 100,000 in the same period to 841,368.

The industrialization of Canada had started the swing a good many years ago and the mechanization of farming oper- ations has given further impetus to the trend. While a smaller number of work- ers can make use of a given area of land there has been no large scale move in the last few years to increase the amount of land under cultivation.

While economic forces were behind the changing occupational character of labour it cannot be ignored that deliberate choice played an important part also. It is so frequently repeated a story as to be bor-

'ing how youths born and borught up on the farm make their homes in the towns and cities. No longer do they! do so with the intention of making their fortune- In all probability they would be just as likely to become wealthy remaining on the land. They go very largely because of the ob- vious attractions of urban life which are all too slowly being extended to those who live in the country.

' With their decline in numbers, farm workers take on a, scarcity value. It may well be that with declining numbers they will individually attain a standard of liv- ing which will compare favorably with that of any group in this Dominion.

Gibraltar Apes

Mr. Winston Churchill must be pleased! that Gibraltar is over-strength in its curious tailless apes and has been able to present two of them to the United States. They have.taken up residence in the Washing- ton Zoo. It may well be,. as a National Geographic bulletin points out, the only time in history that England has permit- ted a member of the Rock's simian gar- rison to leave.

There is a tradition that British rule will last in Gibraltar as long as the apes remain. Mr- Churchill took the tradition sufficiently seriously to. take steps in the midst of the war to keep the ape pop- ulation of Gibraltar and to enquire from time to time how their numbers were be- ing maintained. 4

These apes, the last uncaged ones in Europe, are not really apes but powerful tailless monkeys - macaques - and are carried by individual names on official mil- itary rosters and given regular rations by Her Majesty's Government. They wander freely but live mainly in three colonies far up the rocky 1,350 foot heights.

It may seem a trivial matter for a statesman to concern himself about the well being of a lot of apes but politics and state- craft: involve a great many surprising con- siderations. Great Britain's position in the world depends more upon intangibles than upon force or wealth. Perhaps looking af- ter.thc apes was of some importance in keeping the fortress of Gibraltar British.

Holding Tito line i .1...

Commenting on the refusal of the

- ternational events beyond our control. This, at any rate, is a good starting point. iWe have gained a small toehold against infla- tion- If everyone in Canada would, even for six months, resist the upward pressure, we might be surprised at the cost of liv- ing index. We know by now that we haven't gained much in the race between prices and wages. Prices always manage to keep ahead. Perhaps if we devote as much effort to holding the price-wage line we may find that we are ahead of the game."

This is a point well taken, but we in the Maritime Provinces cannot agree that the present rates are "equitable." They will never be equitable so long as there is gross inequality in their application. The big Central Provinces have escaped the impos- ition of horizontal rate increases which, in the words of the Tourgeon Royal Commis- sion on Transportation, "have aggravated the disadvantage already suffered by long haul shippers and consignees.” The Com- mission warned the railways that if they

ject, the Board of Transport Commission- ers should step in "to see that they do."

EDITORIAL NUIES

' After the success which came to this Province at the Maritime Winter Fair there are high hopes for the Island Yprl-:- shire swine and Jersey cattle bound for the Royal Winter Fair. i

did not give special attention to this sub-

- Tl-IE GUARDIAN. Cl-IARLOTTETOWN

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discussion by correspondents

Highways are highways and residential streets are residential streets. Those in- terested in town planning try to keep them distinct because one use inevitably conflicts with the other. Traffic is slowed and res- idents are imperilled-. i O 0 0

The South Shore Musical Festival open- ing today at Summerside will be far larger than in previous years but at the same time more attractive to the public. Most large groups of contestants will be reduced to six outstanding representatives before final competition on the stage,

C O O

For the enquiry into the water supply of Parkdale to serve its purpose facts must be available for the commission. Both Charlottetown and Parkdale should make a study of the problem so that ithe com- mission will have something concrete to work on. O O I School accommodation in Charlottetown is stretched beyond maximum emergency capacity and further increases in enroll- ment are in sight for the next six years. The report quoted to the City Council by the School Board indicates that the situa- tion has been permitted to go from bad to worse until today it amounts to an emerg- ency. O O U "Sterling area" and "Dollar area" are useful terms for designating groups of countries but they can also be misleading as concealing the fact that every country must trade with all the world in order to be prosperous. To disregard the so-called Sterling area would be to turn our back on a very high proportion of the trading area of the world. . 0 I O The Ministerial Association has called attention to the inconvenience. occasioned by Sunday funerals, especially in rural areas where one Minister may have sev- eral charges and several church services to conduct on Sunday. It is recognized that on some occasions Sunday funerals are un- avoidable, but hope is expressed that wher- ever possible the public will co-operate by choosing, instead, a convenient week-day. It 0 O . '. v

Russia's objection to the U.N. naval blockade of Korean waters" recalls a curious

Board of Transport Commissioners to grant the railways' application for a gen- eral frelght rates increase, the Vancouver Province says that this could well be the turning point in the fight against inflation.

It adds: "For reasons beyond their control, the railways have been a barometer of con- sumer costs in Canada. A rail haul is in- volved in nearly everything we Canadians use and everytlme freight rates went up cost of a great many consumer goods went -up with them. As the cost of living rose the thousands of rail workers across Can- ada demanded, and received, wage in- creases. Such increases supported the rail- ;..y.v application for higher freight rates to oover mounting operation costs. The ' bogus to resemble a merry-gm v itpeifctqbomer paying more on me he rs-omoon-Boom has i” 16 ” ' theareifweys their ' A Jdeffcct, 'thus

w p

for half timber, proiectlnl zablmmuslve chimneys and hanging tiles. He planned New Scotland Yard.

aspect of international law. The legality of a belligerent's declared blockade de- pends upon its being made effective." The illegality of German submarine "blockades" in the two world wars was that the sub- marines could not stop the traffic but could only cause a certain amount of destruction while trying to do so-

Rlchard Norman Shaw, British archi- tect, died this date 1912. Born and ed-, ucated in Edinburgh, he studied architec- ture at the Royal Academy Schools winning a. gold medal and travelling fellowship. He published "Architectural Sketches from the continent", in series of drawings of ancient buildings and later became joint editor of "Architecture". Shaw strongly influenced modem design with his artistic fondness

of questions of Interest. The (iuanllan does not necessar- ily endorse the opinion of oorreepondentu.

TEACHING OF LANGUAGES Sir,-May I say that I agree wholly with the remarks contained in Dr. J. H. Blanchard's letter in The Guardian of Oct. 25th.

Ourufamlly moved several years ago from Charlottetown to the predominantly French-s p e a k l n g City of Quebec. My sister and I had a knowledge of French as taught in school and P. W. C. To converse in it was. of course, be- yond us. Naturally this was a distinct handicap in a city such as this so we enrolled in various conversational courses including those sponsored by the provlnclal Government here. Every professor was agreed that we had been well grounded in the irregular verbs and the grammatical end of the langu- age. If we had had a little can- versation in it from the primary grades. our car would have been ac- customed to the language gradually and as a result. we would have avoided the long slow grind, in- volving all the known and unknown types of headache from making ourselves think in French and of trying to understand what was said to us.

Where I am employed, one of my duties is to interview applicants for positions in the stenographlc and accounting departments. Amongst those applying. there is I. goodly percentage from Europe. These. practically without exception. have from three to five languages which they learned from their early school days. Surely we, in Canada, should be able to speak the two official languages of our country. It eW0lllf.l not take more than one bilingual teacher per school and where this could not be arranged. phonograph records have proved an excellent means of learning a language, 1 know. that a great many of the schools in the city of Quebec, if not all, teach the two languages from Grade 1. We talk about "bonne entente" between the French and English speaking people; of Can- nda but until a majority of each 0' W958 5Deak.l1nd understand the others elanzuage. it will remain just. wishful thinking.

I am, sir, etc. MARY CALLAHAN Slllcry (Quebec) P.Q.

0744 .&T? t?oe&s'&um

IN PRAISE OF COTVS

Praise be to cows. Praise their dark eyes, Their slow-swelling volcee Implorlng the skies.

Praise their belied throat; , , Their shoulder-3' rough silk. Their calm flanks, their gift

Of buttercup milk. i

Praise to their peaceful t Rump: ambllng and warm

All tumlng fringed tells

To the hill-sweep of norm ,

Praise be to com,

Praise their long genlle facet intently consuming

Em-th'e flowery pieces.

Giving man strength

To rejoice in his worn. with meadows of clover. with brooks full of Alert.

-W".?.:lt l:.:.':.:..”" M

nu Au-liliiastory x,' ” . 'A Herein in my glorified;

that my beer. noel: fruit; on ebel n be my dlielvlee 4 , l

' Lake married quarters and the re-

. tied quarters, has seen the

H" .;13oflhtijWlllbg!

Paid onililli.

Unlikely Developments

, the wrath of the sea. Before long

J

NOVEMBER 7; 195,2

l

Archimedes took e beth in the third century 30 end he has been famous for to ever since. sitting in his bath, which unlike the modern steel tub who made of marble, Archimedes noted how the water partially supported him. and con- ceived in a flash his famous low of buoyancy. Dramatically the story relates that in his excite- ment: the scientist leaped from the water, and forgetting to don his clothes, ran through the streets shouting izurckel Eureka! 1 have found it."

Bathing, and the fecllltlea for bathing, have, indeed, a long end ancient. history. Ancient mytho- logy refers often to the bath and ascribes to it healing properties. Certainly, Neptune, God of the Sea, established a. record as e bather, since he lived under the ocean, and Boi.tlcelll'e well-known picture of Venus rising from the waves would indicate that she was the world's first bathing beauty. Records show that primitive-man in almost. every corner of the globe bathed both for cleanliness and pleasure. In addition, the Bible mentions bathing pools fre- quently, and names particularly the pool at. Jerusalem with five porches.

Rivera and lakes were undoubt-- cclly the first bathing places, since mere mortals seem to have feared

the advantages of an indoor bath must have been recognized, for fragments have been found of crude tube fashioned from wood.

Egyptians And Creeks. Had Tiled Bathtubs

(Both: 0. Setferlngton In C11. Oval)

the order in 1725.

Queen Eliubeth I (eve nef- Royal sanction to bet , ma was said to "bathe once I. month whether she needed it or not". Mary, queen of Scots, had to cross the street from Holy:-ood palace to reach her bath house, where am: liked to bathe in wine. Not. only royalty, but the church began to approve of the revival of bathing. The phrue "Cleanliness is next. to Godllneu" was often heard. .

0 C 0

The coming of the portable tin tub was 0. foretute of the im- portant role that metals. and pu- tlcularly iron and steel, would play in the bathroom. These portable tubs became popular in England and the travelling l!:ng1lohmancu- rled his tub and bathing habit to all parts of the world. Those who scorned at first soon fell into the tub habit.

France, too, began to look with favor on the new vogue for clean- liness. In Paris it become 1 com- mon eight to see water sellers car- rying portable tubs and hot water into houses. where they waited until the bath was finished. Then the tub was carried out and emp- tied into the street. -

France is also credited with the invention of the slipper Both in the lath century. Mode of sheet copper in the form of I. lady's shoe, the high sides odutly con- cealed the bather. Water wu poured into it and heated by char- coal fire in the heel. T era was of

clay or stone. 0

Q l.N0tes By

The United States National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis reports it. will start line use of gamma globulin next year, tak- ing for the -first time, steps to pre- Vent spread of the disease as well as assist those already afflicted. The blood plasma fraction has been proved to give "marked protection” atlalnst polio for, at least five weeks and millions of parents feel a new hope that a major fear will be removed. - Ottawa Jour- nal.

Success of democratic institu- tions is dependent very largely "D011 entry 0! 800d men into pub- lic affairs, whether of a municl. pal, provincial or Federal level. The more lively the campaign, the better administration is likely to result. it is not. good to have elec- tive offices go by default. It. in- dicates a lack of civic conscious- ness among lhe people, and give those who obtain office in this way a false feeling of security. If elected representatives know they will have to-fight their way back into office, they will seek to so

dropped to 53,030,0i)fl' pounds for the first nine months of this year, compared with 10,0:-o.oco pounds during the same period last year. Loss of overseas markets is re- sponsible. In reporting the fig- ures, a Bureau of statistics offl- cial observed that production this year will be just enough to satisfy the domcsti demand. There may be a tip in t is for the cheese pro- ducers. If they want to raise do- mestic consumption, they should fail to make enough for Canadian users. Nothing makes people want more cheese, or more of anything else, than a scarcity of the arti- cle. -Fort William Timcs-Jour- nal.

Mark Twain once met. Cltanncey Depew while the formers "Joan of Arc" was being published serial- ly. "Have you seen that anony- mous novel "Joan of Arc' in Bar- per'a?” asked Twain. "Yes, indeed," said Depew, "I read it every month." "well, what do you think or it?" asked the author, trying hard to appear casual. "That's hardly a fair question to ask me," replied Depew, who, unknown to Mark, had learned-the author-'s identity. "Why?" was Twain's sur- prised question. "You see,” ans- wered Depew in the manner of one confessing a most humiliating secret. "I wrote the thing and I'm trying to keep it quiet." - Chris- tian " ' Monitor.

Albro Luke Radio Station, re- ported in the August. Crowsneet as being a competitor for the rec- ord per cnplta birth rate in Can- ada is I pike, according to Alder- grove Radio station, Albro's op- posite number on the west. coast. Halfway through 1952, there had been six births among the G0 families residing in the Albro

port: said another four were ex- period before the end, of the year. Alrlergrove. with 19-dwelling mer- cigars passed Around. seven tima this year. and is fully expecting the figure to be raised to 12 - and maybe 13-before 1933 roll: nround. -Vrhe" croweneet. - The fight against oencer, In' which: many rbrllllant edvehces have bQln'madd.illlso has its weak- neeeu. A leading authority has revealed that e. severe elioi-use of competent ndlologleta is hamper-, ing good treatment of thq dread ailment in this ioountry. There he aoeroely looeoch specialist: who concentrate oxclotwejy, on ( radio- thmw.-one of. -the two molar vhepolle-thettceb deal with cen- oet. whoeeimelor interest to in thl V lId,l,eye.':.'rlIet lo I pit-.

who” mllhl be

bathroom, but th Greeks at least

The housewife of 1962 may point with pride to her modern tiled

had tiled bathrooms with water

spigot in the toe for draining. and r ' wheels enabled it to be moved readily from room to room. Later the Sofa. Bath, a. metal tub in which the bother reclined, was widely used in both France and England. It was enclosed in cone or wood to make it an ornamental

e Egyptian: and 3,000 years ago

conduct themselves as to merit. another mandate. - Windsor Star. i

Canadian cheese production

1 eolntkquofe conekle-in; the who

The Way I.

'-I

radiologists are needed to carry on the work. he contends. This is a challenge to the medical pro- fesslon that cannot be taken lightly. -Boston Post.

At one time, interest in cooking and baking by the man of the house was unusual. A male ama- teur was considered juat is little queer. In recent years, however, the number of husbands and bachelors who have adopted cook- ing as a hobby is legion. In any given gathering of men let the subject of cooking come up and two or more of the crowd will soon get into a huddle to discuss recipes and methods. some gma. teur male cooks are bashful. Others are boastful. But most of them have one thing in common-they harbour a foolish delusion that given the opportunity they can do a better job in the hitchen than the women folk. This erroneous at- titude. of course, stems from the age-old feeling of superiority over women that males have held since the days of cavemen. - Fort wil- llam Times-Journal. -

Old Charlottetown ulna r. z. x. -

EDUCATIONAL CHECKUP

From a circular letter forwarded to every district school teacher in the Island. sept.. 24. am. by John MacNeil1. Esq.. District School Visitor:

"With a view accurately to de- termine the comparative efficacy of. the District schools, and rel. ative proficiency and general me;-. its of the pupils attending them, and to give the greatest. possible impulse to the cause of elementary education by promoting the great. est degree of emulation, I beg to i")"0lmC9 to you my intention to divide all the School Districts of the Island into Circles or Depart- ments. to comprise each a number not fewer than four of the schools most contiguous to each other. That at the next and every future visitation. I shall draft from every circle a number of scholars, not to exceed ten, for each school, ouch select number to be assembled at 9. centraletntlon, and there un- derso a public examination.

"That a limited number of the successful competitors, of the best scholars of the Circle, shall again compete with the chosen of the adjoining Circles, and thus bring all the youthful minds of the Colony into emulous collision and laudable rivalry, which, it in 10 be 1109126. may be productive of

ions will, in general, comprise the following branches all of which you will, henceforth, include in your course of instruction, so far as circumstances will permit, vlz.: Retldlnlr. orthography, Arithmetic, Writing. Grammar. Geography, the outlines of Practical Meth- ematlcs, Analysis of the English Language. The Readlns wm com- prehend lessona upon the Induct- ion and Elliptical Methods X

"Al. the central Generef Exem- lnatlon, each teacher will be al- lowed.- for a limited tlme,ii.o con- duct. the Examination, and it is expected that he will be prepared to exhibit my peculiarity of meth- od of instruction. either original or acquired. in the practice of which he mey have been more than commonly succeuful.

"The names of the meet. deser-

t e newspapers, and -you will peeee invite to the exemlnetlon. the clergy, Megletreoee. trustee: of the school, and the public gen- enlly, in your vlolnlty; end we wish you to provide e Black- oerrl eo that in exercise: there- on, this ekunlnet on my be con- ducted in be conolee end Intern- me e mode on poolble. I purpose also to lecture in your dletrlct on my on ,Preotloe of '!fmhmt.' to form 1'-noun to the leoiureineehtly delivered there on

number of pigeon and lo) firm we

p .. Hounipetam firldi Mon "treatments. ilttgltzleiel-' - if.

the eobjeot of ldllcltloh."

x

plped into their houses. Indeed, i piece of furniture.

beneficial results. The exemlnet-.

vlng pupils will be publlehed, in.

archeologlcal excavations p r o v e that omaoe bathtubs were used by the Babylonian kings more than 5,000 years ago.

The Romans, however, eclipsed all the other countries in building bigger and better bathtubs. Not only did they install baths in the royal palace: and homes of the wealthy, they built public baths throughout their Empire. Huge aqueducts carried water from the mountains to supplic them and, where hot. springs curred, they were utilized. The city of Both in England derives its name from the great public bath built by the Romans at its natural springs. The term plumbing comes from the Latin word tplumbum" meaning lead, the material the Romans used for piping.

The most famous of the Roman baths was that built by the Elm- peror Dlocletian. It occupied an area about a mile square, and had more than 3,000 seats for bathera This stupendous project contained also a swimming pool, gymnasium. picture gallery and theatre. Like many Roman baths, it was built mostly of marble and "mosaic, and lavishly decorated with beaten gold.

I 0 0

, The 1,000 years following Rome'- decline, known as the Dark Ages, were grimy as well as dark and bathing went into decline. Francis I of France, for example, reflected the attitude of most. of his aub- jocta when he boasted that he never washed. But eastern coun- tries never entirely gave up the practice of bathing elnce tradition decreed that. Oriental hospitality to guests included a bath, or at least the washing of hands and feet. The Crusaders copied this refreshmgi habit from their enem- ies and brought it. back again to England and Western Europe.

It is reported thett. Henry IV of England instituted the Order of the Both in 1939 because his nobles appeared before him sweat-stained and bloody after battle. Whether this is true or not, the both before receiving knighthood was set in

Napoleon felt, that the large tub: in vogue in his period called attention to his small stature, so had 3 email tub built for himself at Fontalnebleau. His sister Paul- ine had her tub lined with mir- rors, although other ladies of her day were so modest they put. chalk. in the water to make it. opaque.

O O 0

Early Canadian records modestly omit mention of the bath. but. there was no lack of rivers and lakes for bathing faculties. some tribes of Indians, however. used e method similar to the Finns in oeremonlals, pouring water over heated. stones and bathing in the steam. In time true bathtubs be- gun to appear in cargoee from Europe.

Bathing quickly increased in popularity both in Canada and the United States. Once e week, how- ever. was considered plenty by most people, and the seturdey night. tub, usually the wash tub in the kitchen, became e family in- stitution. with the children lining up for turns.

with the dlsappeuence of the pump and the installation of run- ning water, bathing came into its own again. The demand grew un- til now most homes have both- rooms that would have seemed in- credible e century ago.

Looking back over the centuries. then, it is quite clear that there in much more to taking e bath than merely turning on the water and slipping into the tub. soothed by the regulated warmth of the wet- er which has been carried to the bathroom in steel plumbing from en electrically heated steel tank, we can loll in the privacy of our modern all-steel, porcelain covered both end muse over the hardships of our ancestors and the ingenu- ity of our forefathers. I

BARNSTAPLE. Englnnd- (0?) --when a no main blew up in the main street of this Devoxnhire town, fire officer J. P. Hayward ran into e bakery. borrowed some dough and plugged up the broken

the ritual when George I revived

PROFESSIONAL

CARDS '

Palmer 8: Hosium A. J. IIASLAM. B.A.. LLB. Barrister. Etc. Bank of Nova Beetle Chembere

Charlottetown, P. E. L aMONEY T0 LOAN

. Frederic A. Large. 9.6. Ben-Inter. solicitor. Notary loyel Bank of Canada Building Charlottetown. P. E. l. r Louie on City end Farm Propertlee

Chas. R. McOIiuid ' BA

nAnms'ran.' soucrron.

W. J. P. MucMillun.

M.D. H. A. MucMiIlon MD; 205 Kent Street - Phone 520

Office Hours: 4- 1:30 - 4:00 - 6:30 - 8:30 and by appointment.

MecPhee & Trainer

Corner Kent end Queen Ste. Office Phone 1056-I-louee 10!!

Byron J. Grant. 0.0.

OPTOMITIIIT no Kent Street Phone I'll (Opposite Revere Hotel)

Dr. A. I.. Moelseaei

DENTIST Dental K-Bey GLOIIA BUILDING I'll Grafton It. Phone Ii

OBAITEID

. Phenol I00 - IANDOLPII W. MANNING.-GA.

MeDONAi.D. OIIAITIIID

Sfentreel. Que

lflrklene lake. Iloneton Currie Bldg. Charlottetow-

H. it. come 5 COMPANY

other elfleee et llellfex-.l Ifoneten. It Jehnte. eaumm. Liverpool. New Ginger and hero. 1

NOTARY. lite. gnu", Tfu'. guppy"; H. F. MNPHEE. B.A., Q.C. OHARLOTTETOWN E. SOMEBLED TBAINOR. B.A. K Phone 1711 Ben-leten. lite. J 5 Ta or ,;,,,,;m,l,',',, Dr. w. it. Carson liyee Examined. Gieeeee Fitted cnmopgcmn

Palmer OI-edoete OIIAILOPITETO

one 1012 Mlulrunu 8'- J. A. Carrufllers. E0- . ormomnfn no lent so-on Phone am

(Next to almpeetre Agency)

Allison M. Gillie. l.I..I.

eenerm-me. souorroe. em in Ilebmond so. -. onnocuoown Phone D0

AOOOUNTLNTI ' .-

in oral demo at. clurloctetowe

nu: .. lot on . CA , - am e. nwrnnqosmh; V

on an 1. co". 3:

AOOOUNTARTU ' ' i, boo. Olhwe. Tenelo. also John. slmlneolge, Veneonvtfv .; Ileeallten. ldmogtop. a

II. .... .1 m S .

I