more FOUR TH E G UAR D IAN

Morning Doll; (Founded lis llilfl) Authorised in Iievund Class slsll. Post Office Uepnrtnrent, Ottawa.

Tlu lalunsl tiisisrdinn Publishing Co. Editor rsnil “Illllilil Director. J ll. Barnett. Assoalnte Editor. Frunls Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Tllfltl l the Weakest lnk."

iusnnonuirrowu, ruvnsonv. ran. 1o. me

The lild Asa Problem

Marking the first step in a research study sf the old age problem in Canada, which was undertaken by the public welfare division of the Canadian Welfare Council, an interim report hos been prepared of much interest and value to all concerned.

Quite definitely, the report states, still ac- tive older people are neither happy nor healthy living in non-productive retirement; nor is it economically sound to think that the mainten- ance of all older people could be carried by pen- sions, public relief or old age insurance in a population where the proportion of people over forty-five is steadily increasing.

Urgent need for research to provide a sound basis for the setting up of welfare policies in this country is emphasized in the report, which points out that the i95l census will be the last opportunity for a long time to obtain the needed population facts, and that planning for adequate coverage of this subject should be begun at once.

The report notes the increasing lack of acceptance by children of responsibility for the support of their ageing parents, lt is suggested that this is because modern housing, modern wage-income patterns and modern mobility of employment tend to keep the family unit small.

lt is recommended that if certain commun- ity resources were available to help families to cone for their elder members —- such as recrea- tionol and occupational services, provision of suitable housing for the aged, counselling ser- vices, volunteer visitor services and the devel- opment of foster homes for older people — their families might be encouraged not to transfer them to full public economic maintenance in an institution or hospital.

The whole question of institutions for aged, the report says, needs to be entirely re- thought. While some need this type of care, there are many more who need something of an entirely different type.

"lt is probably true," the report adds, "that an increasing measure of financial provision for the aged must fall on the public authorities since few can save enough in their working years to give them a decent minimum in their non-pro- productive retirement, and since, increasingly, heads of households can afford to do little more than house, clothe, feed and educate themsel- ves and their children. This assumption of fi- nancial responsibility by public authorities, how- ever, creates many human problems. Older peo- ple's needs for the affection and interests of family life, for the respect and the responsibili- ties which attach to any member of a family group, are as great as ever. lt is therefore e serious question of public policy to devise ways and methods of helping older people which will encourage the continuance of family ties, while aiming at the relief of pressure groups which may be making the older people unwelcome as members of the group."

When completed, the Welfare Council's study will form the basis of recommendations which will be forwarded to the Dominion provin- cial and municipal governments throughout Con- ado.

the

‘ Unprecedented Trade Figures

Reaching unparalleled heights, Canada's peacetime exports to the world exceeded $3,000,- 000,000 in value, during the year i948. lt is the first time in history this mark has been at- tained, the figures being almost three times as high as the best previous pre-war performance. Although the imports’ compilation is not yet com- plete, it is expected to be not less than $2,750,- OOELOOO, bringing Canada's total trade almost to the S6,000,000,000 for the lost calendar year. Even after allowing for inflated prices, these are record figures

The most gratifying single feature of Con- oda's external trade in i948, was the attainment of thepeacetime record of 9,500,987,000 in our exports to tho United States. The figure for the previous year was $l,054,226,000 and the ratio of gain 45 per cent. At the same time Ca- nada's imports from the U. S. A. declined by more than $300,000,000 for the year, bringing the two-way trade nearer on equation than it has been in very many years.

With these records, there is no reason why abnormal restrictions on trade should not be re- laxed, and why tariff readjustments should not be made for the stabilization of commercial dealings between the two countries on a basis of exchange reasonably satisfactory to both. The time has surely arrived when settled policy should replace experimentation in the matter of Canada's external trade.

Rain Makers Stymied

The National Research Council hos issued :i pamphlet describing some of its efforts to make rain. The method has achieved wide publicity through similartests in the United States and Australia, and involves the scattering of pellets of frozen carbon dioxide in clouds "not more than 4,000 feet thick, or more than 5,000 feet above the ground." According to the bulletin, the results have not been encouraging, but fur- ther experiments are to be carried out.

By coincidence, the American Meteorologi- cal Society discussed the some subject at its i0ist annual meeting in New York. Reports giv- en by Dr. Francis E. Reichelderfer, head of the United States Weather Bureau, and others, in- dicate that the weather experts regard the dry- in min-making experiments with sgepticism, The

Physical Research Division of the Weather Bur- eau declared that it had checked the results of one hundred and fifty "cloud-seeding" trials, and found "no indication that artificial cloud modi- fications induce self-propagating storms." lt as- serted that cloud-seeding techniques were of relatively little economic importance, and re- commended that more money be spent in efforts to predict the weather accurately.

[EDITORIAL NOiESf.

Although certainly not classed as a colony, Canada is showing her interest in West Indian trade by being represented at the conference at Bridgetown, Barbados which opened this week.

Q

Charlottetown, and the Law Society of Prince Edward lsland, will have the pleasure to- day of a visit from the President of the Canadian Bar Association, Mr. Stanley McCuoig of Ed- monton, Alta., and Mrs. McCuoig. lt is under- stocd that they will be here until Saturday.

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The Canadian Press reports that in i948 this country had a favorable balance of trade with the United Kingdom of £l45,400,000. As that is more than even her trade deficit with the United States it is not surprising that Brit- ain is anxious to sell more goods in Canadian

markets.

new

A private member's bill before Parliament would introduce the single transferable vote where there are more than two candidates contesting a seat. lt would seem that mediocre candid-ates would be favored by the system—the ones that people would not hesitate to name as their second choice although they would not have voted for them directly.

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Bad news for our farmers is that British Col- umbia provincial Government announce their in- tention to repeal the margarine ban, while the Federal Progressive Conservative leader takes exception to the proviso in the Newfoundldiid agreement prohibiting that new province ship- ping margarine to the other provinces. lf this be permitted, it means that the margarine ban is automatically removed.

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Joseph Lister, M. D., lst. Baron Lister, Eng- lish surgeon, died this date i912. He succes- sively held the chairs in surgery, at Glasgow Uni- versity, Edinburgh University, and King's College, London. He was the father of antiseptic surgery. The immediate and definite success of the Lister- ian treatment soon led to its adoption by sur- geons everywhere. He was fsyst royally rewarded by being created a baronet, and then raised to the peerage.

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The basic rules for autoists. "An automobile driver must always be prepared to meet the unexpected, when a single second may count, and must drive accordingly," said His Lordship the Chief Justice in Montreal Supreme Court. "Nothing can excuse the driver who does not see, and the fact that he is otherwise observing the law offers' no cloak of protection for him. " ‘Stop, Look and Listen’ will ever remain the basic rule even in this age of speed, and every right or privilege that-the law may give to a driver as to speedor otherwise is conditional only, and sub- ject to these basic rules and the over-riding rules of vigilant prudence," he concluded.

a n t

Crippled children are to be no longer depen- dent on private charity for medical and surgical services. The first grant in Manitoba for crippled children's work under the National Health Plan has been approved by the Federal Government. The grant totals $i5,800 and will be administered by the Manitoba Department of Health and Public Welfare. lt will be used to complete a crippled children's registry begun in i944 in conjunction with the Junior Red Cross; to establish a panel of doctors to ex- amine children needing care; to provide for a full-time nurse to arrange clinics and make in- vestlgatiairs; to give medical examinations and treatment," rind to send two doctors to the Unit- ed States to investigate the most modern treat- ment centres ior crippled children.

a rs e a

Considerable anxiety exists over the appoint- mcnt of new senators to replace Senator J. A. Macdonald and Brewer W. Robinson. lt is being recalled that in i930 the late Col. A. G.

-Pcal<e was slated for the Gubernatorial office at

the conclusion of Governor Heartz's term office, but the appointment was delayed until after the election in August of that year, when the Con- servatives, under Mr. R. B. Bennett, were victor- ious, with the result that Cal. Peoke "missed the bus," and Mr. Charles Dalton caught it. There are numerous expectant appointees waiting announcement 0f the senatorial appointments, among those mentioned being, Dr. Grant M. P., Mr. Lester Douglas, M.P., Premier Jones, Hon. William Hughes, Hen. George H. Barbour, Hon. Horace Wright, Mr. Russell C. Clark, Hon. H. H. Cox, Mr. J. LeRoy Holman, Hon. Wilfrid Ar- scnault and Lieuh-Governor J. A. Bernard. Q I Ir

Delays are dangerous in civic and political life. By delay and lack of foresight the city lost to Summerside the R.C.A,F. airport. By similar procrastination we lost the provincial headquart- ers of the Bank of Canada. lndecisiveness and lack of get-to-itness has held up the erection of n Federal Public building project for ove_r a year. Now the Defense Department, Ottawa, complains that its estimates for the com- ing year are being held up for lack of coopera- tion on our part. There are plenty places out- side Charlottetown where Federal naval appro- priat' ns could be used with advantage, so why shou'l we risk another loss through civic and provHcial administration mishandling? The fact seems to be the Liberal powers-that-be are qua: elling among themselves, and we'll make no satisfactory progress so long as that dog-in-the

nianrsr attitude prevails,

PUBLIC FORUM

This column ls open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of interest. The Guardian does not necessar- ily endorse the opinion uf correspondents.

o<s>eoa>ceaoo®roé APPRECIATION

Slr,—I have been following the Legends appearing ln your paper written by “Uncle Joe" and I must. say I enjoy them immvnscLv rind sincerely hope the good work will be (ranlinuerl. In my estimation those Legends add a great deal to your paper. I am, Sir. elr. STIRLING P. hlucLEUD. Cardigan, P, E. I.

Ontario's Law School

‘Financial Posh

'I‘liaro is something \'(‘l_\' disturb- ing about recent dmelopmenls at Ontario's law school. A funda- mental difference of opinion as to how legal education should he con- ducted hZIS resulted in the resigna- tion of the (lcuii and most 0f the full-time teaching stuff.

The education of lawyers is nu: something that. is the sale concern of lawyers. The matter is of seri- ous public concern for several roa- suns.

Lawyers liuvr- rr lllflfl0ptlly posi- tion ln handling legal mailers.

Fortunately. or otherwise, the legal profession provides a great mnny of our elected representatives to the legislatures.

Because of the wriy our Irusiiiess arid judicial systems have develop- ed. there ziro muriy limos when lhu citizen finds he is obliged to hire lawyers. and usually he has a lot at. slnke iii the qunlifv of the legal udvlce ho receives.

It. isn't Sitlllfilil'ClS\\‘\’lll(‘ll are iUll high flint is of major public can corn. ll is when standards un- too low that society underlakr-s supervision and regulation (If busi- nesses rind professions.

Pure food la vs resulted, not from the practices of the goozl people in the business. hut becaus- of the unclean, the fraudulent urrii the incompetent.

Security laws resulted from the actions of those who were sub- normal in conscience and ethics.

Society has long since required n most elaborate and extensive formal training for anyone planning to be n Fllf‘f'lll‘lll doctor.

But in Onlnrlo, where the legal trade union has sole control of pro- fessional slriiitliirds. the Benchers now coma out with 1r plan for still further reducing the formal educa- tion of its liuuvers.

Their scheme is to take a young- sternivlth senior matriculation or better. give him two hours of lec- tures five days u week. The rest of his erlvlcnlian ls to be Whnt they call “pracllcril". uhlch means he works in a lriw office.

What does this "practical" train- ing involve'.‘_ It includes running a lot. of messages. filing. doing mech-

he can about lnw and the operation of the courts. the value irf whlcli depends entirely rm the practice nnd personality of the individual lawyer to which he is nrtlcled. There ls no logic whatever in the defense of the present system that it. produces some good man. Under any system the exceptional and the good men will stand out among their fellows. Their char- acter. active intelligence and ability to go an learning will overcome any inadequacies In formal education. But whatever other defense the Ontario Benchers [Ive for their "lower standards" policy. the fact ll that they are going in the op- posite direction from all other parts

of Canada

anlcul office jobs, picking up what‘

SENATE APPOINTMENTS,

Progress In Education

(Fort Erie Times-Review) There are still teachers who think that children go to school lo learn lessons. and that when they have gone through the eight prim- ary grades tor cven fewer! they should he able to write legibly- spell according to some recognizable system-be able to read and follow written instructions -— rind he table, lo use lho zii-iihmotic tables usually- prinlerl on tho bucks of svribblors. It isn't easy lo gel. children across the hurdles of the written and printed word: it's tiresome (anch- iniz spelling; slruwlirrz beginner-st how to nrld llflfl subtract and mul-l liply has sent mare lllflll one np-' ltflfPlifly vigorous adult. into a rvstl home with shattered nerves. Sol while some lczichv-rs still slick in the straight arid narrow piilh. a lnl of teachers huve been eager adopt the prnjucl method. Parents will probably know whirl is meant hy “the project method“ It mc-zrns marking everything into names and pictures. Geography becomes a sand-box nrgl; history n session with glue 21nd mulch-slicks (and other ihlngsl; spelling n sort uf perpetual gzinro of anagrams; while arithmetic is cunnlngly dis- guised as playiui: store.

The ranchers have fun-sort of. The children find going to school is "just shut-ks . . ." Arid everyone is happy unlll some driy, the children go on to hiizher education. or out into the wnrld to gel a joh.

Then it turns out they don't know how to spoil; that they can only i-ulrl two and two zirid get four Asametimes; that thr>_\- (arft rend a sentence and understand lls meaning. They very skilful at building model villages. and are wizards n! making things with scis- sors nnri paste. But. as far as the three R's gn, they rive plumb ignor- anl.

It is probably only a jiassiiifz phase. Whcii the teachers got us fired nf playing grime-s as they were of tour-hing. they will llll'|l over n new loaf in spite of erlucri- lionnl theorists 1nd get. to work agisin—we hope!

The United Kingdom View On \V0rld Wheat Agreement

(‘viii-led Kiiirzdoiii Information

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'l‘Ii-- hand of Britain's delegation at the International Wheat Confer- ence now mac-tin: in I-Vnshinllififl put. the United kingdom point of view before the delegates of the 47 other" nations on January 27th. Mr. Anderson said thut. Britain would h:- wlllinx to guarantee ta buy 1S0 million bushels n year sub- ject to agreement being reached on alhrr issues.

This is the quantity Britain undertook lo buy at. inst year's vou- fEYQllCV. Mr. Anderson also made it clcnr that. if more countries will adhere la the agreement now being. negotiated Britain would consider increasing the iimount which she will guarantee to buy.

He said that Britain is prepared to accept an agreement lasting for four years terminating at the end of the crop year of 1952-3. He re- minded lhe Conference that. last yen:- Brltnln trad accepted un agreement for five years and ll was now proposed that the new agree- ment should end at the surne time as the one for which ratification was not. secured. But this dld not exclude the possibility of making 1i new nizreemont for u term of five years lf other issues can be satis- factorily settled.

Mr. Anderson enrplirislzed lhrit in view of the change in prospect {or world wheat supplies Britain is- sumec- that. there will be quite n substantial reduction from lire maximum prices suggested lent year. l-le recalled that. n maximum price had been fixed for the entire

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Old Charlottetown (And P. l. L)

SCPERIN TENDENT ARBUCKLE

On Sept. 19. 1871, is gentleman passer] away who was not only ln- timately’ connected wllli the press but who actually farmed part of lllf‘ lsl:iirrl‘s liistoijv. In his day, no man \\'.'.\s hotter known and it was snld that he know more people than nny man on the Island. For nwiny years John Arbuckle was Supr-riirloiirlirnl of Schools, and from ll'll\'t"lllllL' round tho country lllTZllIIt" rwqiiiriiilcal with nearly every family in il. He could call nil the old man nnd women. all the young men and maidens by their given names. He could tell tr_i___\vlionr they all were married, how many children they hnd. when and where they were christened, wlizit part of the Old Country they cziirio from, whnt year they arrived on the Island, the color of their hair. their hl(‘i\'l1<’ll‘l1?S. financial stzinrlinp rind other characteristics. At one llllll‘ Irv wielded a powerful influence with country voters, and

\Il(l miru fi~lt safe in running an elec-

tion without first trying to secure his support. But his advocacy of Confederation and close intimacy ullh Col. Grny and other promin- ant confedei-nlvs greatly’ weakened his hold upon the jirople. Mr. Arbuckle \\':is a very sociable riicrn. a great stony-teller with an abundance of Scottish humor isrid considerable orntoric-zil ability. He soon bi-cziitir- a regular visitor to Till‘ AFEus office, rind made it his birsincss to knnp the editor ac- quainted with the inner workings of- the political machine. He was on industrious gntherer of local news urrrl frimily gossip. rind he re. tiillvd \\‘ll.'lf. he hnd gathered wllli .-i ZPFll illfti wirs FUIIIIHGYKIBIYIP. in earlier years he and Donald Currie u ere ..sl friends, but Coiifediiratlon SC'l\Zll'.'!lr‘tl tlirm (l5 it did many other" life-lent: friends. Eillll for- ever after ouch yiive the other n wide bvrlii “hr-never they chanced in meet. Mr. Arhucklv nlwrivs ail- rlrcssod nir- frriirillnrly as "Jhme-s“. and l"‘“l'1ill‘l." Fllolre of Hon. Fredlr. Breckerr HS "l-‘rerf’ and Hon. T. I-l. ldfiVllilflli us “l-lorith." He was al. ways n izronl friend to the news. Papers, rind in his day furnished them with iriare gossip than any mnii m1 the island.

~ From "Newspaper Life and Nenvsnaner Men." 1900. by the late Mr. J. H. Fletcher.

These things have I spoken unto you. that tn Me ,ve might. lieu: peace. In the world ye nhnll have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.

PHONE CONSCIOLJS Canada lus telephones to "fr? 100 persons. llie total rep- resenting 3.5 per cent of the world's telephones.

IRRIGAATESTIARGITI AREA

The Nile River in Egypt irri- grntas 5.400.000 acres and this number may be increased to 7,600.- 000 by engineering improvements.

BEST FROM TIEET

The highest grade musk is ob- tained from the mnskdeer. now incoming very scarce in Tsarung mountains in southeastern Tibet.

widening range of prices which d-iil

period of the agreement, ivherv the minimum price would be Iaui-r-

ed year by year. This resulted lp n,

not help to maintain ri stable mar- iaot. In hlii opinion the argument for a llrridunled maximum price was unassailable.

I generally poor in quality. jtime many weavers were weaned |away to war work, and many

FEBRUARY 1n, m,

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A bumper crop of pedestrians ls nothing for the motorist to boast about in any season. -- Stralforcl j Beacon-Herald.

l No telephone polo has ever yet ‘been known to hit e car otherwise lthan ln self-defence. -— Quebec I Chronicle-Telegraph.

l Southern couples murrled by a child aged four may shortly go

_ looking for a judge aged six to get a divorce-Toronto Telegram.

I j Shortage o! weavers is one reis-

son why rugs are still scarce and In \\'Ell‘~

of them never returned to weaving.— Toronto Telegram.

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j These are days of tension in iwhlch many a man inc-eds the lhobby. The presence of modern