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Tae DAILY HX AMINER.

a FEBRUARY 9, 18800

The Tay Bridge Disaster. Every pacticle of matter in the universe with force. The measureless vert matter which composes the i all other globes roll- ing in boun less space, is, in common lan- dead matter. Still, every or atom of all this so called dead matter is evdued with immutable, if not eternal, laws and forces of its own. To obtain the full knowledge, control and di- rection of all these laws and forces, is tue aud ambition of every physical It is only by

is instinc volume of ! terrauqeous globe anc

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highest aiu and mechanical philosopher. means of the laws and forces inherent in the elements of Nature that inert matter can be brought fully under the control of man’s will. To trace and discover these wonderful properties and attributes of the elements of which the universe is made, 1s, therefure, a noble and god-like task.

{The Ivrrsitz has placed matter with all its incalculable forces and diversified laws before the senses of man, and endowed him with reason and judgment necessary for the investigation and application of these mar velloas forces and and laws. To this noble work, men, in all corners of the civilized world. have addressed tnemselves. Hence it is that we have the Iron Horse with his thundering train, careering over alunost every section of the habitable globe, defiant of every obstacle that rises in the way. Hence, also, does man speak to his fellow across vast oceans ancl over towering moun- tains and broad continents with almost as much ease and familiarity as if the coll - quists were cenversing check by jowl at the same fire-side. All the other thousand and one marvels of steam and electricity will naturally oceur to the intelligent read- er. A further knowledge of the elements of the universe, and of the laws and forces in herent in these, and of the effects of one and all of these upon one another,—a further knowledge of these things, we say, will, in the future, illimitably enlarge man’s powers nature, and enable him to wield forces and produce effects not yet ever dreamed of.

Every work of man’s genius, which has resulted, or may yet result in disaster, will serve to urge inen of science to further and deeper investigations into the secrets of Nature and the properties and laws of mat-

over

ter. Perfection, in even the best known of the arta and sciences, is infinitely ahead of the scientific world. Only the

first faltering, feeble step, even in the best trodden paths of art and _ skill has been achieved. But men of science are gathering strength and multiplying in number; and the highway to the arts and the sciences is being rapidly opened up and cleared of impediments. Never again, per- hapa, will a Tay Bridge disaster, arising fram the same, or even similar causes, shock the world. Most of the architects, mechanics and enzineers who wroteg upon the disaster, seek for its immediate causes in the defects and neglects in the plans and workinanship, and in the absence of wnity in the whole structure. The theory of one —Mr. Beil, who is probably a_ practical architect, possesses considerable plausibi- lity. The vist of his theory is, tha the bridge was built in sections, and each sec- tion depencient on its own strength aloue. In the construction of a bridge—anud par- ticularly a railway bridge —such a plan, or rather principle, of building it, would be a serious mistake. A most desirable element in the coustraction of such a gigantic work as the ‘lay Railway Bridge, is that each part and each section affords strength to all the other pirts and sections, and thus se- cure a unily of strength and dependence throughout the entire structure. It ap pears by Jir. Bell's showing, that the sec- tion which gave way, and which should be

the stronyvest of the whuvle structure, was the most isolated—so to speak— as well as ‘ie weakest.

But, bebind all the theories yet suggest- ed, there was one main canse of the catas- throphe of which no nutice has yet been taken. To understagd this cause thor oughly, prelimimary explanation is indis- petisable to most readers.

lt is well known to metallurgists and chemists tat several of the metals and minerals a-sume the crystalline structure ; and that wien they do so they are easily broken. No sane man would never order glass wheels to be placed under his ecar- riage, however brilliant and beautiful these might appear. Iron is one of the metals which sometimes assumes the crystalline state, but at the same time retains its iron like appearance. Tnere are conditions and circumstances favorable to this crystalline transmutation, When all these meet and act simultaneously, the iron assumes the crystalline state in a comparatively short space of time. To submit the iron toa continuous jar or violent vibration is one of the conditions favorable to its crystalliza- tion; acoli and highly electrical state of the atmosphere is another; and, in all probability, the direction in which the iron 1s placed with regard te the magnetic points of the compass,isa third. When these three inflnences and many other favorable conditions and circumstances which we need not wait to specify, operate in concert upon the iron, the process of crystallization becomes a certainty. When common iron assumes this molecular arrangement, it is

sid in coumon language to have become rotten or brittle. And it 1s on this ac- count that cannon, axles of cars,mill metal, etc., ave condemned after they are in use for a certain length of time, although no flaw may appear In the autunn of '58 or ‘59, the writer, in company with Alex. MeNeill, E:q., of Cavendish, was driving along a level, but frozen rood. In @ moment, and without

any discerable cause, snap went the axle close to the hub, and that side of the carriage fell to the ground. Next day on examining the fracture, 1f was found to be as smooth and even as if it had been cut through with the sharpest edge. The fact was, altho’ we did not then know it, the axle became crystallized by the continuous jarring occasioned by the hard and lumpy road, and the wheel having probably struck a frozen lump somewhat larger than the others. the brittle iron broke like a piece of clear crystal.

Since penning the foregoing I be noticed the following remarks on the fa

of the Tay Bridge, taken trom the London Builder : { ae “Phat the bridge went with the train 1s now indubitable. That the first fracture took place at the fifth pier almost at the moment that the engine went upon if, Is much shone by the mode in which the pillars on that pier are described as having fallen to east and west. On the sixth pier the iron was cut off as if with a knife.”

Now this is the very characteristic of the fracture of crystallized iron. If the iron of the bridge, or even a portion of it, as- jsumed the crystalline atomic arrangement, the sudden entrance of the cars upon It under the enormous pressure of the terrific gale of that night, the crystallized metal would most certainly and suddenly snap asunder, and precipitate cars and all into the seething waters below,

The next consideration is, were the cir- cumstances and conditions favorable for crystallizing the metal presevt / They cer- tainly were. First, the bridge has been constantly jarred by several trains crossing it daily for about eighteen months. Second, every storm which blew against it during that time, especially those which pressed latterly upon it, kept it more or less in motion. Third, the elements on that fatal night were highly electrical. And fourth, the bridge, if | am not mistaken, coincides lengthwise with the magnetic polar cur- rent.

Atrrep A. McKenzix. tical Parliament of Great Britain.

THE QUEEN'S SPEECH.

My Lords and Gentlemen, —

It is with much satisfaction that I again resort to the advice of my Parliament.

My relations with all Powers continue friendly. ‘The course of events since the pro- rogation has tended to furnish additional se- curity to the maintenance of European peace, aud of the principles of the Treaty of Berlin. Much remains to be done to repair the dis order the late war cau ed in many parts of the Turkish Empire. 4

A convention for the suppression of the slave trade has been concluded with the Sultan.

At the close of the last session I expressed a hope that the treaty of Gundamuk ‘had _ter- minated the warin Afghanistan. My envoy with a retinue was honorably received and en- tertained by the Ameer at Cabul. While en- gaged, however, in their duty, he and the Embassy were treacherously attacked by over- whelming numbers, and alter a hereoic de- fence, almost all were massacred. An out rage so intulerable called for condign chas- tisement, and my troops, which were with- drawing, were ordered to return. Tue skill exhibited in the rapid march on Cabal, and in the advances upon their lines of action, reflects the ighest credit upon them, whose bravery shown with mounted lustre in every e gaye- ment. The abdication ot the Ameer and the un-zettled condition of the country render the recall of my troops impossible for the present, but the principle on which my Government hitherto acted remains unchanged, and while determined to make the frontiers of the Indian Empire strong, I desire to be on friendly re- lations alike with the ruler aud pe ple of Afghanistan.

My anticipations as to an early peace in Souti Africa have beeu fulfilled. The capture of the position of the Zulu King and the breaking up of the military organization on which his dynasty was based relieved my pos- sessions there from the danger which impeded their advancement and consolidation.

in Basutaland a native outbreak of consid- erable importance has been effectually quelled by the Colonial forces, while Transvaal has been freed from the depredations of a power- ful chief, who, having successfully resisted the \former Government of the country, had per | sistes.tly rejected attempts at conciliation. I

have ressou to hope that the timeis approach- ing when an important advance may be made | towards the establishment of a union or con- |federation, under which the powers of self- 'government enjoved by the inhabitants of the | Cape Colony may be extended to my subjects jin other parts of South Africa. Papers on these and other matters will be forthwith laid | betore you. Gentlemen of tie, House of Commons :

| have directed the estimates of this year to _be prepared and laid before without delay.

| y Lords and Gentlemen :

|

The commission, which at the close of the session [ informed you I had issued, to inquire into the causes of agricultural depressior throughout the United Kingdom, is pursuing its labors. In the meantime a serious defi- ciency in .he usual crops in some parts of Ire- land has rendered necessary special proceed- ings on the partof my Government to guard against the calamities with which those dis- tricts are threatened. With this view they have called upon the anthorities charged with the duty of administering relief to make am- ple preparation for the distribution of food aud fuel, should such a step become necessary, and they have also stimulated employment of labor by advances on terms more liberal than thuse prescribed by the existing law. I feel

assured that you will give your sanction to!

the course adopted. They may have exceed- ed the power entrusted by Parliament to the executive of the Gevernment. A_ proposal will be submitted to you for providing the funds required for these exceptional advances on the security for property administered by the Church Temporalities Commissioners.

I trust that you will be able to resume con- sideration of the Criminal Code, and of im, provement of the Law of Bankruptcy.

Bills will be laid before you for enlarging the powers of owners of unsettled land. for consolidating and amending the Lunacy Laws- and for simplifying the Practice of Con- veyancing.

I commend to yon these and other measures which may be submitted for your considera- tion, aud I trust that-the blessing of Almighty God will attend and direct your labors,

-

EWS BY TELEGRAPH

Special dispatch to Lxamimer. New York, Feb. 8. A London despatch says that if 1s again

announced that Dean Stanley has consent- ei to the erection of a statue of Louis

Napoleon in Westminster Abbey.

Rome, Feb. 1. |

has reached the Vatican

A despatch throngh a diplomatic seurce, that the C-own Prince of Germany is not charged with any mission to the Pope.

LonpDOoN, Feb. 7.

The Standard affirms that, efter the dis- posal of the pending Home Rule amend. ments to the Address, Mr. O Donnell, Dungarven, will, before the address 18 con- sented to, move another amendment gen- erally arraigning the Foreign Policy of the Governuient, but that it will only be sup- ported by a few of his colleagues.

The Standard’s St. Petersburg despatch st.vs that one ship of the Russian volunteer fleet will be sent with a Commissioner to eather information for the development of trade with China, Japan and tho United States. |

A despatch frem Berlin says the intelli- geuce has been received from St. Peters- burg that the editors-of the Will of the Fope, the nihilist organ, have published a notice that in consequence of the loss of their printing press, the issue of the third number of that paper has been interrupted, buat will be resumed shortly.

A despatch from Naples says an eruption of Mount Vesuvius began on Saturday.

Orrawa, Feb. 8,

Much sympathy is felt in the highest ereles on account of the sudden death of Governor Chandler. Speculation is rife as t» his successor, but it is too soon to refer to that matter.

The anti-tariff petition published in the « Telegraph ” a few days ago is reproduced and favorably commented on in the Globe aad other leading Opposition journals.

The Governer General, through Lieut. - Gen. Smith, compliments the Military staff ia Halifax on their appewrance during the) recent reception of the Princess.

The Legislative Council. To correct an error, we again insert the f llowing editorial paragraph published on Saturday :—

Ir seems that a majority of the people of Lot 8 have wielded to the persuasive in- fuences of Hon. B. Rogers, M. L. C., and desire that ‘‘no change shall be made in the Constitution of the Province.” We learn that Mr. Rogers excited the property holders’

jealously of the RicHr TO vortz for members of the Legislative Council.

But if aright” be of no value, and ex- esedingly costly, what is the use of jeal- cusly holding on to it. A well-to-do and intelligent miller in Prince County paid #7800 for the *‘ right’ to a water course ‘ tut the water proved insufficient in quan- tity for his purpose, and tue “‘ right” was of little or no value to him. Did he waste bis time and money in keeping up the the dam _ because’ he possessed the ‘‘right” to the stream. Not at all. The “right” was of no value; he put on steam, and let the water go. Now, the people of this Island, chiefly the prop- erty holders, are paying some $4,000 a year fora ‘‘right” which is of no value to them, and which, as has been preved in the case Ontario and other places, they are just as well without. Will they con- tinue to pay the heavy cost incident to the ‘‘right” which is ef no value to them, in order to retain it; or will they, like the sensible miller, let the ‘‘right” go and spply the money now annually spent in raxintaining it, upon something which will he of real service to them! That’s the (juestion.

-?@--<® o a> 2 —- ---—--- +

HOTEL ARRIVALS.

ROCKLIN HOUSE.

Feb. 7. —Wm. Sobey, Hampton; Neil Me- QWuarrie, do; D W Palmer, Victori>; Angus cDonald, Bedeque; Robert McLeod, Caven- cish; Miss MeLeod, do; D Simpson, do; Don- eld McKay, New London.

HANOVER HOUSE.

Feb. 6.—Henry Clarke, Bedequne; John (vrady, Summerside; Malcolm Matheson, jradalbane; John Stewart, Red Point; John eGregor, Southport; Isaac Thompson, Suf- iolk, Henry McGregor, Southport, James 3irch, Alberton. Feb. 7.—Henry Morrow, 3othwell, John Morrow, do; Col. Davar, Al- i Capt. J, McKay, S 8 ‘Northern aight.” e

DilD.

At (Greenock, Scotland, on 3rd ult., Rufus ‘4, DesBrisay, of Richibecto, aged 37 years,

In Charlottetown, on Friday, January 23rd, of inflammation of the lungs, Catherine, wife of Pierce Lacy, blacksmith, in the 3Ist year of her age. She leaves a husband and three children to mourn their loss. The deceased vas a daughter of Mr. Patrick Mooney, of

MASONIC.

CRAND MASONIC ENTERTAINMENT

--AT

—_-——- 9 —

The Quintette Club, with the best Vocal and Instramental talent in the City, will of this Entertainment, and a rare treat may be expected.

; rovide the Musical part

Admission 25 cents; reserved seats 35 cents.

Doors open at 7.30, Chair taken at 8 0’

Stores in the city and at Bremner Bros. Feb. 3, 1880 —pat 2i, h li

- NOTICE! |

Merchants Marine Ins, ty'yi9 FAP LE GOODS! AT AUCTION. —

“ AM instructed to sell at PUBLIC AUC. a :

OF PRINCE ED YARD ISLAND.

rgvViE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Shareholders ef the Company will be held in the

Y. M. C. A. HALL,

——ON

Wednesday, 10th March Next,

At 3 OCLOCK., for the election of Directors for the ensuing year, and the transaction of other business. FENTON T. NEWBERY, Feb. 9, 1880—2aw »

——$ $$$ ——_$_ $$ TT

Sabbath School

CONCERT.

Trg.\HR SABBATH SCHOOL in connection with the SECOND METHODIST CHURCH will givea

Concert and Literary Entertainment,

Some ioe

UPPER PRINCE STREET CHURCH,

-—ON —

Friday, 13th F'eb.,

Assisted by the Choir and several Musi- eal lustruments. We intend this to be « first-class entertainment. General admission, 15 cents; children, 10 cents. Concert to commenee at 8 o'clock. M. N. WRIGHT, Sec’y Com.

Feb. 9, 1.S80—mth

The fusoivent Act of 1875 and Amending Acts.

In the Matter of John Seller, an In-

solvent.

Y AUCTION, will be sold at the Sub- scriber’s office, on FRIDAY NEXT, the 13th inst., at Two o’clock in the afternoon, the following Stock, being part of the Estate of above Insolvent :— 5 Horses, 1 Cow, 2 Wood Sleighs, 1 Jaunting Sleigh, 1 Box Sleigh, 1 Cart, 1 Express Wagon, 1 Sulky, ] Bugsy, 1 Cultivator, 1 sett Harness, 1 Wood Plough, i Mowing Machine, 2 Cart Harnesses, 1 Sulky Rake, etc., ete. Terms at Sale. B. WILSON HIGGs, Assignee. Charlottetown, P. KE. I., Feb. 9, 1880—21

Readings and iMusicale,

THE LAST GF THE SEASON,

ST. PETER’S SCHOOLROOM,

ani I ca

Tuesday Next, 10th inst

ROGRAMME. Glee—‘‘There is Music by the River” — Mrs. McNab, Miss DesBrisay, Major

Freeland and Mr. Williams 9 . . Rev. R. D. Bambrick 3. Song—‘**The Gambler’s Wife,”—

Herr Hermans 4. Reading— Mr. W, C. DesBrisay 5. Song—*‘ Flowers, only Flowers,” —

an -

. Reading —

uot a. j

On the Ist inst , at Souris West, Margaret | Ann, beloved wife of Richard J. Lacy, aged| 28 vears. The deceased was a native of Pirate Cove, Strait of Canso, and leaves a! inshand and three small children to mourn! heir loss. (Nova Scotia papers please copy.) |

At Murray Harbor, on the 23rd ult., | iter a severe and _ protracted illness, | which she bore with Christian resignation to che divine will, Sarah M. Sencabaugh, he-

. . ots . coved wife of David Crichton, Esq., in the £9th year of her age, leaving a husband, one

son and three dauchters to mourn their loss. | 4%

b_* the Cheapest and ublished ma the Proviness,

most Newsy P YS SPOr i ved. 7, 1880:

Miss Palmer 6. Reading— . . - Miss Wright 7. Song—‘* AVearing o’ the Green,” —

‘ Major Freeiand

. Reading— . Mn E. J. Hodgson 9. Duett— . Mrs. Strickland and Miss Des Bri

10. Reading— : ; wae: Macaen

11. Inst. Trie—‘*Meditation,” (by request), Messrs. Vinnicombe, Wilson and Watson 12. Reading— : Mr. Cotton

13. Song—“Thady O'Flinn,”— Mrs. MacNab |

Readin g— ; : : Miss Smith Piano solo -‘‘The War March of the

At the residence of James McPt his | Priests,” — . . Mr. L. W. Watson orother-in-law, West Point, Lot re ¥ ? sane par te .° E. Haszard : lingering illness. of bronchitis. Alex., son of 18. Rewiiz , . - Mrs. Strickland tne late Mardogh MoDoneld: Lot 42, in the te” goon uta’ ae eee 24th year of his age. - Song— , — . Williams : e° 20. Reading— ; Mr. F. 8S. Longworth

{ UBSCRIBE for the DAILY EXAMINER, | ae Se rem

Doors open at-7.30. Admission 10 cents.

MARKET HALL, On Vonday Evening,

UNDER THE AUSPICES OF KING SOLOMON LODCE, A. F., A. M., And Under the Patronage of His Honor the Lieutenant Governor,

THE—

*

February 9th, 1880,

_—_—_—

Tickets to be had at the different

Drug

D. R McLENNAN, &

EXTENSIVE SALE OF

LION, an extensive Stock of

Tea, Liquor and Tobaceo, Bonded Warehouse, —

ar ll o’CLocK, a. M. Will be sold in lots to suit

paid or in Bond. TEA, 50 chests , 25 half-cheste Warranted good, LIQUORS

3 hhds Gin, 19 gr. casks Gin, ; 110 cases Gin, Red and Green Seal, 70 cases Brandy, Quart Flasks and 116 cases Whiskey, Quarts and Flasks, __ 10 cases ‘Old Tom,” . 3 casks Port Wine, ) g

1] cask Brandy (dark) } Duty paid. 1 cask Ginger Wine, ) TOBACCO. 12 boxes ‘‘ Pride of Quebec,” . 15 butts ‘‘ Cable Twist,” , 10 boxes ‘* Beaver.” The above Goods are ordered for positive Sale, and afford «a chance that’ will not occur again this seasun. The Stocks held of these classes of Goods is very light, and will be much wanted before new Spring arrivals come in. ; W. D. STEWART, Auctioneer. Feb. 5, 1880-—eod

Herring. co FOR CASH,—

50 bbis. Herring; 100 qtls Codtish, 200 bags Salt. D. SMALL,

Head Queen’s Wharf, opposite I. C. Hall's.

NE TON AMERICAN MANILLA MAR. LIN (Tarred and White), Cotton Lines, Twines, Leads, Hooks, Bait Mills, Fishi Anchors, Cotton Ducks (light and heavy), 1 coils Manilla Rope, Hemp Rope, Wire Rope, Paints, Oils, Tar, Oskum, Ships Chandlery. Sail Making, Light, Dueks for Boats’ Sails. D. SMALL. Jan. 21; }880-—tf

a. 2}

o

To Fisheries and Factories,

Thursday, 12th Feb'y, inst,

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Ap

ete,

Bate

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Codfish, |

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§, §, “NORTHERN LIGHE,”

ILL MAKE DAILY TRIPS between

Y Georgetown and Pictou, until further notice, (Sundays excepted) leaving Georgetown — at 6a. m., and Pictou at 1.40 p. m., weather

permitting. WM. MITCHELL, .. Agente Dep't Ch’town, Dee. 19, 1879.

Valuable Property for Sale,

rP\HAT FARM lately owned by John and Peter Meikle, situate on Lot 23, im Queen’s County. , For further particulars apply at the offiee = Messrs. Hopeson & McLrop, Charlotte wn.

Jan. 9, 1880—eod

NOTICE.

pa having SCHOONERS from 35 to 65 Tons for Sale, may hear of a pur- chaser by applying to JOHN H,. CATHRAE, Ch’town, 2nd Feb., 1880—lw

COLDEN SYRUP.

Very Choice. 8 CTS. PER POUND,

BEER & GOFF'S. Jan. 13, 1880,

—_—,

dy place to get your Printing done is at the EXAMINE PRINTING

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