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Puhlisnen every week-day morning 3‘ T55’ P'”‘°° “"9” Charlottetown, P.E.l.. by the Thomson Company Ud- lul A. Burnett, Publisher and General Manage! hunk Walker, Editor Member Canadian Dally Newspapel Publishers Association Member of File Canadian Press Member Adult Rureau oi Circulations Irnch nllices at Summersidé. Montague and Albefloh Represented Nationally by Thomson New!Pi|PeT| Advertising Service

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Serious Charge

A serious charge was made in the Legislature ‘on Friday evening by Premier Matheson. Dealing with the Halifax conference of federal and provincial officials at which a formula for distribution of the At- lantic Provinces adjustment grant was discussed, he stated that an official of the Federal Department of Finance, Dr. Taylor, had said that Prince Edward Island should receive only $1,700,000 and that “this is more than they deserve.”

We have no hesitancy in saying that any official, whatever his pos- ition, who would so far forget him- self as to make such a statement in connection with this Province’s claims for consideration of any kind, should be fired immediately. It is regrettable that the Premier did not revehl ‘this matter earlier in the session, tabling the evidence on which his charge was based, so that the House could have passed for- mal censure upon the official in question. Now that the House has been adjourned, and procedure of this kind is out of the question, there, should at least be a formal complaint addressed by the Pre- mier to the Finance Minister at Ot- tawa, with copies sent “to all our federal representatives. There is no reason why we should tolerate treatment of this kind from any bureaucrat, or why the Federal Government should not at once be called to account for permitting any of its officials to act in such a high- handed manner.

Odd Omissions

It seems a little odd that provision was made in the annual Provincial Budget for either the Hospital Insurance Plan or aid to municipalities from the special Fed- eral grant.

As far as the first is concerned, the general understanding is that the Province is committed to par- ticipation in it not later than Jan. 1st next. If that is indeed the case, a way will have to be found to meet the costs. Presumably, that means. a special tax or levy of some sort. Clearly, the. plan cannot be sustained by current reveue, unless more money—and- a good deal more——is forthcoming from the Provincial Treasury; and that seems hardly likely before next January.

It may ..be that the Government

sion of the_ Legislature for later in the year. But that would be merely postponing the inevitable; and it is hard to see how it would make the financial problem any less acute.

In the matter of the second omission, there is no question but that the municipalities expected to share in the special federal grant. And it, is reasonably clear that’ the ‘Federal -Government had this in mind when the grants were appor- tioned, although it does not appear to have been incorporated in the agreement. In any event, it is un- fortunate that no mention at all was made of it in the Budget.

There are those who believe that both the Hospital Plan and assis- tance to the municipalities are being held back as bait for an early elec- tion. We do not believe that that would be either fair to the people

or politically advantageous to the Government.

Almost incredible

_ In a dispatch to the New York Times, Drew Middleton, that paper’s distinguished correspondent in Lon- don, states that there is one argu- ment for Britain’s continuing nu. clear tests which the Government

0-

I has under consideration all the time

but which, for obvious reasons, is not included in official statements on the subject. The argument is that the time might come when Britain will again be on its own, not able to count on help from the Un- ited States.

Mr. Middleton puts it this way: “If the battle (for continuing the tests) has indeed been won, the victory has been achieved without

—’—MoNoAYTKI7nT1.'1fT§3§ “

no

the Governmenlt"s employing 0119 of its principal but most embarras- sing arguments. This is that Britain must have the hydrogen bomb and the means to deliver it because It cannot be certain about the United States’ attitude toward its closest ally, once the United States has produced the intercontinental bal- listic missile.

“The Government wants to avoid any possibility of a situation in which the United States might

' withdraw into a ‘Fortress America’ guarded by the I. C. B. M. leaving its ally without this ultimate wea- pon. This argument was ‘advanced a year ago when the Government first altered its defense program to

’ increased dependence on the na-

tion’s own hydrogen weapons. Not much has, been said about it since, but there is ample evidence that it still figures largely in Cabinet think- ing.”

It seems almost incredible, after

» all the talk about the partnership

and the unity of the nations of the

should be based, even in a small way, on the possibility of the Un- ited States' withdrawing from its commitments in any conceivable circumstances. Yet, it cannot be de- nied that there is still a good deal of isolationist sentiment in the Un- ited States. This is evidenced by the hard time the President is having

Reciprocal Trade Program through the Congress. There is probably not enough of it to keep the United States from coming to the aid of any ally promptly and with vigour, even though it may be able to de- fend itself by intercontinental mis- siles. But, apparently the British Government feels that it is a chance that must be considered and guard- ' ed against.

Educated Fish

Why is it that fishing may be

for some time and then ease off to practically nothing? Is it because

That is the common\ lay view; but’ it is not the scientific view. The real

Miller of the University of Alberta, is that the less intelligent fish are taken readily, while the more educat- ed ones simply refuse to be caught.

Writing in the Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Dr. Miller says that there is evidence that “vulnerability to fishing lures is determined genetically in trout”. “It is not unreasonable to assume”, he adds, “that the less wary or more unintelligent fish are soon removed, providing a strong selection for war- iness and intelligence”.

It is well kno n that brown trout are harder to catch than brook trout or rainbows. Dr. Miller has an ex- planation for this, too. He says it is simply a matter of genetics. The

is considering calling a special .ses- .

brown trout has been subjected to angling in one form or another for a. thousand years, while the brook and rainbow trout havebeen around for only about 200 years. The longer experience of the browns has made them cautious. Dr. Miller also states that there is no truth in the theory that strange fish, when introduced into new surroundings, have a bad effect on the native species. Actually, the natives keep the strangers from increasing.

So it seems that there is a scien- tific basis for a view which is some- times expressed facetiously—“the fish must be getting wiser”.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Moscow, Idaho (population 12,- 000) is one of the proudest cities in the United States. Since April 1948

i there has not been a single traffic fatality. Officials attribute the’ enviable.record to a traffic safety campaign backed by the public.

I I‘ I

The Gordon Commission has re- vealed that since the war 77 per cent of all foreign investment in Canada came from the United States and only 17 per cent from the United Kingdom. This, surely. is not in good balance for a Com- monwealth country.

1 ti

India‘ may be poor in many re- spects; but, the country has substantial mineral resources. Japanese geologists who have been investigating the pros- spects say that there-are at least 21 billion tons of iron ore deposits. After the fields have been properly developed Japan will take 65 per cent of the‘ annual output. Exports of lesser amounts will go to var- ious European countries-

0

free world, that British policy.

in trying to push a_ renewal of the .

good, even exciting, at a certain spot‘

most of the fish have been caught? ‘

reason, according to Dr. Richard B. A

according to reports, ,

‘a dedicated educator he was.

.-.;-;-,. , .

Now RIDE ‘EM COWBOY

OTTAWA REPORT‘

I

A Flagrant Example ,

By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent for The Guardian

Ottawa: Mr. John Diefen-bak- er’s newly - strengthened govern-

-ment will certainly give high pri-,

ority to the important review of all Crown corporations and oth- er government agencies which are not under the directpconitrol of a Cabinet Minister.

It is not necessary to remind Canadian voters of glaring exam- ples where the government - ap- pointed heads of Crown - owned bodies - paid servants of the taxpayers — have aimed to set themselves up as little emperors, over-eager to run counter to de- clared government policy, and

‘ smugly ch-allengning the Cabinet

with the implied taunt of “Chick- en.”

The most flagrant. and costly example of empire - building, which the Government must _ei- ther cumb or else control more closely, is the Canadian Broad- casting Corporation. That body is

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus-

sion by correspondents of question of

interest. The Guardian does not n.eses-

sarily endorse the opinion of corres- pondents.

TRIBUTE

Sir,—-On Tuesday morning as the Prince Edward Island Teach-

,ers once again met in their an-

nual conventlon, the absence of

one -of our foremost members,

the late Gordon M. Rice, was very keenly ‘felt by all those who had the privilege of being ac-

. qua-inted with him.

Those of us who worked with the late Mr. Rice will know what He gave unselfishly of his talents, both as a class room teacher and- a school supervisor. Many teach- ers are experiencing more suc- cess in their profession today as a result of Mr. Rice’s inspiring leadership and kind guidance. ‘To his wife and family I extend my sincere sympathy in their great sorrow. v

I am, Sir, etc'~,, ELINOR MacDONALD. Charlottetown.

DAYLIGHT TIME

Sii',—-Would you please allow space in your paper to ask Mr. Colin Waugh why he thinks Day- light Time (Uniform) is a curse to P. ‘E. I.

I can quite agree with him that if some of the larger centres such as Charlottetown and Summer- side were to adopt Daylight Time and the rest of the Island did not, then I would say it would be a curse to the Island.

In talking to marry a farmer about this issue, they do not care which time we have as "long as it is a uniform time.

Does Mr. Waugh and these who may agree with him think that they are so right and all the rest of Canada and'the U. S. are wrong? There are many farming

, areas and a lot bigger than P.

I. which go on Daylight Time and like it fine.

May I also ask Mr. Waugh has he ever worked in a department store as a clerk or in an office or a factory or some similar job that may be found within a city or town during the summer months? If he has, he knows what an extra hour of daylight in the evenings means to one who has not a chance to enjoy what sum- mer we do get here on the Island.

Let us all be reasonable men. Give Uniform Daylight Time a fair tgy and if after this period of time some type of vote could be taken aild whichever way the vote is cast, let us abide by it, but let us give it a fair try first.

If Mr. Waugh would not agree to this. tlien‘I think he is very linfair. Let us work together. I would like to hear from Mr. VVall§.Ill as to the point of giving Uniform Daylight Time a try and then we could get togctller and arrange to hold a vote on this issue.

I am. Sir. etc, A DAYLIGHT TIIVIER. Sumlilerside.

under no direct governmental control; it merely “reports" to Parliament through a Cabinet Minister. Its affairs are given a perfunctory review when its year- ly estimates are considered by Parliament, but this has not hap- pened since 1956. Its activities have .. been subjected to some floodlightin-g, of-ten curbed by or- der, in parliamentary committee, but this last sat on 16th June

- 1955, nearly three years ago.

In other words, that Crown ag- ency, now spending some $70,000- 000 of taxpayers’ money in a year, has had 1 three years’ run_ without any effective super- vision.

A SI-IREWD CRITIC ,

When the parliamentary com- mittee last looked into its affairs, that Conserviative watchdog Don-

alld Fleming, now Minister of Fi- nance, discovered that the C.B.C. had a surplus of more than $14,- 000,000 tucked away in cash and bonds. ,

“We are here as parliament- ary - minded people," Mr. Flem- ing declared. “Arid we are think- ing in terms of control of public money. We are here as elected representatives of the people, to insure such control. . .” And he went on to blast the «then govern- ment's policy of giving the C.B.C. large cash loans in advance of need, and allowing the C.B.C. to use that money as it pleased, without control by Parliament.

How is the C.B.C. using that money? \

W61[1. first there is its costly building programme.

The C.B.C. is acquiring two of

-the choicest and hence most cost- ly pieces of real estate in Mon- treal and Ottawa; the former for offlcos and studios, the latter to house the head office staff of 400 bodies.

I asked for details of the plan- ned head office building, but could not obtain even such basic information as its tot al floor space —- a Crown agency is able

to be much more resistant to en- quill-y than a government Minis- try. However, from an archi- tect’s drawing lavis-hly reproduc- ed on a. billboard on the site, the building appears to be ten floors high, and of cantilever con- struction which is the most ex- pensive form of building. I was able to learn that its planned cost is about $2,500,000 or more than $6,000 per ‘employee to be given working - week desk-space there. This is double the cost of housing the average Canadian in an efficient modern home with bath, kitchen and other home-a- menities presumably not requir- ed in a C.B.C. office.

Parliament should quickly look closely at this evident gross waste of your tax dollars. DICTATORSHIP-STYLE?

Then there is the matter of the C.B.C.’~.s apparent ambition to create a news-gathering and news-dissemination empire, said to be aiming at subsidised com- petition wlth, and ultimate re- placement of, our commerical news agencies.

It is quite impossible to obtain the admission, even at lower ech- elons, that any such plans exist — naturally. Yet the report is given substance by the fast ex- pansion of the C.B.C’s news de- Dartrnent; by its reckless cost of operation; -and by the worldwide network of monopoly contracts which the C.B.C. is reported to be creating.

_ There are -three very severe db. Jections to a creative C. B. C. news organization.‘

1. The government of a demo. cracy should never become en- gaged in the selection and prep- aration of news, nor in the sub- vention of critics.

2. Our government should not Compete with private enterprise, where the latter is already per. forming its commercial function adequately.

3- The t3XI>ayer’s money should not be wasted on creating a ser- vice which existing commerical agencies are already performing acceptably.

It is to be hoped that Prime Minister Diefenbaker will speed- ily ask Parliament to restrict the C.B.C. to those activities for which it was created.

Lessons From Meteorites

National Geographic Society

The space age turns the faces of men toward the sky and em- phasizes, as never before, the need for knowing more about me- teorites.

Not only is there danger of a blazing, roaring meteorite being mistaken for an enemy missile; study of the speed, heat penetra- tion, ‘and survivial of meteorites may help scientists design space vehicles that can successfully re- enter the earth's dense atmos- phere.

Meteroties bear proof of the intense struggle involved in pene- trating the blanket of air. Both iron and stony specimens are cov- ered with a dark, thin crust of

fused matter. TO MELTING POINT

As a meteorite blasts toward the earth, it moves faster than air molecules. Air, trapped and compressed in a pocket before it. becomes fantastically hot. The metorite’s surface begins to melt.

Liquid material is sloughed oft in a spectacular display of sparks It is this fireball that people sometimes see —— and more of- ten hear. As it comes lower into the atmosphere intense detona- tions crack like cannon fire and sound from afar like thunder.

Dense air and friction finally slow down the meteorite. The hot air pocket dissipates, the fireball vanishes, the molten surface har dens into a crust, and the chun ky object plummets to earth.

Significantly, it is now believ ed that falling meteorites lose lless of their original mass l fewer surface features than was once supposed.

However; out of the hundreds ‘ of millions of space travelers that pepper the earth's atmos- phere each day, only five or six are big and solid enough to sur-

xrive the fiery fall. Their plunges i are seldom witnessed, aild speci-

\

malls of only 1,700 or so falls have been identified as meteor ites.

Yet meteorites have been col- liding with the earth since record- ed time. Ancient peoples revered them. Some archaic words for ir- on contain an allusion to the sky. The clack stone in Mecca’s Kan- ba sup-pposedly fell from the hea- vens but, because of its sacred nature has not been analyzed

Meteorites are found in all parts of the world. As they usually are named after the place or land- mark where they fell, a cata- logue of meteorites offers an exo- tic lesson in geography. For in- stance, there are the Git-Git (Nigeria), the Kota.-Kota (Nya-sa- land), the Social Circle (Geor- giav, and the Admire (Kansas). WERE SKEPTICAL

For many years scientists re- fused to accept that solid mat- ter could arrive on the earth from space. Those funny looking stones, they said, had simply been struck by lightning. A great shower of meteorites at Laigle. France, in 1803, ended the skep ticlsm. Scientific study started in earliest. but even now meteorites is a fairly new field.

The origin of meteorites is still controversial. Many experts be- lieve they originated in the solar system and once were part of solid bodies of perhaps planetary size.

Determining the age of meteo- rites will help pin down their ori-

' gin. Improved dating techniques

permit more precise measure- ment of radioactive elements

we have made.

Con-cer Still A Deadly Killer

By Herman N. Bundesen. MD.

EVEiRY day more than 100‘ American men, women and chil-1‘ dren are being saved from can-. cers that would have killed‘, them just ten years ago.

There’s a purpose in my 0311' ing attention to the great strides ‘n the battle against cancer at this particular time

The American Cancer Society this month embarked on a na-_ tion wide crusade to raise $30.- 000,000 to -speed the day when cancer no longer will be a men- ace.

WHAT DID YOU GET?

Most of you, I know, have con- tributed to cancer research in the past. And perhaps you would like to know just what you got for your money. '

'I‘hat question is fairly easy to -answer the money you contri- buted to this great organization paid off in human lives.

While statistics generally are pretty boring, I think you will find these interesting -- and heantening. 3 OTHER CATEGORIES

Let’s apply those 38,000 addi- tional lives we save each year to other categories of -fatalities.

For example, we could trans- late saving these lives as mean- ing fihe virtual elimination of mo- t-or vehicle deaths.

If we apply this number to oth- er diseases, irt would mean not a single death from polio, typ-

hoid, tuberculosis, diphtheria, dy- .