n: .<.hat\..»....’r..o:... ..

comma". abate Edam oftbe Colonial Ila-old.

- I have received a letter from Mr. David Hay- flb': ’vvho was formerly a Tenant on. one Earl of Selkirk’s Estates (New Wiltshrre), In Colony, which letter I forward to you for Insertion In ur paper. The writer is a practical farmer-.— he re honest, industrious, and worthy of credit. I-IIs intbrnntion, he states, is from personal observation. The letter, therefore, needs no recommendation, and without it it will doubtless be read WIth much

m by many of your readers. I am, Sir, Yours respectfblly. W. DOUSE. Charlottetown. Oct- 10th. 1340

Charlottetown, P. E. Island, 9th 023., 184').

Star—I was formerly a tenant under you, in the New Wilt- lhirs Settlemenq on the property of tho Eariof Selkirk In ti Island; and twelve montfhs aglqé frolm Salsausfaqtionf'vlitb

conditloo,' ' I disposed o In as 13 mares , wit a 3' to bdtcring my fortune in fhe United States of America. 15 tht land ofpromise, I accordingly went; but l am now nun-nod from it, with ideas greatly changed, both respect- hg that country and this Island. .

Although in purse much oorcr, I am returned something

than I was when I It: tyou. I have, indeed, paid ra- thr dearly for my increase of wisdom ; but, dear as it has cost me,l will not be so ungenerous as to withhold the benefit

of itfrom others amongst whom I mean to settle again, and ‘

who, as I was, are discontented in prosperity ; and, as I

I peso to beg ofyou to be so good as to place me upon ano- ther farm on the property under your management, I think it is due to you, in the first place, that I should lay before you my altered views and the fruits of my late expericncc, to he lode whatever use of you may think proper. Indctd, from m notice taken ofm departure from this Island, by a cor- respondent of the Cofonial Herald, in a letter inserted in that paper, September 21st, 1839, (the whole of which letter, ex- ,Qsptthe assertion that I was sent out to America at the ex- pulse ofmy Parish in England, is in the main substantially met) I think it would be well to give this admission .1! the following statement to the public, through the me- dium of the press.

Whilst in the United States, I travelled a good deal over the country in search of an advantageous situation in which to settle. In New Jersey farming is not so profitable as in this Island. The lands, in general, I found very rocky and very hot ; and no where, in that State, do I think the soil ca-

bio of producing more per acre than that of this Island.

ere, (I mean in P. E. Island) the farmer, cI'cn among stumps, can raise as much per acre, as can be done on most oftbe farms in New Jersey; and. what is more, be can do it with less labour. This I would fully explain, could I write with umuch ease as I can speak; and, in conversation, I shall be happy to do so to any of the unreasonably discon- tnted here with whom I may meet.

I Around Philadelphia, for a distance of about sixty miles, the country is in a state of high cultivation, and much like the finest agricultural counties of England; but neither is it any more than those English Counties, a country in which I poor man may think to settle comfortably down as an in-

t farmer. The price of land there is from one hun- dnd and fifty to two hundred dollars per acre. At a greater distance from Philadelphia, :1 poor man may do pretty well ; but, even at that distance from the city, I found no farmers better of than most of the agricultural settlers in this Island, of twelve or fifteen years standing. In what are called the hack settlements, the country, which is mountainous, has much iron and coal; but the soil is not suitable for the rar- Ier; and the roads there are so bad in the fall and the spring of the year, that, on them, three horses are not more than lufllclent to draw one horse load.

In Ohio, I found every thing abundant, and the cultivation good; but neither is it the country for a poor man. A cupi- hl of from £600 to £1000 would be necessary to enable a man to settle comfortably upon a farm there. The poor man must seek his settlement for back in the woods, where he may, very probably, be from 100 to 200 miles distant from a nil , and obliged to make use of two stones, about the size ofchsif bottoms, to make a mush of his grain for food. In such back settlements, the Government price of land is 10s. perlcrc, with credit for four years to a man who is very

poor; and, when a man has made a purchase of such land,

and become located, it is very llkt-ly he may find himself four or five hundred miles from a market, and be obliged to send his produce to one, on what is called “the halves ;” that is, to give one half oftbe proceeds to the person conveying it thither. Last winter, in Ohio, the price of wheat was 23. ~6d. and of Indian corn, ls. 3d. per bushel. »

Were it not that it would require a very long letter to de- tail all the observations I made while in the United States, you should have them without reserve ; but it may now serve the purpose'to say, that, although I by no means wish to un- derrate the character of those States, all I saw and heard whilst there tended to convince me, that it is certainlv not acountry yielding the advantages to a poor man, which I had been led to believe it; and I honestly declare that, in return- Iag to this Island, I have done so under the conviction that it is tihe best countq l have seen for the industrious agricul- tur st.

I forbear to speak of what I and my family suffered from fever and ague, in Newark, New Jersey; but I may say I consider the healthful climate of this Island as one of its very chief recommendations.

I am, Sir, Your obedient humble servant,

. DAVID Hus-ram. William Douse, Esquire, Ste. 5:0. 8:19. ' m

aficitufturrfazt.

( From Stewart‘s Stable Economy.) PRINCIPLES or FEEDING.

The principles of feeding are facts which influence and ought to regulate the practice of feeding. The word feeding refers to the man- ger food, given at intervals. not to the hay and odder, which is almost constantly within the horse’s reach.

People who are unacquainted with stable af- fairs make many blunders in the management of their horses, and particularly in feeding them. They reason too much from analogy. The rules which regulate their own diet are applied to that of the horse. Medical men are remarkable for this. A skilful surgeon expressed his conviction that stablemen are full of error and prejudice regarding the diet of horses. He said, ' I order my patients to live on plain food, on that which does not tempt excess; and I tell them to eat when they are hungry, and to desist when the

-are satisfied. It is thus I treat my horae,’ con- tinued he; ‘ I give him plain wholesome food, as much as he likes, and when he likes.’

This is scientifically absurd; it is a common way of speaking only with the ignorant. It might be a very good rule, if there were no food for the horse but grass, and none for man but bread. Hores may eat more grain, and men more beefthan their work requires; or the plain wholesome nourishment, as it is called, may not suffice for certain kinds of work. It is this, it is the work which renders care and system so necessary in the feeding of horses. Men have to work too, but very few have labour bearing any- resemblance to that of the horse, and those 50! are compelled to regulate their diet by rules

a:

i".

which are not known to the bulk of mankind. The” diver, the boxer, the runner. the wrestler, must not live like other men. The fermentable nature of the horse’s food, and the peculiar structure of his stomach which forbids yommon, and the abstinence from food and drink occa- sionally required by the work, are other circum- stances which demand particular attention to the mode of feeding. _

SLOW Wonx aids digestion, empties the bow- els, and sharpens the appetite. Hence It hap- pens that on Sunday night and Monday morning there are more castes of colic and founder, than during any other part oftbe week. Horses that

limited allowance of hay on Sunday; they have time to eat a great deal more than they want, and the torpid state of the stomach and bowels produced by a day ofidleness, renders an ad- ditional quantity very dangerous: .

By slow work, I mean that winch Is performed in a walk, not that which hurries the breathlug, or produces copious perspiration. The moderate exertion of which I speak, does not, as some might suppose, interfere with the digestlve pro- cess. It is attended with some waste; there 13 some expenditure of uutriment, and that seems ito excite activin in the digestive apparatus for the purpose of replacing the loss. Farm and cart horses are fed immediately before co-In- mencing their labour; and the appetite. wall which they return shows that the stomach Is not full; but,

DURING FAST WORK, digestion is suspended. Of this we have not indeed, any positive proof, but there is good reason for believing it. Irrthe general commotion excited by violent exertion, the stomach can hardly be in a favourable state for performing its duty. The blood circulates too rapidly to permit the formation of gastric juice, or its combination with the fbod; and, It may be, the blood and the nervous Influence are so exclusively concentrated and expended upon the muscular system, that none can be spared fbr carrying on the digestive process. But this is mere theory. It is better to appeal to facts.

The effects of fast work on a full stomach are well enough known among experienced horse- men. 'l‘he horse becomes sick, dull, and breath- less. He is unwilling, or unfit to proceed at his usual pace; and if urged onward, he quickly shows all the symptoms of over marking, to which I allude among the accidents of work. The effects are not always the same. Some- times the horse is simply overmarked, distressed by work that should not produce any distress. Some take colic, some are foundered, some broken winded. The most frequent result is ovcrmarking in combination with colic. Perhaps the colic, that is, the fernientation of food, begins before the horse is distressed. But, whether or not. distress is much aggravated by the colic.

These efi'ects are not entirely produced by indigestion. The difficulty of breathing may be ascribed to mere fullness of the stomach pressing upon the diaphragm, and encroaching upon the lungs, it prevents a full inspiration; and its weight, though not, perhaps, exceeding eight or nine pounds. must have considerable influence upon a horse that has to run at full speed, and even upon one that has to go for, though not so fast.

Some horses commence purging on the road, if fed directly before starting. They seem to get rid of the food, entirely, or partly; for these, which are generally light bilged horses, do not suffer so much, nor So often, from any oftbe evils connected with a full stomach. The pur- gation, however, often continues too long, and is often followed by great exhaustion. They should be kept short ofwnter on working days, I and they should have a large allowance ofhenns.

All work, then, which materially hurries the breathing, ought to be performed with an empty stomach. Coaching horses are usually fed from one to two hours before starting, and hay is withheld after the corn is eaten. Hunters are fed early in the morning; and I believe racers sometimes receive no food on running days till their work be over. Abstinence, however, must not be carried so far as to induce exhaustion be-

fore the work commences.

After FAST Wonx is concluded, it is a little while ere the stomach is in a condition to digest the food. Until thirst has been alloyed, and the system calmed, there is seldom any appetite. If the horse have fasted long, or be tempted by an article of which he is very fond, be may be induced to eat. But it is not rIght to let him; a mile does him no good, but a full feed does him harm. The stomach partaking oftbe general excitement, is not prepared ‘to receive the food. Fermentatiofi takes place, and the horse’s life is endangered; or the food lies in the stomach un- changed, and produces founder.

Food, then, is not to be given after work till the horse be cool, his breathing tranquil, and his pulse reduced to'its natural standard. By the two he is dressed and watered, he is generally ready for feeding. 7‘

SALT AND SPICBS AID Brannon—On

their food. When fatigued, tired off his foot,

y a handful of salt may be thrown among the

horse's corn. That will often induce him to eat It, and it‘will assist digestion, or at least render fermentation less likely to occur. Some, how- ever. Will not eat even with this inducement. Such may have a cordial ball, which in general produces an appetite in ten minutes.- -I am speaking of cases in which the horse has become cool, and those in which the work has not fever- ed him. The horse should always be cool be; fore food Is offered; and if his eye be red and pulse quick, cordials, salt, and theordinary food are all forbidden. The horse is fevered. ’ _Absrinence unusually prolonged is connected Ivuh indigestion, and it produces 'debility.

The Indigestion or Abstinence, may in some cases, was from snenftaebledcondition of .tbe

never want an appetite ought not to have an un-,

journey, of" after a severe day, horses often refuse '

h h fasted all day, he is very apt to have «harem: after he is fed at night. It happens very often. The voracious manner In which

cut mastication. and he often eats too much.

duty. The quantity, the quality, and the hurried

of colic, after a long fast, withoutsupposing that the stomach is weak. The appetlte seems to In- dicate that it is not. ' ,

The result may be prevented. Give_the horse food oerner. When prolonged absunence Is unavoidable, give him less than he Would eat. Divide the allowabce into two feeds, With an interval of at least one hour between each. In this way the appetite dies before the stomach Is overloaded. To prevent hurried Ingestion, gIve food that is not easily eaten. Boiled meat, after a long fast, is unsafe, and grain should be muted with chafl'. _ '

The chili'ty or Inam'tion of Abstinence. is denoted by dulness. The horse is languId, feeble, and inoffensive. Want of food tomes the very wildest; and sometimes vicious horses are purposely starved to quietness. The tIme a

his vigour, varies very much in different individ- uals. In some few it may depend upon pecu- liarity of form. Light-bellied, narrow-chested horses cannot afford to fast as long as those of round and large carcass. But in general, the power of fasting depends upon habit, the kind of food, and the condition) oftbe horse. When accustomed to receive his food only twice or thrice a-day, be can fast longer by an hour or two, without exhaustion, than when he is in the habit of eating four or five times. As a general rule, liable, however, to many exceptions, it may be held that a horse begins to get worse soon after his usual hour ofeating is past. gree and rapidity with which his vigour fails, depends upon his work and condition. If idle. or nearly so, for a day or two previous, he may miss two or three meals before exhaustion is apparent. Langour is probably felt sooner. If in low condition, he cannot fast long without weakness. He has nothing to spare. If his

abstinence so well as when it is all or partly bard.

Horses in daily and ordinary work should seldom fast more than three or four hours. They generally get corn four or five times a-day, and between the feeding hours they are permitted to eat hay; so that except during work, very few horses fast more than four hours. But some, such as hunters and racers, are often required to fast much longer. Hunters are sometimes out for more than. nine hours, and they go out with an empty stomach, or very little in it. The only evil arising from such prolonged abstinence is exhaustion, and among fast working horses that cannot be avoided. The work and the abstinence together may produce great exhaus- tion and depression, and the horse may require several days of rest to restore him. had been fed in the middle oflIis trying work,

dangerous than those arising from fast work on a full stomach.

The work which must be performed with an einpty stomach should be finished as soon as circumstances will permit. In order that the racer or hunter may have all the vigour he ought to have, his work should be over before absti- nence begins to produce debility. How long he must fast before he is fit to commence his task must depend upon the pace, the distance, and the. horse's condition. The stomach, after an ordinary meal of grain, is probably empty in about four hours. For a space of eight or ten mIles an hour it does not need to be empty; if the food he so far digested that it will not readily ferment, a little may remain in the stomach without rendering the horse unfit for exertion of this kind. Coaching horses, therefore, go to the road in from one to two hours after feeding. For a hunting pace, perhaps a digestion of two hours Will secure the food from fermentation; and In that time, after a moderate meal, the weight and bulk of the food which remains in the stomach will

not be full.

appetite. sometimes, kept too long without food b

. ' ut I have lItfle right to venture an opinion ,on the

fastmg produces exhaustion, and the distance they. run Is so short. nutrnnent is not so great.

to perform all that he could perform nence of only four or six hours. ‘

astlng without losin vi our and tha

hIm how to regulate ttfe diget oh the daytofiv'vlotrek" hen the distance is considerable or the

work requIrIng several hours of continhous ex-

ertion, the waste of nutrimentis greater than

d' estive apparatus. The stomach and bowels when th‘si (lli‘stautqzilqse

if srtake of the general lsngour and exhausmovel’, f" ‘ °F' Ion mud “w . J. fi‘odfand be in some measure unable to perform accordpslgliyt- to 1:8; hula“ “.1” 7' 3. the" “new”; b‘" mm” ""3" " pmr’ When laziestvill he be exhausted at the end of'n.

- .-A number i the horse feeds has something to do .with It. fine azfllgiuspfilugtghzméozzz'gu’ amonmfl ‘ devours his food In great haste, wuhout so on were the American minim". Dr. WM. - The sudden and forcible distension of the sto— E::::;°;nd6:li':$ificut;n’ on them A . mach probably renders It unable to perform Its last paid a visit to the Colossemnl'dm i V H A. us and ex erimcnta emoast : digestion of the food, account for the frequency :qu‘dsqlungpgrzty ML pirpku3 for appuin' I ‘1 pheric pressure to the purposes of agricul u 5“ well as a substitute for steam In pr - carriages on railways. . I prove available in practIce for either of . purposes, it will render the present a e the ‘ I remarkable in the annals of mankln , and? ' especially so if it should prove available " the varied purposes of field husbandry co plated by the inventor. It Is proposed to. ploy a stationary engine, worked by stea.,~ even a water-wheel, where available, to work. , air-pump or pumps to rarify the air in mains .fi pipes, to be laid underground, as Is done for , transmission of gas. and pipes diverge in all directions, from a cent for the transmission of gas, so may they be I ' from a stationary engine, working air-pa , along the headlands ofevery field, with valves ‘.

usual food be all or partly soft, he cannot hear the YorkShl’e Agricultural Sofie” "KN “ allerton, the followmg euloglum was prono « -

on thejunior members oftbe swinish multit V by H. S. Thompson, Esq. the toast of" The successful candidates fist," ' he saidz—The committee could not have ; ' me greater pleasure than by reserving for this toast, which I most gladly ) from the prince to the peasant, the grunt of

pig is rich in savoury recollections—[laugh —and you should all drink my toast with feel" ‘ ofthankfulness and gratitude. Mr. Childers “f alluded to the presence oftbe ladies in the I to-day; and (turning to the gallery) I mes appeal to them, ifthey were not moved to r ;, ration at the delicate. complexions and rounded forms of our swinisb beauties. But if he laughter.

respecte . he would have been unable to complete it. The eSteem' m every age’ from the first d. l’

evils arising from prolonged abstinence are less creatlpn.l° the We?“ day' The Patriarch held It In such high honour, that, to show.

respect, he called one of his sons Hans. ['