cere ans Hr te ROT SM , rivty i bik

FARMERS’ CONVENTION. Session at Hamilton. »" Address by Prof, Shuttleworth.

Excellent Paper by One of His Boys.

Interesting and Instructive Discussion | :n

enn Ce

(Summary Report).

NorwitdsTANDING a stormy and unpro- mising forenoon, there was 4 fairly large vathering of farmers, comprising the West- ern Agricultural Convention, st the large and ereditable new Hall in Hamilton, on the afternoon of Friday last. There was 4 good representation of the Simpsons, Ram-

: ’ . ha says, Sinclairs, etc., of Malpeque at d the surrounding districts, together with ex- Speaker Macdonald, 5. R. Black, Esq., of Searletown ; John Anderson, Esq., of Ken- sington ; Professor Shuttleworth, of Prince of Wales College : Mr. McLean, a stud ant of the College, and other gentlemen. Wal- ter Simpson, Esq., of Bay View, President of the Convention, occupied the chair.

Proressor SHCTTLEWORTH was asked to open the discussion, and delivered an inter- esting and time'y address. He referred to the establishment by the Local Government of a chair of Agricuiture in Prince of Wales College, said that one hundred and thirty- four students of the College are now re- ceiving instruction in agriculture] subjects, and pointed out the importance of the study of chemistry as a preliminary to the reception of a knowledge of Agricultural Chemistry, with a view to improved tillage It is not probable, he said, that nearly «i

who attend the agricultural classes in the College will go back to the farms. Most of them will, however, be-

come teachers, and as such, be enabled to impart their knowledge of agricultural chemistry toa younger generation. He was not without hope that classes of farm- ers sons, those whog intend to follow the honerable calling of their would ere long be formed, that practical ex- periments to illustrate and enforce the theories of the school wovld be conducted at the Government Farm in the vicinity, and that students would return to the farm ready aud willing and able to farm _practi- cally upon scientific lines. Thevry alone is net of much use. Practice must follow upon theory if a real improvement upon the present methods of agriculture is to be ob- tained ; and to this end a portion of the Government Farm should be allotted for the purpose of actual experiment in the ap- plication of fertilizers and the grewth of vrain and roots under different conditions \ change in the course of farming in this Province is, in his opinion, needed. Farm- ing here is from twelve to fifteen years be- hind farming in Ontario. The farms here, a8 # rule, produce oats, hay, wheat, roots and a few other things. To sell these raw products off the farm, year after year, is in the highest degree injurious to the land. There must be achange. We ought to de- velop the dairying interests of the Pro-

fathera,

vince, Heretofore, our cheese factories have been so few and the quantities pro- duced so small that we have net been able

to get it upon the market. The supply is so small that buyers have not deemed it worth their while to come here to purchase it. Bat in Ontario the cheese industry has developed to such an extent that thers are now about 690 cheese factories in the pro- vince, the average output of each of which is about $8,000 a year. Ontario cheese ranks among the best in the world, and there is no reason why cheese produced here should not rank equally high. Organ- ization is, however, needed. The estab lishment of a Dairymen’s Association would be a step in the right direction Farmers here should concentrate their energies and combine to further their own interests Their soil is now being exhausted They must try other methods. He would like to see advantage taken of the offer of Professor Kobertson to provide for the practical in- struction of three young men from the Is- land in the art of cheese-making, by having them placed in the best cheese factories of Ontario, and paid $10 a month while there. Professor Robertson had, when here, sug- gested the organization of a Provincial Dairymens Association, and had written letter after letter of enquiry concerning the steps taken by the farmers here to develop the dairy interests of this province. He hoped that an association would be formed ere long, and also that steps would be tak- en to improve and greatly increase our pro- ducts of matton and beef. Later on, he hoped to address the Convention brietly in respect to the culture of rape and the feed- ing of lambs for market.

Profeesor Shuttleworth then introduced to the Association his pupi! Mr. Mce- Lex». of Mo stagne,who read a well-written a dclarly reasoned psper on ** Soi fwater in its Relation to the Plant.” We hope to h we the pleasure, in the course of a few dys, of publishing this excellent paper in full; and we shall not, therefore, attempt an epitome of it. It was received with ap- plause.

Professor Shuttleworth said that he had heard from some one in the room an opin- iom respecting water in the soil very dif- ferent from that which he had tried to impress upon his pupils, and he would like to heara discussion upon the subject in order that, if wrong, he might be cor- rected.

Wa. MeNertt Simpson, Esq., said that he was bern and bred upon a soil so light that seven-eighths of it was declared by a geologist to be pure sand; but that he now tarms land part of which is pure brick clay. Contrary to the theory propounded by Professor Shuttleworth. he had found by experience that little or nothing grew upon this land during very dry seasons, and that, as compared with light soils on avavelly subsoils, it yielded, in dry seasons, less hay,and less grain, and less grass. He had observed that the heavy soil cracks in dry seasons, and the plants do not flourish. Mr. Simpson vaid a high compliment to Mr. McLean, whose paper had been listened to with the closest attention, and said that he would like to see every young farmer in

the country conversant with the principles |

of chemistry as applicable to agriculture. He was fully impressed with the fact that the farmers of this Province, as a class, ‘must farm differently. There is no doubt whaiever that the system here-

me

/

| de‘er.oration « f our soils.

i M ine

“ " . = Se 7 = LRH = Sens ; a . z - - DAILY EXAMINERS <*. 3 tofore followed has resulted in. the pe |

It is a fact, too, ‘that we do not make or export so much of ‘the products of the dairy a8 we did twenty Our cattle have, for the most been bred for beef rather than for If we decide to organize for the | purpose of developing our dairy interests | we shall have, first ofall, to make a change | we shall have to try to obtain

years ago.

| par

jin our cows : a i ‘ . |" a ’ cve- ithe milking strains. There is encourage

ment in the great success which — has

| marked the efforts of the farmers of Den- 'mark. The exports of butter from Den- i mark have risen five hundred per cent Im | Danish farmers now - supply ritish markets with the best kinds of

butter. Yet the soilof Denmark is com- | paratively a poor soil. We should have to consider, before going extensively into the dairy business not ouly the questions of breeding improved strains of milking cattle apd improved methods of butter and cheese making, but also the question of feed. much hay or such

a few years.

We have not now so

good pasturage as we had years sgo. Can we substitute ensilage / The efforts to grow corn in this Prov-

ince have not invariably proved successful. Lhe foundation of a Dairymen’s Association would probably be a move in the right direc- [nformation and iustrnetion are needed by the farmers. It might be well to organize and work the matter up. The organization if farmers in the United States has proved to be at least politically successful. It is hard why farmers here should not obtain the advantages which spring from organizition. Some of our farmers have done wel! in recent years. They are not yet in such a bad state as many of their fellow workers in the United States. He had some- where seen a statement which set forth that the farms of the States had not, on the whole, in the past three years, yielded one per cent. on the capital invested in them, that the wages of farmers there were not equal to those of the common laborers and We are not so badly off. There farms here as there ere in Farming will pay ere, if followed and prosecuted on proper

tion.

‘

to. O 68ee the

ite

artisans. are no deserted

and other states,

lines. Mistakes have, in the past, undoubtedly be made. Ourfathers used to think when any of them had a bright intelligent son,

that he must bea minister or a doctor or a lawyer, and go to college and part his hair in the middl>,—while if any one had a particu. larly stupid boy, the decision was “Oh he'll do weli eneagh for the farm.” (Laughter ) Lhis was one of the mistakes to be avoided in the future. We need intelligence on the farms. Before resuming bis seat Mr. Simpson said that he had been requesicd to ask Professor Shuitleworth’s opinion concerning the effect upon agriculture ia thiis Province yf starch factories.

(TO BE CONTINUED. )

—_

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

The Mayoralty.

Sirn,—lI am sorry to see the name of Mr. F. T. Newbery among those who ask Mr. Haviland to allow himself te be a candidate for the Mayoralty at the coming civic elec- tion, and this, not because have any ob- jections to the gentleman last named (for I have always voted for him and will prob- ably do so again if the suggestion I am now waking should not be acted upon) but be- eause lam sure Mr. Newbery would be the more popular man with all parties in the community. Mr. Haviland has long eujoyed the confidence of the citizens, aud in my opinion this would be a fitting time for him to give placb to another, and so allow the executive ability of other of our prominent citizens to be put te the test and recognized. I further think that Mr. Newbery possesses all the faculties and witts for the office, and [ know there is no man in Charlottetown with the interests of progress end of the good of the city more

at heart. Even while a _private citizen he has always taken an interest in matters relating to the wel-

fare of the city,—an -interest greater than that displayed by those in oftice, and this should be recognized and scope given to Mr. Newbery to still further exercise this interest and ability. Lastly, Mr. Newbery would certainly be a favorite with ail the community, for electors holding different opinions upon the question of temperance would cast them aside and repose equal faith in the candidate I now suggest, while the mass of the people would wel- come Mr. Newbery, knowing hin to be a man of the working people, and having facil- lities for bettering their condition in many Ways. | very sincerely hope that some influential citizens will ask Mr. New- bery to offer at the coming election; and, since the meeting which made a simi- lar request to Mr. Haviland was an infor- mal, unrepresentative and private one, there would be no indelicacy in Mr. New- bery becoming a candidate, nor any disloy- alty in Mr. Haviland gracefully withdraw- ing for any one of the reasons which I have mentioned above. UNANIMITY.

tee

Supreme Court.

Jan. 17.

John O'Connell vs. Wm. Welsh, King’s County —An action on account. Verdict for plaintiff. A. A. McLean for plaintiff; Ha:- zard for defendant.

Margaret J. Wares vs. Daniel W. Hen- derson—-Action for the recovery of money paid by plaintiff to defendant for Seott Act fine, which money, the plaintiff alleges, was not paid over to the magistrates who tried the case, as it was intended it should he. This case is now before the Court. Hasz:rd for plaintiff; Morson for defendant,

The Grand Jury were discharged last evening. Previous to their discharge they visited the Hospital for the Insane, the Poor Hcuse and the Jai), which institutions they report as being well kept and miaia- tained. The Jury suggested in their re- port that the Legislature take prompt acticn in the matter of prohibiting the indis- criminate use of firearms.

he ———__-—_ 9 +@+e

FREIGHT FROM Gkuneeeowy The Stanley has made a trip every day this weck and has tuken about thirty car loads of freigh» t-omy Georgetown the last four trips. We are ac- vised that the railway are again receiving freight for shipment by this route,

>_>. ——

istanD Horsrs.--The Sun says: A car- load of Prince Edward Island horees were forwarded from here yesterday by the

Canadian Pacitic railway for British Colum- | bia. The Percheron Staliion Judge, which attracted considerable attention at the ex-

hibition here last fall, was among the num- ber. '

1 this Province, now writes the follow- which THE Ex- for the in-

A gentleman from — resident in San Antonio, ing descriptive letter, wh auiner is permitted to publish formation of its readers :

‘© One of the most difficult things to do on paper is to give a right account of a new country, so thatall who read may have a tree conception of the locality described. While I sit on the verandah, where the Madeira vine is growing over the hammock upon which I sit, the cacti and musquite (muskeet) tree growing in abundance near by, 1 try to realize a country covered with snow and girdled with ice (if one can realize a thing so extrome), the warmth so congenial here that you need very light clothing. To-day is much as the winter days are in this ‘* sunset” land, where the cotton and sugat cane grows, the orange and banana.

**San Antonio, a town on the frontier, where the headquarters of the military de- partment of Texas is stationed, is rapidly It is well located, with every

growing. facility for capitalists. It is just the place for anyone to come who

would grow up with a city, andone which is destined to be great. Its health-giving qual- ities are very great; numbers come here who have been given up by their physi- sicians, and are benefitted, Modern im- provements are coming in. The electric cars are already here, and will take you to the extreme ends of the city for five cents. The river San Antoino runs nearly north and south, intersecting the city, passing through its business centre. Bridges of course span this river, in twelve places at present, and those are at the most pro- minent streets. The houses are built of varivus materials. The San Geromino (san peranimo) a stone almost wholly composed of magnesia, having no sand and very little limestone; this is used for public buildings, It makes a handsome appearance; age im- proves it. Many of the houses are built of brick, both red and white, also of wood; the latter is preferable. The soil here when wet, makes a paste somewhat like putty; when dried it is hard and shaley and ofa grey color, The cacti which are nu- merous, are something,wonderful to my un- educated eyes, and to know that it makes food for cattle after the needles have been burnt, and the plant or leaf has been made into a pulp, is interesting.

in the adjacent country are innumerable lumber mills. ‘Lhe cypress is used mostly for shingles ; white pine and oak for floor- ing ; the musquite for street paving, a very durable wood, much more so than cedar. It would take too much time to go into de- tails about the different woods growing here. The umbrella or chinaberry tree is the shade tree. Just now the folage is dead, but the musquite grows all the year roand, se also do the vegetables. There ie quite a number of churches here, sev- eral Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Metho- dist, Episcopalian and Baptist. All are busy working churches. The Y.M.C. A. is active and has a fine reading room and gymnasium. There are fourteen associa- tions in this state. A travelling secretary is kept busy and the young stranger is well looked after. Stillthereis a large space for more earnest christian workers.

‘‘All messengers, police, mail-carrriers, &e., go on horse back. The small Texas pony is in great demand. The cattle are mostiy small You cannot walk into town in. safety for cows are in every avenue and byway. There are three railway depots, about a mile apart in this city of thirty-six syuare miles; if any- thing could keepa city down that would; energetic men are interested, and no doubt wil: soon have a Union Depot. such as in Philadelphia and other well organized cities. This certainly is fast becoming a great centre.

‘*‘The curse of the world is here in all available corners, You can see in large letters on the darkest night, ever through the car windows, as you go through the streets, written in large type, ‘Beer Saloon,’ ‘Wines and Liquors’; and the doors of these gate- ways to everlasting torment stand open night and day, not exempting the Sabbath—shows are exhibited outside the city on the Lord’s Day too. All of these things which are not in accordance with the voiced command of God will tail, and they who have to do with euch rebellion will be destroyed.

‘I have just taken up from the table where write, the North Amzrican Review for January, in which I find quite an interesting

item about this city.”

LECTURE.

T OUIS H. DAVIES, Q.C., M. P., will A lecture before the Epworth League, in the Basement of the Methodist; Church, on TUESDAY NIGHT, the 20th instant, at 8 o'clock.

Subject. '' A Visit to my Fatherland,”

Admission, 10 cents. janl7—3i

Charlottetown Board of Trade,

HE adjourned General Quarterly and An- nual Meeting of this Corporation will be |

held at the Board Room, Cameren Block, on | WEDNESDAY EVENING, the 2ist inst., | at 8 o'clock, The Council §will meet at 7.30! o'clock.

B. D. HIGGS, Secretary.

FOR SALE. —

A CANINET ORGAN, Bell's, nearly new, ~ eleven stops. Would do for a smalj Church. Will be sold at a large discount on piice. Also—A Double-Seated Sleigh.

R. K. JOST,

janl7—tl dte

janl7—eod tf pat

FOR SALE. 10

QUINTALS PRIME CODFISH, 600 Pound Boxes FIGs, | Ton PRESSED HAY. W. J. BOsWALL,

i 11 Queen Street, jaw? —dy li wy li

REPORTER WANTED. We ra reas iy tees

act in the capacity of Reporter on the Dail A good opening. Apply at once, =

GUARDIAN OFFICE.

jenl6—2i

»

- YATURDAY, | :

NC ANN

— oo a

ONG: :

JANUARY 37 181

. Sadan cil steal tame ni Hel NI eM tn, Na Sih atte i. iis ah So ETS TS en erent

All Goods on SECOND FLOOR to be closed out at once,

» ; Par . to make room for Carpenters, Plasterers and Painters.

a ge en + eget cae cncimata es. incense LOL AL LOLI A en en ae neat ~~

Carpets and Oil Cloths,

Blankets

——_—— A ND-—————

Mantles and Millinery,

Call

OS. STARTLING BARGAIN}

ae eed

Ladies’ Ulsters and Jackets, As- trakan Jackets, Children’s Ulsters. A lot came late and will have to be slaughtered.

TERMS CASH.

Sacrifice.

Great

at (a8

Wien’s Overcoats, Mens Fur Coats, Boys’ Overcoats. We want to clear our tables of these goods, and they will have to go regardless of price.

Our Second Floor is one of the

best lighted rooms m the city, and

ou can see well what you are uying.

somnnasecaineni —(x)--—-— ome

HARRIS & STEWART.

Charlottetown, Jan. 7, 1891.

Citizens’ Mecting| NOTICE

. ; : . 3 S HEREBY GIVEN that the Annual N compliance with a Resolution of the City | : ce Council and a Requisition of City Coun- | Tur Yen cag or = ee of cillors, I do call a Pubiic Meeting of Citizens} +42 PXaMineR Publishing Company will be dn ha ald tn te | held at the office of Tut Examiner News. p*per, on WEDNESDAY, the 28th January, inst.. at the hour of Eight o'clock in the MARKET HALLD, cveung. oasis

W. A. F. SCOTT,

Secretary.

Woizestay Me, 2st ot Jamar DISSOLUTION OF Pal NASH?

AT 8 O'CLOCK, P. M.,

janld

; ‘2 partnership between the undersigned,

as Barristers and Attorneys, under the

style of PALMER & McLEOP, having ter-

e minated by lapse of time, is dissolved f:om T. HEATH HAVILAND, _ | this date. .

Mayor of Charlabtetewn. Dated at Charlottetown, the 31st

Deceinber, A, D., 1890. Mayor's Office, Jan. 17, 1891—3i

WOOD FOR SALE, =

Wf. J. PALMER, naa AMTOLLOm.

to take such steps as may be decided upon to raise fands for the procuring of firewood tor the poor.

day of

D. C. MeLEOD, jan7—all Island prs dy 3w wky 2m

NOTICE.

re ee eee,

Fifty Acres of Hard and Seft Weed for sale Ou St Peter's Road, Lot 34. only four mies

7" undersigned have entered into partner- from Charlotie:own.

_ Ship as Attorneys and Solicitors, under tle name of

M. & D, GC McLEOD,

a ee

0 BE SOLD BY AUCTION, on WED. NE*DAY, 2ist January, 18@1, at 1] /@nd continue the practice of the profession at @. m., on the land adjoining the Farm of Wi). | the offices of the late firm, Bank of Nova liam Miller, Esq, St. Peter’s Road, Lot 34, | Scotia Building, Charlottstown, P. E. I about 60 acres of standing wood, consisting of a splendid growth of hardwood (beech, maple, birch,) and a heavy growth of spruce, suitable for scantling, fence poles, etc,

The above wood wiil be sold in quarter and half acre lots. The sale will begia at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, sharp,

Terms cash, or approved joint notes at three (3) months.

Should the day prove stormy, the sale will take place the following day.

A. 5. WARBURTON, _jan7—dy and wky

MALCOLM McLEOD, D. C. McLEOD,

Charlottetown, Jan. 2, 1891. jan7—all Island pra dy 3w wky 2m

H. JAMES PALMER,

(of the late Firm of Palmer & McLeod),

Barrister and Attorney-at-Law, NOTARY PUBLIC, &e. OFFICE—O 'Halloran’s Building, next door

to Bank of Nova Seotia. Money to Loan. jan,

WANTED IMMEDIATELY.—A general ser. vant who understands plain cooking. Ap ply at this office, d4i—jani4

WANTED.—A girl for general housework in a ja

Ss anal family. Apply at this oftice.

at once. ;:

§

rae

PHILHARMONIC SOCIET}

es ¢ @es @

——WILL BE GIVEN——

ON THURSDAY,

Sth of February,

In Philharmonic Hall,

MENDELSSOHN’S —

a

ui Fie

janl7—sat tu thu

“ds <a

bly Cuan

2 publication of the ‘DAILY GUAR. — DIAN" wiil be resumed about SALUR, DAY NEXT, as

A Morning Paper.

The aim of the publishers will be to place a bright, newsy, independent journal. contain- ing the latest Local and Telegraphic News, en the breakfast tables of the Citiz:ns of Charlottetown, The price will be only $4 00 per year. Intending subscribers § will please send their names in at once, Advertising at moderate rates, %. D. HIGGS, Editor and Manager.

Ch'town, Jan. 17, 1891—2i eod WOOD! WING to the scarcity of Coal I have

( started a Wood Yard, and am prepared to supply Hardwood at a reasonable price, cut up to suit stoves, and delivered to all

points in the city. A. DOWN, Pownal W harf.

Settlement to Dec. dist, 1890, We eens a settlement of all accounts the end eee Iai debece ea pr

take notice and save us trouble and them selves expense, .

NORTO™M & FENNELL janld4d—dw 3w patdw3w her sum jour

WANTS, LOST, FOUND é¢

_

WOOD!

janl3—tf

FP

— poemennapangena aa a ee

OR SALK.—A nice Rnilding Lot at head of - _ Alley Street. near Prince street, sitnated 0B high ground and in good locality, near Prince Sireet Church aud School. Price low #4 terms casy. Apvly to GEORGE ALLEY, janz a pe WANTED.-A quantity of Softwood, by He

" cord, at St.am Navigation Co's. W hart. Janl. —2i

et

Por SALE --A nice round-beck Sleigh, hight * and suitable to speed a fas! horse in or duit ing arovnd town, Made by a good builder. be seen at W.C. Ticr’s, next to Fish Marke’ Grafton Street, 3i eud—janli mame

WASTED TO. PURCHASE-—A Dwelling

House ia Charlottetown, Party ha such to dispose of fer cash will »ddress, Incation and jrice, “Howard,” P. O. ; -

City. Ed WANTED. A girl to do general housework Apply to Mrs. Geo. Coon, Fitzroy Stree East. tf—jan'6 ee WANT®D —A Servant Gil.

Apply st TH HX AMIYER office. janb)

(PO LET.—A well-farnished Front Room i8® convfortasle house on the north side ¢ Hir'sborough Square, with board. Suitable 3° commodation. Apply at this office. 1w—jams UST —A_ black and tan colored beaule, 1 inches high, was Icst a few days @e™ ©

suits ble rev ard wiil be offered for his recovert+ Apply to ARTHUR G. Peake, iw janie