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THE EXAMINER

MONDAY, PORENGON,

subsidies given to boats to run to wae

1S PUBLISHED EVER) and Murray Harbor, and more frequently

to Crapaud. Bk TEE

EX miner Printing & Publishing Co. OFFICE: Corner Queen and King Streets. TERMS —Per Annum, $1.62, if CLUB RATES, Tur Exantner will b«

abs at the fouliowing rates per year—pay- There is ove reform. more radical than aeut strictly in advance -—

1 richt to be thus specially considered.

the Poor House, Jail, and Lunatic

to

paid

2 e- al

tions will be aniounced by the Govern-

drwenied ment during this Session

to

any we have mentioned, for which pub-

Those parts of the country | in St. Patrick's Hall on Friday evening not directly benefitted by the railway have | last, was certainly one of the most in-|

| more than half full.

| }

6 copies one address ° 8 7.00 ve acl * sop lic opinion is hardly yet prepared, but | 15“ “ 17.00 | which, we are confident, needs only to be — 20.00

better understood to be carried; and that is that Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and P.E Island should form one province.

Clubs may be made up at any time, but not for a shorter period than one year

ADVERTI SMENTS—

Until further notice, Advertisements will be inserted at the following rates :-—

the Charlottetown conference (which,

transferred to Quebec, produced the Con-

: square, one insertion, 1.00 federation Scheme) met in 1864. We Sach Continuation, 00.25 : " > Special Notices, * per line,” - - oni | 7 that we shall not long see three pro-

vinees, which, together, do not equal in area or population the one Province of Ontario, burdened with three Lieut. Gov- ernors and six legislative bodies. ‘“ We are too much governed.”’

AN IMPORTANT MATTER.

AT the last term of the Supreme Court in Charlottetown, Thomas Mattock was sentenced to eight years imprisonment with hard labor,—a deserved punishment —for he had been convicted of one of the

/most serious crimes kaown to the law. But this sentence cannot be carried out. _ So insufficient are our Juil arrangements, ‘that that part of the sentence which im- poses hard labor is a dead letter ; and this man is sent to spend in complete idleness the period of his imprisonment. This is | Wrong, in two ways. It makes his pun- ishment too easy in one respect, while in

ACCOUNTS RENDERED

for subscriptions, Ist Decembey, in each year; for stancing advertisements etc.,1st Jane, and 1st December, in each year; for transient advertisemcnuts—when ordered our.

ALL LETTERS sent by maii should he | addressed ‘* Examiner Printing and Pub. | lishing Company.” Lock Drawer, 72, POST OFFICE, Chariottetown.

Che Exaniner.

Ch’town, February 23, 1874.

REFORM!

TaE approaching session of our Loca] Legislature will in many respects, be an important one. The first that will have assembled since Confederation, it will find itself relieved from many duties which previously claimed its attention ; and so will have more time to devote to those which remain. We consider that | one great advantage which a Federal possesses Legislative Union is that the former has, the Local Parliament, bodies much more able to deal with local questions than could a general Legislature, which would soon be

hardened reprobate would be rendered /more completely demoralized by EIGHT "YEARS OF ENFORCED IDLENESS in a place | with such imperfect discipline as our | County Jail. To anyone who will think of it, the condemning a man, with no in—

over a

in

overwhelmed—as is the case with | period of idling, will be seen to be a sort the British Parliament---were it re-} of moral murder.

quired toattend to all loesl wants. Our But, really, this is no case at all for im- own little Parliament has, then, to suit| prisonment in any County Jail, however

itself to its uew position ; and we trust | well arranged. It is a case for a peni-

that unusual vigor in the administration | tentiary; and that the Dominion Govern- ’ ’ ? i . .

of our local affuirs, the result of ment must provide. This man should,

its deliberations. We wish to call public | as soon as possible, be transferred to one

attention to some reforms which we hope

will b

We pass over the two most i»portant, viz, the Land and School Questions, as both of those are now before the public, and our own views on both have been decidedly expressed. | We will say nothing more on these uutil |

them

toon to see accomplished. vinees, neither of which, we believe, is /fa'l. While he rem»iog here, he is a charge to this Province; there, the ex- pense would be borne by the Dominion,— as it ought to be. It will probably be some time before a penitentiary is built here. Until that isdone, one of the others should be used. We urge upon the Government the propriety of at once bringing this matter before the authorities at Ottawa, and effecting some arrange- No time should be lost, as pro- bably legislation both here and at Ottawa is needed before a criminal can be re- | moved to another Province; and this and both these respects our pul lic auisins | shader eases should be provided for in diture might be more economical, The | the coming Sessions.

expense of our Legislature is too great.| A short time ago, while commenting A sccond Chamber is now quite useless | upon the state of our Jail, we said that The large province of Ontario has only | the imperfect discipline was the cause of one House; and with the supervision | daring criminal acts in the past, and that the right of vetoing Acts ofthe Local} would encourage crime for the future. Parliament gives the General Government, The audacious attempt at incendriaism on one is quite sufficient for any Province- | last Wednesday night is an unhappy cor- Let us then do away with the Upper! roboration of what we thea wrote; and House. The Lower might very well be; we fear it will not be the last. When reduced to twenty four—the number at shall we learn that a community which If neces | neglects its most imperative duties will | most certainly pay heavy penalties for House might be secured by providing | such neglect?

that the only salaried officils in it should | be the Colonis] Secretary, Attorney Gen- |

the Government policy 4! is | known.

Now is the best time to consider how, most economicaljy, to use the resources at our disposal. True economy avoids both wastefuloess and meanness. It pays for nothing uonecessarily,~it pays well for what is necessary; and so secures a | good article. It appears to us that in |

‘out

ment.

which it stood some years «go. sary, the independence of this smaller

Ta

ENGLISH POLITICS,

THE people of Great Britain have con- demned the policy of Gladstone ; and he : has resigned. According to the Times citor Geueral s office might now be _the new Ministry are as follows: Disraeli, abolished. Not long the Attorney First Lord of the Treasury ; Lord Cairns, General did all the work. The saving Lord Chancellor ; Earl, Derby, Secretary

era!. and Commissioner of Crown Lands; | and reducing the Executive Couneil to seven. We shou'd think that the Soli

ago

eee aieaend, renghly ectunied, weet of State for Foreigu Affairs; Earl Rieh- a of Legislative Coun: en mond, Secretary of War; Lord Ralihnry, Expenses of six members Hous acl Secretary of India; Lord Carnarvoo, Seteus af tetas General, * $649 Secretary of State for the Colonies; Mr. sa.000 | Hunt, Home Department i Gathorne The money thus saved should be ap- Hardy, First Lord of Admiralty; Sir

Stafford Northeote, Chancellor of the maining officials. All our public officers | Bashequer. The eimes under iadiliven

: : 1. | final result of the elections may be exactly are miserably underpaid. The

salaries } i f il Cc . 351 ‘ , States as OLLOWS : onservatives ws 5 were fixed at a time when the cost of ’ , ;

, ; i Rulers, 301. f living was about half what it now is. | is : : : i these 466 were elected after a contest. There are business men in this town who

: ~—-=> pay more to their clerks than the salaries of

plied to increase the salaries of the re

Liberals and Home

Ta Last “ Penny Reapines ” o¥ 1HB Sea- the Heads of Departments cost the Govern- | sox,—St. Peter’s Boy’s School on Tuesday mevt. There is always a jealousy about evening last, was filled to its utmost capa- a Government proposing an increase of city, by an appreciative audience, who evinced a lively interest in the proceedings until the close, although the entertainment was considerably longer than usual. The programme was full, rich, and ably render~ ed, making the entertainment ‘ par excel-

the pay of its officers; but the salaries are pow so absurdly low, that we do not thiok any reasonable person would object to their being especially if | all need ess expenditures, such as we have

increased

fence’ (the eventof the season. it was as pointed out above, were discontinued. | ¢9,10Ws -— We trust that true economy will be con— teading “Federigo and the Falcon, ” Hon.

H. Havilaod. Song, “ Kate O'Shane ,, Miss Gertrude Des- Brisay. ‘God bless the little Church around the corner’ Mr J. E. Haszard. Waltz song, “L’Ardit, "Miss Palmer Readiog,‘ A Tale of the Olden Days, Rev. G. W. Hodgson. Song, ‘ The forging of the Anchor’ Mr. E. R, Burwood eadiog, ‘The legend of Hall’

Rev. Joho Ellis:

Chorus; ‘ Stars above us Shine’ Company.

Soog, ‘ Angels teil us of our loved ones’ Miss Dunno.

Readieg, A.Ward among the Shakers,’ P. S. Macgowan, Esq.

Solo, instrumental, ‘A Fantasy Prot. Earle:

Duett, ‘Fly, Teuder Birdling,’ Mrs. Breckeo

and Miss Palmer.

Reading and Song, ‘The Gambler's Wife,’

Mr. Kinnear. Chorus, Gipsy’s Chorus’ Company’

Reading, Alladin, or the Wonderful Scamp, ’

hev. Mr.Eilis; the entertainment then cleused with theNational Authem.

In noticing to-day the last of the series of pleasant entertainments in connection with St Peter’s Church, with which we have been favoured during the last two

winters, we feel that too much cannot be engiveer (ot course a professional civilen- | P i a — ” ot a ee vee ee giveer) for the whole Island, would direct ring es See ie eects. 1c woald be cccontial thet Gentlemen by whose exertions to cater to

: \ h usement of our citizens, the ‘ Read. these officers should be permanent; and * co ‘

' f jngs’ has been rendered so successful. We they should be paid good sa aries. They _ observe, by the way, that , Penny Readings ° would sive twice over, perhaps ten times

have been introduced into Halifax,and other over, what they would cost, of our Provincial cities ; but to St. Peter’, As ail ferries from one province to congregation belongs the honor of inaugurat_ another are under the control of the Gen- ; ing them on this side of the Atlantic. eral Goveroment, we are left free to pay J Paris they take their codsliver oil in attention to steam cOmmunication in owr bread. Three hundred loaves being used own waters, We bope to see 1 steamer daily iu the children’s hospitals alone.

sulted in both these ways.

Those rulers will deserve well of the country who will break up the present system of road expenditure, and devise an efficient one. The present system is rotten and corrupt, expensive and inefhi cient, and always will be so while the of- i fice of Road Commissioner is looked upon as a convenient gift toa political partizan, who has a much greater desire to make | We are happily rid of the swarm of Small | Debt Commissiouers; now let us be rid of the Road Commissioners. The sub- | ject is too important 4o be discussed in a general article such 25 this; but perhaps | the leading features in any improved sys-_ tem would be, that the Board of Works | would be responsible for the expenditure of the road grants; and that au inspector for each County, and perhaps also a chief

Sung

x

Locksby

money out of it than anything else,

another it is too severe; as even the most |

It will be remembered that to discuss this |

|

| | | j | | j

i j

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tellectual resources, to such a lengthened | identical with itself, making the tottering

' ciple within us; no one will assert that we

i . . . . . | | the pesitentaries in the neighboring Pro- |

| | } |

THE HUMAN SOUL,

| '

Tue subject of Dr. O’Brien’s lecture

teresting that can be imagined. Yet the|

: We have called attention so frequently audience was not large—the Hall was nes |

We must own to

Asylum, and the shameful condition of | feelings of surprise and disappointment | these is matter of such public notoriety, 0D entering the lecture room, for (we | that we need not do more than a'lude to ®2asoned) if acompany of professional “ nig- them, feeling confident that some change | £2? minstrels,” or even a number of in the management of all these institu-| amateur readews and singers, atiract a

large audience in Charlottetown, surely the people will flock en masse to hear the eloquent Dr. O’Brien discourse upon the ‘ Human Soul ’—‘ the standard of the man.” P, R. Bowers, Esq., oceupied the chair, and introduced the lecturer. Dr. O’Brien briefly alluded to the science of metaphysics, and then spoke as fol- lows :—

An ancient Philospher is said to have given expression to the sentiment, “ Know thyself,’ aud to have considered it a most important knowledge. And truly it is most important. For what would it avail us to know the history of nations, the deeds of renowned leaders, the changes of empires, the huge mass of celestial bodies, with their wonderful order and celerity of motion, if, at ths same time, we were ignorant of the nature of our soul, its condition, its origin and its end? Hence it is a study worthy of man to endeavor to know himself, both in amoral and a metaphysical sense. It is not, however, an easy matter for man to know himself; the Greeks called man a ‘ Mikrokos- mos,’ or ‘ littie world,’ inasmuch as his won- derful structure exhibited, in a small mass, the greatest marvels of visible creation. It is not my intention to consider the sensible part of man, viz., his body; I will rather speak of his immaterial part—his soul. Sup- pose that a man knew no truth at all; still, on reflection, one part would present itself to bim in such a manner as to make him cer- tain of one thing atleast. He would be cer- tain that there was within himself a some- thing,—a principle we will call it,—which felt, perceived, willed. He would be con- scious that there was but one such subject, or principle, in himself; because he would find that it was the one same thing which felt, thought and willed. He would not say, «I think, but another ‘1’ wills;’ no, it would be the one same ‘1° that did ail three. Moreover, he would be certain, that although he had various and changing affections, still the subject of these was always identical. Itis the same ‘I’ who thinks to-day as thought yesterday, or a year ago. I am one and the same; my feelings, my thoughts and my wishes succeed one another in rapid succes- sion, but still there is within me the same subject of these which changes not; it is, as it were, the stationary screen on which the fleeting images of a magic lantern appear and vanish, and are followed by others. Now, that principle, or subject within us of | feeling, thought and will, which is always

man of eighty recognies himself as the same with the boy who years ago chased butter- flies in midsummer, is nothing more or less than the soul. No one can, for a moment, think of denying that there is such a prin-

each have two. It is now clear what we mean by the human soul; it is the principle of will, thoucht, and feeling whieh each one is conscious of possessing. We will now proceed to show the nature of that principle ; or, in other words, we will prove that the soul is a substance distinct and different from the body.

We take as a fact admitted by all that there is in man a principle, or subject of thought, feeling and will. Now, this prins ciple must be a substance; for amidst all the | change of feeling, all the succession of} thought, all the wild play of passions, there is asomething which is the subject of these, and which remains unchanged, identical with itself from childhood to old age—from the dawn of life to the sundow of the tomb. Now, this principle is what we call the soul. Therefore, our own consciences, and the ad- mission of ali others, prove that the soul ex- ists,and that it is asubsiance. Bearin mind that lam going to proceed step by step in my proofs; I first establish the undeniable | fact of the existence and substantiality of a principle in man which I call his soul. Even those who deny the immortality of the soul, or its distinction and diversity from the body, must admit the existence of this principle. I will not advance one assertion without its canvincing proof; 1 will dislodge inch by | inch, by the inexorable force of reasoning, Materialists from their fancied strongholds, | and scatter them in wild dismay, like a flock | of bats whirling blindly away from the pre- | sence ofa blazing light.

Taking now, as demonstrated, that the | soul is a substance we will prove that it} is simple, or, in other words, that it has no physical parts. The soul perceives, or has | an idea of a triangle, for instance. Now, | the subject of this perception, or idea, is | either simple or compound. If you admit it | to be simple, then we have all we want at! present, viz.,a subject of thought devoid of | physical parts, or a simple soul. If you say | that it is compcund, then we will reason | thus’ A compound substance can only have | a representation of an object by one part of | it being represented on one part of Lhe subs | ject, and another on another; but no one} part will have the whole representation. It would be like the representation ofa triangle in a lookingsglass. Now, if you say that the | soul is compound, it will have a certain number of parts. In that case, when we perceive atriangle, either there will be aj} representation of it inonly one of the ten | parts, or part of it will be in each part of the soul, or the whole representation will be in each of the ten parts. You must choose one of these three hypothesis; no other one can | be imagined. Now, if you take the first one, | viz., that the representation is in only one of the ten parts of which you say the soul is composed, you admit that there is in man | a simple substance which is the subject of) perception, for it has the idea of a triangle. | Now, this will be the soul; the other nine} parts will be only the organs of sense at the most ; fherefore, in this supposition, the soul is simple. If you take the second hypothe- sis, Viz., that there is a part of the represen- tation in each part of the soul, then no part will have the representation of the whole, and consequently there will be nothing with- in us which will say I perceive a triangle. | Each of the ten parts of which you suppose | tbe soul to be composed, would perceive a | tenth part of the triangle; but since these parts are supposed to be really distinct, no one single subject could have an idea of the whole figure. But we are intimately con- vinced that there is in us’ a subject which perceives the whole; therefore, this second supposition cannot be admitted. To make this more clear, imagine a mirrer endowed with tbe faculty of perception. If you place an object in front of it, there will be a repre- sentation of it in the glass; but there is only a part of the representation on each part of the glass; no one part hasthe whole. Hence there would be nothing in the mirror which could boast of perceiving the entire figure The same would be the case with the soul were it composed of physical parts. There remains, then, the third supposition, viz., that the whole repsesentation of the triangle would be in each part of the soul. If you adopt this hypothesis, you concede us more than we want; we only ask you to admit one simple soul, and you concede us ten. Because each part having a full perception, would be acomplete principle of intelligence, and, consequently, a soul. We are fully conscious, however that the subject in us which perceives, is only one. Therefore, neither of these suppositions would favor Materialists. The first one would favor us; the two last are absurd. Now, since no other supposition can be made, in case the | soul were considered as physically composed, the invincible conclusion of this argument | from reason is, that the principle in us which perceives, is a substance having no physical parts, or, in other words, that our soul is a simple substance.

j

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Various proofs, equally decisive, could be added. I will briefly notice another one: When a person chooses anything, there are two faculties engaged in the act,—intelli- gence and will. Thus, if you look ata ripe peach, your intelligence apprehends that it is mature end palatable; and the will resolves to pluck and eat it. Now these two faculties —intel!igence and will—must be in the same subject; because we are certain that the self~same subject, which apprehended the de- liciousness of the blooming peach, is the very one that resolved to cull it from its na- tive tree. Now, if the soul were not simple, these two facultie~ could not be entire in any part of it; or if they were that part would be the simple soul. Either then, you must ad- mit the soul to bea simple substance, or you must say that intelligence and will are not, in their entirety, in any one subject within us; but to say this latter, would be to fly in the face of one’s most intimate convictions. Therefore, the former must be admitted, viz: tbe simplicity of the soul. .

Again, we have an idea of truth, justice other abstract things, The idea of these

| parts in the idea of truth, the soul which has

| ities, such as being, right, justice, &c.

| simple spiritual substance, distinct from the

| or because their intelligence has become al-

| its pleasure and thus acts upon it: the body |

is manifestly simple. Now, the soul which has this idea must, likewise, be simple; be- cause a physically compound subject could only perceive in accordance with its nature, —that is, parts by parts. There being no

is the result. Sleep is a partial cessation of the commerce between body and soul, rest is needful for the fatigued muscles and sinews, and for the harrassed fibres of the brain, but it is not necessary fora soul. The body be- ing composite tends to dissolution ; the vari- | ous forms of disease arise from a dissolution setting inin some part of the system. The whole art of medicine consists in giving such drugs as tend to stay the dissolution of the parts, or to restore the waste that may have | taken place If this be not done the process of decay goes on; sometimes quickly, some- times slowly according as the producing cause is more or Jess virulent. One by one the organs may become so affected that the soul can no longer make use of them, at length the vital ones give w y, the pulse beats no more,the action of the heartis stilled, the commerce between soul and body is ren- dered impossible, the individual dies. The body moulders in dust because physically compound ; the soul being simple and spirit- ual cannot corrupt. It retains its faculties of mind and will. It lives in another order of things; it receives the reward of its virtuous deeds, or it suffers the punishment of its wickedness.

It would be interesting and instructive to pursue this subject of the human soul still further ; to prove frora reason the liberty of the will and the immortality of the soul itself. But this would requie more time than can be at present devoted to it. I would that our young men studied well logic and metaphys- ics; without them one can neither be a good reasoner nor a deep thinker. The miserable sophisms that are flaunted in our faces for arguments, the grotesque theories regarding religion’ and politics which many delve frem their brains would then mislead none, God would be apprehended as the Supreme Ruler of the universe; the Creator of all; the one who by reason of his infinite perfections re— wards every good action and punishes every bad one. His provicential care wou!d be re- cognized, as would, also, be the necessity of observing whatever he commanded. 1 wish to make here a remark, in vindication of the truth; itis net done for any offensive purpose. You all know how often and per- sistently the charges are brought against the Catholic Church, cf debasing reason, of favos- img ignorance. Of course we all know from the fact, that the greatest literary Institutions were founded by her, and from the fact that the greatest Philosophers were her devout children, that this charge is malicious and groundless. But, perhaps, all do not know that in the time of Leo X, towards the end of what emply-headed, conceited scrilbblers who know nothing of history, designate as the dark ages, our Holy Church in Ecumeni- cal Council assembled, vindicated the dignity of reason agatnst its revilers. We read in Labbie’s Acts of theCouncils(Tom. XIV, page 187), that all teachers of Philosophy in uni- versities, should refute the errors of any authority read, regarding the immorality and unity of the soul, the eternity of the world and similar errors, since, so ihe words read, “these are all soluble.” Is this debasing, or exalting human reason? And when the Vatican Council, about four years ago detin- ed that reason could, of itself, know the existence of God, was it debasing or eanobl- ingit? The truth is, that the Catholic Church being guided as she is by the spirlt of God, could not assign reason a wrong place, She condemned those who detracted from its power, and she condemns those who with equal unreasonableness claim for it too much. She does not fear its progress, nor the results of its investigation ; she promotes the first, and accepts the second if they be logically arrived at from true premises, She it was who during the sixteenth century solemnly declared thatthe truth cannot be opposed to truth ; whilst about the same time Luther was making the monstrous assertion that a thing may be true in Theoldgy, and false Philosophy’

It is time, my friends, to end my speech, although much might still be said on this subject. thus summed up: the principle within us that thinks, feels and wills, is what we call the human soul—a gubstance physically simple, and hence incorruptible. It is like- wise spiritual, that is, it is endowed with mind and will, and can exercise those inde- pendently of corporal organs; hence it can live after the dissolution of the body. The soul is created immediately by God; by reason of its spirituality it would spurn the grovelling vices that grow, like dank weeds thick and fast in a stagnant pool, but being

this idea must, of necessity, be simple.

Having now established that the soul is a simple substance, we will make another step in advance and prove that it is spiritual, that is, that it can exercise its faculties with- out the aid of corporealorgans. Our soul has ideas which are purely abstract,—that is, ideas of things which have no sensible qual- Now, it is evident that the soul has these without the aid of corporeal organs. For it is a phil» osophic axiom that the ‘“‘manner of acting follows the manner of existing ;" or, a thing acts in accordance with its nature. Hence, sensible organs can be aflected only by sens sible things. But abstract ideas have no sensible qualities,—their objects are derived of physical properties; consequently they cannot affect corporeal organs. Since, then, the soul has the ideas of objects which can~ not affect the sensorial organs, it follows that the soul can exercise its faculty of intelligence without the aid of the body. It is, therefore, spiritual.

More than this, the will can be exercised against that which the senses desire. A man, subjected to torture because he will not deny his principles, isan example. The sensorial organs are affected by the fire; a deep feeling of pain is excited in the soul; the sensible part of man yearns to Jeap from the flames and to sacrifice to the gods rather than endure the torments. But the soul says, ‘No, never; I am satisfied to suffer. Never will I abandon my faith.’ Here we find the soul exercising its faculty of will against the cravings of the corporeal organs. This faculty must, then, be indeperdent of the body. We have thus the legitimate con- clusion that our soul is spiritual. We have already shown it to be a substance, and to be simple; hence we have demonstrated what we assumed, viz: that the human soul is a simple and spiritual substance. Now, since all bodies are necessarily physically com- pound, the inevitable conclusion is that our soul is a substance distinct and different from our body.

Some may say, ‘“ Why employ so much time in proving this? After all, it isonly a dry metaphysical question.” True, it is a metaphysical question, butit is neither dry nor uninteresting. Moreover, it is replete with great social and religious principles. If the soul were not simple and spiritual the will would not be free, and consequently there would be no differenee between acts of vice and virtue; if it were not simple and spiritual it would not be immortal, and, as a consequence, there would be no hel to fear, no heaven to gain; our final end would be in this world. We would be creatures of a brief span, doomed to flutter out a moth-like existence amid the false glare of woridly res nown, and then to sink into nothing, like the veriest mote that sports a one~day life in the sunshine.

Dreary and unlovable doctrine of materi- alism—that chills the yearnings of future bliss —that checks the generous impulses of hero ism, and restrains the lofty flights of intel- lect, is all that would remain. We pity the blindness, the debasement of those who bow in servile fear before a sculptured God ; but is not the intellectuai darkness of the materialist as great, perhaps greater ? And there are men who pretend to be cultivated, who lay pretensions to vast literary acquire- ments, who sneer at the ignorance of the middle ages, who do not blush to assert that there is nought in man except the gross material body that is palpable and visible. Hence we have deemed it well to demon - strate, Leyond the possibility of doubt, that in man there is, besides the sorpora! part, a

body, different in nature from it, incorrupt— able, and endowed with intelligence and will. It can exercise these faculties without the aid of corporal organ and consequently when its tabernacle of clay is dissolved it can still live, act and receive, merit res ward or condign punishment. Uniess a man is prepared to abdicate his reason he cannot deny this. But unhappily in our age we are in too great a hurry: even as you will see men putting on their coat as they are rushing from their house, so too they will quit educational establishments before their mind is fully clothed with the armor of truth. Dollars and cents are the objects in view; if they can read, wilhout stammer- ing, trashy novels and sickening love-tales, and calculate interest with tolerable ease, they fancy that they are educated and straightway they begin life.

ifthey have not received a good morai train- ing, they giue way at once to debasing pas- sions; the light of intellect becomes clouded : faith has either never been possessed, or has been renouncéd. Like dumb animals, they are content with animal pleasures. Finally, either to banish the fear that haunts them,

ed more or less, to give way to those and to

fruit, but which in reality is bitter aloes. Think upon the dignity of your soul, made a partaker of the Divine intelligence ; ens deavour to develop by natural and superna- tural truth your mind, and to train your will in the ways of virtue. Excess in eating or drinking, or the indulgence of the passions, clouds the intellect and degrades the man. Avoid those if you would consult the true nobility of your nature; practice virtue if ou desire happiness and understanding. yithin a few years at most, the body of which you are so careful, the face whose

most entirely darkened, they admit nothing in man, except flesh and bone, fibres and muscles. Others, again, considering the wonderful structure of the human body, sec- ing its net-work of delicate fibres, all tending to the brain, are lost in amaze at its harmony of design and disposition of parts, and think that it is sufficient to explain all the thonghts, feelings and affections of man. Had such persons studied metaphysics, they would have learned that it is impossible for ma- terial substanees, no matter how delicate they may be, to think, feel or reason. Since truth can never be opposed to truth, that which metaphysics evidently demonstrates cannot, by any possibility, be opposed to any fact made known by anatomy. There may be an apparent contradiction, but it cannot be real. Now, there are certain physiological facts which seem to be opposed to whal we | ——

have said of the soul. Insanity, for instance, | lux New Decness or Epviyssurca.—Mars a ~~ a —- of the sr on Twian inis Jnnocents Abread, thus deser bes the brain, or from a diseased organ, or from | > a other causes. Since the soul is the principle the Duchess of Ednburgh, as che apyenres of reason, it appears difficult to see how the | About seven years ago. “During the Im- reason could be affected by a vitiated organ. | perial reception whoever chose stepped We kave two undoubted facts: first, the | forward and spoke with the modest little | soul is simple and spiritual; second, insan- niin i ee Site diene ity might be caused by a physical disorder, | Grand Duchess Marie, the Czar's daugh- | They appear to clash; what is to be done?| ter. ‘he is fourteen years old, light A sensible man would not deny either of | haired, blue-eyed, unassuming and pretty.”’ them ; he would seek to reconcile them; and | Fther on, the historian says of the Grand

if he couid not succeed, he would humbly profess his ignorance, and recognize the | Duches, ‘She has no hee's on her shoes.

limitation of his intellect. Butan unlearned|* * * * and proud person, not wishing us to think that Lhere was anything beyond his compres hension, would deny the existence of the soul, and untie the knot by ignoring it. We can, however, easily reconcile these two facts, the one of psychology, the other of physiology. God, in creating man, ordained that he should be a being composed of a material pody and an immortal soul, so united, that from their union there should arise an individual en- dowed with the light of reason, and liberty of will. This individual would have a tend- ency both to sensible and inteilectual good | by reason of his two natures; yet his reason, being the nobler, should guide and moderate, within due limits, the tendency to earthly | things; whilst the will being free should choose the right and, assisted by divine grace, should merit eternal happiness. The soul was thus pre-ordained to a union with the body, and the body was pre-disposed for this union. A mutual commerce, or reciprocity of action, materially exists between the body and soul in the individual. Of itself, the body is a beautiful piece of mechanism ; sym- metrically proportioned, artistically fashion- ed. But it is without motion—an inert mass. Imagine the body of Adam fresh from the hand of God that fashioned it, stretched out on its kindred clay. You may admire its noble brow, its well-cut lip, its chiselled parian cheek, its delicate nostril, its raven locks, Tis a beautiful, yet sad sight, for the brow is cold, the lips are motionless, the cheeks are ashy; the eyes are vacant. Now imagine you are watching the Almighty breathing in- | to it the spirit of life, that is the infusing into ita soul. How suddenly, how glorious the change! Warmth comes to the brow, motion to the lips, color to the cheeks ; the nostrils

component parts; but your soul will survive this wreck. Lighter than air, swifier than a mountain eagle, it will be in the presence of its maker. Justice, stern

wards God, eternal exile from his presence will be his doom; if it labored for his glory here and fulfilled its duties, it will enjoy through endless ages the fruition of the beatific vision.

its earthly wanderings past, there will suc- ceed a never-ending day of perfect

bliss

I was glad to observe that she | wore her own hair, plaitel inthick braids | against the back of her head, instead of 'the uncomely thing they call wat>rfall which is about as much like « waterfall as acanvass-covered ham is like a cataract. Taking the kind expression that is in the Emperor's face and the gentleness that is in his young daughter's into consideration, I wonder if it would not tax the Czar's firm- ness to the utmost to condemn a suppli - cating wretch to misery in the wastes of Si- beria if she pleaded for him. Every time their eyes met I saw more and more what a | power that weak, diffident school girl could wield if she chose to do it. Many and many a time she might rule the autocrat of Rus~ sia, whose lightest word is law to seveniy millions of human beings. She was only a girl and she looked like a thousand others I have seen, but never a girl produced in me such anovel and peculiar interest before. A strange new sensation is a rare thing in this humdrum life, and { had it here.’’ i sa Ronnery.—On Monday night the building on the corner of Queen and Kent Streets, known as “Carter's Confectionery,’ was burglariously enatred and nearly $2°0worth of groce:ies carryed away. From the uuck on the street opposite the shop it is evident dilate with the play of emotions; the light of | that the sweet-mouthed thief was intent | intelligence gleams in the eye. Life and | ypon buisness, and had provided himesif | motion are seen where before there were only | Se : stillness and death, the mechanism of the | With @ horse and s!eigh. The sleigh s tracks | body is set in motion: the muscles contract, | have been followed on the Malpeque Road |