-. ,\ g ' .i v ‘ J, ’ ‘ . - «do: (contours! .mgrag. 3::— r Witt fag-a ‘ THE GREAT FLOOD IN THE MISSISSIPPL glass tumbler is then fillZdaiiiith‘di-vuted sulphuric acid. safe than that of ordinary ciphers used for} thy)“ g’tlI'p‘ose. Ericasee‘s. fig,“ et. gin. .: ::::~ :22; .31: ;,_ - .. .fl : :44 y ' . I . . .L B . O l. .ts w." n t} ermit us ‘0 er an I lI‘l’I el’ eacrip- as poe ry g n "u 1,, The Lanny (Claycoumy) manger“ Mun-32L“ June, and then the small cup filled ivith pure nitric acir __eing nr imi, l o p g y :

.,°_“.‘""}'~es the rise in the Missourihat that time, to be five «daet higher than it was in 1826, or has ever been known $5.10 he by the oldest settlers. The Pioneer continues: f“; The aggregate of injury is so great that we need not -,.spend time in rycouating cases of individual 'sulEriug.‘ ‘In this county filone it iscoutputed sixty families". from " 'Browu’s and Cooley’s bottoms, are, at this moment, many ‘ ofthem iii want of the very necessaries oflife, and all of‘ 'flhem labouring under ggeat almost irregiefitble "iosses. ‘ . . 1 2 an gentleman yesterday, gave us a vivid description of the'iefl'ects ofthe flood in the Sand Hill prairie, lying in amid; county, between Camden'a'nd Lexington. On one ",o'fthe highest of the hillswhich are scattered over this rairie which he went to last Sunday iii acanoe, after a borious trip against thejto’werful current, he saw a col- lection as varied almost q’i’ihat contained iiitNoah s ark ; men, women, children, horses, oxen arid cattle of every description, rabbits, squirrels, sheep, hogs, and even rep- files, (for they killed a copperheadwhile he was there,) were gathered together in fellowship by the instinct of self preservation, common to~brute as well as to mart. The lowing ofthe frightened cattle, the iteiglung of horses, the strange mixture of animals, Wlltl and tame— tlll seeming to have forgotten the habits of nature, and looking to the human countenance for safety; the'deep anxiety and agitation ofthe rational part of this singu- lar congregation on the Sabbath, and amid that wild scene of desolation, left an impression on his mind, as our informant says, which he will not soon forget, but which is not easy to describe. While he was there, he saw on a neighbouring hill about thirty head of sheep, already half under water, seeming by their loud bleating and motions to be conscious oftlieir fate; and numbers of their stock, hogs,.&c. floating by dead, or swimming from hill, or rather from island to Isl‘yd, or drifting on logs or fallen timber. 4

Below Greenville. metthree men on two horses, up” to their armpits in the midst ofa strong current. With great ‘difiiculty, one of them with the horses, was taken on 'board, and landed at Greenvilleywnhout ’charge; the others were taken ofi'bv a canoe which came at the same time from the shore. These men had been in the water three days, and the legs of one of them had suffered a good deal front it. - O

The Lexington Express, of the 19th, contains the fol- lowing particulars :— ' .

The river is ten feet higher, plump water, than it was in l826, and full thirty feet above the low water mark. The current is exceedingly rapid, running at least ten miles per hour. The bottoms rtorth and smith of the main channel of the stream are entirely inundat d, the water in some places being ten_or fifteen feet deep, and a strong current from blufl'to blu . bearing ofl'every thing r'noveable. The river now preents one of the most ma- jestic scenes that we‘ever loolied upon. The water is from five to six miles wide opposite this place.

Millionsofdollars will not cover the loss of property which has been sustained by this flood. In the bottom

’ opposite this place, some of the most valuable and most beautiful fartns in the state have been rendered Worthless, at least for several years. All the fencing has been siVPpt away. Hundreds of horses, mules, cattle, Logs, sheep, &c. have been lost. The farmers rtear the bluffs have no doubt saved much of their property. The principle reason why so much stock was drowned is the fact that the land near the bluffs is lowertlian that near the river, and as the water rises it covers those lower grounds be- fore it does the farms, and thus cuts off all retreat, un- less it is by swimming. The present rise has been very rapid, averaging about three feet. every twenty-four hours. '

The Alton Telegraph, of the 24th June, says :--The Mississippi is now higher than it has ever been since the firSt settlement ofthe state. The Missouri is equallyliigh, if not higher; and having broken into the former river at and below Portage des Sioux, about eight miles above this place, its yellow water now forms nearly one third of the mighty stream'which is rushing past our landing, contrasting strongly with the bluish appearance of the Mississippi. '

"0f the damage done, it is impossible to offer any esti- mate. It is incalculalile. On the Missouri, from Wes- tom to the mouth, the bottoms are generally inundated the crops destroyed, the cattle, sheep, hogs, 6w. drown— ed —and the inhabitants have been compelled to abandon their dwellings, many of which have been sweptaway, in order to take refuge on the hiin lands, or in steam or flat boats. The same is the case with the Missis:ippi, the Illinois, and their tributaries; and the whole ofthe great “ American Bottom,” frotn this point to Cairo, con- taining about 288,000 acres of the finest land in the world, some of which is in a high state ofcnltivation, is believed to be under water, and. perhaps, nearly ruined.

As one among many instances of the height to which

the 'water had attained, we quote the following:

A Steamer in a City—The Cincinnati Commercial of the 29th ult. states that the steamboat Belle Air, on her l.i.~t trip from St. Louis, run through the town of Chester, below St. Louis, passing over some ofthe house tops. In her course she ran into a brick house and de- molished it?! About one square below, she ran into a stoma house, shipping an immense quantity (fistones on her ‘ooiv, tearing off her guard from the bow. to the wheel- ..mnse, and demolishing her kitchen, besides doing much other damage. One man was knocked overboard, but finally saved.

a (Fran the Ballimore Patriot.) MORSE'S ELECTRO LIA—GNETIC TELEGRAPH.

A yariety of statements in reference to the peculiar construction and morlus aperandt' of this wonderful and admirable machine, now in successful operation between ll tltiutore and Washington, have been published in'va- rious journals throughout the U. States.-——Many of these descriptions conveyed but a partial and inaccurate idea of the Telegraph as it really is, and some of them have led to positive error. That the curious and scientific may have ajust conception of this admirable and as- tounding triumph of art, we have collected facts from sources alone to be relied on, arid prepared the followig statement: ' '

The generator ofthe Galvanic fluid consists of fifty glass tuvu’ilerq ofthe size in common use, in which is a zinc hollow cylinder reaching from the top to the bottom rifztht} glut-s. and almost filling it up.—Froni the top of the zinc cylinder projects an horizontal arm ofthe same metal, citemling two inches beyond,to which is soldered platinum liiii. 3. l~2 inches long and halfan inch wide, and‘ lidi‘tgs"i'crtically from the end of tlie'arm.‘ [In the hollow ofthe zinc cylinder is placed a small porous cup

_ whole series.

,ttire, of the size of common bell wire, extending to Bal— timore, upon poles 25‘ feet high and 2525 feet apart Here

thus prepared,- tlie platinum of one glass is put into'the small porous cnp'of the other, and so on through the The last glas's at one end of the rowiha's its platinum soldered .to a strip of copper, which termi- nates in,a Ct)ng mercury iii the same manner asthe other eiid.-7'{'hese two ends constitute the negative and j)risitiy,opoles ofthe battery, which is at Washington.

,, «From one of these cups of mercury proceeds a copper

it entersthe Telegraph office, and passes around first one prong of a bar ofiron, bent in the form ofa horse-shore; and front that, around the other prong, and then the wire returns to Washington upon the same poles as the other. At Washington the return wire is soldered to a slim flattened slip of brass, one end of which is fastened upon a pedestal, and the other end, with an ivory button upon it,‘ stands over a brass plate of the size of a: five cent piece, without touching it. To the under side of the brass plate is soldered a wire which extends to the other pole of the battery. The battery being now really for action.’you have but to place your finger upon the key and press ft until it touches tl e brass plate I)I!I0\V, and instantly the galvanic fluid flies its 80 miles. Take off the pressure of your finger and instantly the fiiiid has ceased to flow. ,

We have alluded to the bar ofirou bent in the form ofa horse-shoe at Baltimore, around which the main wires are coiled. It is perhaps not generally known, that ifa bar of soft iron is encircled with copper wire wound with some insulating substance like bonnet wire, and a current ofgalvanic fluid passed through the wires thus surrounding the iron, it becomes instantly a magnet. If, the current is made to cease, that instant the magnetism oftheiron is gone. If over the ends of the two prongs of the bar of iron, where it projects bflond the coils of wire around it, a small flatfined straight’ar of similar soft iron is placed, being hung upon one end of a lever, and the lever supported delicately upon pivots, so as to rise and fall—it is clear that whenever the bent iron is made a magnet, the iron directly over it, upon the lever, will be attracted down with considerable force. The lever recedes when the magnetism is destroyed by meatis ofa spring. On the other end of this lever are three steel points pointing upwards, and directly over them is a steel roller with grooves turned in it, corresponding to the three points, so that when they strike the roller by the power ofthe magnet, each oftliem falls Into its groove. I Between the three points and the steel roller, the paper passes, at an uniforui rate, being drawn along by tWo rollers, connected with the clock work, which is driven by a weight. The paper is in rolls l4 inches in diameter, and I I-2 inch wide, forming a ribbon ofa continuous length. This roll is placed upon a spool which turns easily upon its axis in front of the pen, as the paper is drawn off by the movement. of the clock work. 'The Alphabet is as follows:

A B c u E F a; u 1 Y E TC it “it 0 ft? 711—. it" s"z _ “_ m“ .—_N-U:li-ERALS. l 2 4 5 a_6'-'b «‘7‘» uc‘g‘. so“; '_ ’3 _ ‘Ve liiive w-Th: bang; and key—mt Washington,

the wires from \Vasliington to Biltiuiore, and the mag- net and writing apparatus at Baltimore. At every touch of the key atW'Vasliiugton tipon the plate below, however rapid, the fluid passes and ceases to pass to Baltimore and back. At every passage ofth fiuid,tlie pen, by the attraction of the iron bar to the ends ofthe aiisignet, is brought tip against the paper with such force as to in- dent it, and instantly recedes—so that the paper moving over the pen receives a succession of dots, and an inter- mediate space. By holding the key (low-n a little longer, a line is marked upon the paper. By this means. at the option of the operator at Washington, dots, spaces, and lines of any combination are made upon the paper in Baltimore with perfect ease. At Washington the ope- rator desires to inform his correspondeufl Baltimore that “ Senate is in Executive Session.” flExpress thus: Sen. Ex. Sess. With the key he makes 8 rapid touches upon the brass plate, which at Baltimore notifies the at- tendant that a message is about to be sent, by the ring- itig ofa bell, which motion is produced in tliehame way as that for moving the pen. He then goes on to make dots in rapid succession, with spaces between them, a longer space, a dot . a longer space, a line, space an dot, thus written Sen. then follows by the same mode the dots, spaces, longer spach and fines to finish the sentence . . . —— "Ex. . . . . .. . sess- After the sentence is completed, the sanfiapid s -cession of 8 dots are made, to signify that it is finisheg The clock work which moves the papii‘liih sta by the writer at Washington, by his removihg, thro “the agency of a lever moved by the magnet,a break falling iipott a smooth roller oii the little fly ofthe clock train— aud is stopped after the end of the message has run out three inches fr he pen, by the break s 'alling u too the roller throathe action ofthe clock w k itseflf We have now described how messages may be sent from Washington to Baltimore, and it niay'be asked how is auaiiswer returned? Imagine the same machinery as has now been described reversed, with the exception that there is no battery in Baltimore, and the whole ts complete for sending and receiving communications, either'way. ’ ' ‘ ’ 0 We have said that from one of the poles ofthe battery in Washington a Wire‘ extends to Baltimore, dthere encircling the ir0n bar, returns to 'Washingibn. * e re- turn wue is not absolutely necessary. ' i ‘

¥

Fromthe first~commencementof the woifing o’ the telegrap at Baltimore, but one ofthe tvires upori the

poles has been used. Tge wire instead ,ofgoiug b k

the same dimensions is buried in th front which a wire is taken and soldered tgitlre key—so

thatthe fluid "*els upon one. wire from Washington to Baltimore, an returnuto Washington through the

e cellar ofthe Capitos

earth as its” Conductor. Professor Morse has his alp

. habet so air a ’ square board, ,hm‘by draw, I "ged “P0n a

. tag a. slidr‘, one letter is sub- stituted for another, thus changing throughout the com- mon alphabet. . By this means a merchant in New York may write to his correspondent in Philadelphia, without the possdiility of its being intelligible to I.

. . . one exce t the. individual to whom it is dildressedg" ' ot even ‘1 die writer upon the instrument at New Yorker the attend-

flueednchus-long and 1 L4 incl) in diameter.‘ Tha

not in Philadelphia can decipher it.

:not recurd‘ its communications.

'appear in sight to note them down.

tion of other plans which Prof. M. has for condensing much‘ in a little, when long communications are sent. This beautiful and wonderful invention was inade_‘iy PrrifiMorse,in .1832fiveyears before anything ofthe kind was known in Europe. The Electric Telegraph now used in England, and invented by Prof. Wheatstorie, does The attendant is obli- ged to wait the movement of several magnetic needles upon which arethe letters of the alphabet, and as they If one should es- cape his eye, it is lost and cannot be recalled. There- fore the superior advantages of Morse‘s ElectroMagnetic Telegraph in recording its intelligence, Without even the attendance of any one,‘can be easily appreciated.

“ RHINE AND THE RHINELANDERS.”

BY ALEXANDER DUMAS.

Blackivoodls Magazine for May has an interesting notice oftliis new work of/the Fre‘ncli poet and dramatist. Among the extracts is the following droll account of his entrance into Rlienish Prussia. After being robbed by the iiin-keeperot Liege, he gets into the Aix-la-Chapelle diligence; and, on reading the printed ticket that has been given to him at the Coach office, finds that he has the fourth seat, and that he is forbidden to change places- with his neighbors, even by mutual consent.

"I‘his military sort of strictness, still more than the abominable jargon ofthe postilion, made me aware that I was about to enter the dominiotts of King Frederick William. As I had a corner ofthe coach, the tyranny of his Prussian Majesty was tolerably endurable, and I soon tell fast asleep. About three in the morning. jUSl as the day was breaking, I awoke, and found that the diligence was standing still. [at first thought ihere was an accident, and put rnv ltead out of the window to see what was the matter. No accident had happened : no other coach was near—the road was excellent. We were alone and motionless. I took my ticket out of my pocket, read it front one end to the other, and having satisfied myselfthat I was not forbidden to speak in the diligence, I asked my neighbor if we had been standing there long. - ‘ About twenty minutes,’ was the answer.-

‘ And pray,’ continued I, “can you tell me what we are doing here 1’

‘ We are waiting.’

‘ Ah! we are waiting. And for what 7’

‘ For the time.’

‘ What time ’I’

‘ The time at which we are. allowed to arrive.’ ‘ There is a time fixed for arriving, then 1’

‘ Every thing is fixed in Prussia.’

‘ And ifwe arrived before the time 'I’

‘ The conductor would be punished.’

‘ And ifafter ?' f

‘ He would also be punished.’

‘ Ali! that is very well arranged.’

‘ EVeiy thing is well arranged in Prussia..'

I bowed assentingly. Not for the world would I have contradicted a gentleman possessed of such an exalted opinion of his country and its institutions, and who an- swered my questions so coiirteously and |aconically.-— My acquiescence appeared tygratify him. Ifelt encou- raged, and continued my enquiries.

‘ Pardon me, sir, but at w'hatgttour ought the diligence to arrive at Kix-la-Chapellc ?’ ' ” A A

‘ At twenty five minutes to five.’

‘ But if the conductor’s watch were slow ’l’

‘ His watch cantiiever be slow.’

‘ Indeed! And why so ’l’

‘ Opposite to where he sits, and under lock and kev, there is a watch which is regulated before starting bv the clock of the coach office. The conductor knows at what liour he should pass through each town arid vil- lage on his route, and he ma 1 tilious hurry,“ slacken their pace accordingly, so as to arrive tit Aix; la-Cliapelle exactly at the right time.’ _

‘ But with these precautions, how is it that we are ob- liged to wait on the road 'l'

‘ The Conductor has doubtless followed your example, and slept, and the pustilions have taken advantaae of

at to go quicker.’ " a

' Well, since we have sotne time to remain here, I will get out and stretch my legs a little.’

‘ It is not allowed to get out of thE diligence in Prus- sia.’

‘Indeed l that is very agreeable- I wish parti-

bid him cha

‘ Our great Schiller adoretithat dish ‘Our tastes differ, then. have no 0 'ecfio . liam Tell or 'Wallenstein, but—take: ’3wa ’23:

“[‘he waitercarried off the wildboar; méamjmif‘l tasted the beef.and prunes, but to do more‘ than “a, H“ was out ofthe question; and, when the man returne , I nge my plate. His astonishment wag 8,33,," litan ever." ‘ ,

QfJWhat !’ cried he, ‘ does not monsieiir like beef itde

ome‘et Sllt peppor,’ ’ .

‘ Certainly, sir. It is made with butter, rggs, salt: n pepper! ' ‘ " '

‘Andwhat else?’

‘ A “He flrittr.’

‘ And lr-sirles 'l’

‘ A little cheese.’

‘ Go on.‘

‘ Sotne sa‘fron.’

‘ And then 7'

‘ Cloves, nttmeg, and a little thyme.’

‘Enough, enough! take away your omelet.' B

Perhaps our tenders have never heard of the origin- " thefamily name or Prince Metteruich of Austria. 'x, Dumas gives it as follows :— ‘

The family it ‘ ie, we are informed, was origin - Metter, but rece d the addition of the last syllable the following irianrier. .

“ In one ofthe great battles of the fifteenth con 7

ruld be niafip with butter, eggs. "ll-o W.

t:

9

flight, with the exc‘gption of one man, who stood ground, and defended himself gallantly. till he fell Q“, vered with wounds. The Emperor inquired his new; it was Matter. That night at supper the Empermnfi:

Metter m'c/it.’ Every hwy knows that r mom. is“. 1

German for not. The family adopted the addiriOnalh Lg

lable, arid hence the (fighxof the name of Metternfiéjr w Here is an anecdote of e Headsman of Heidel " The Heidelberg executioner is noble by ri‘m,“

descent. The origin of his family nobility is given

M. Dumas, as follows: . , ,.,

‘ The evening of the day on which King 14105;“ ;_

it.

at the town- hall, at which . the empress was prueég Among the guests was a cavolier drvssed, etttrrelyd. f black, and having his face covered with a hla’cltrtiilskt’. He invited the empress to damn; she accepted, A“ ‘ while they were dancing together, anothtr mask pro-wth the emperor, and asked him iflie knew why ' wife’s partner was. ‘ No.’ replied the EIHPCYOIF‘Neiig suppose it is some soiflflr‘ign prince.’ l. = ,