MARCH 17. 1952

fl-IE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

iuraovcnaar IN auucarion

A sonooi. A SOCIAL cnmiir:

The school is the leading educa- tional force in the community. It may easily become the leading cul- tural force also. The organization of the school is the most perfect or all local organizations. The school has the goodwill of all. It is iion-partisan and non-sectarian.

It is easy to step from the work of the school out into outside work. The teachers are skillful in the art of organizing for cultural work and more successful in imparting instruction. Their attainments in general scholarship and their var- igd ' lishments enable the school to lead in 'almost every nnase of cultural work. In doing this outside work they realize that g.- 1. giving them a better prestige in the school Itself. which is al- ways it very strong incentive. 1

It would seem unnatural. there- fore. if the teachers should not in a measure assume leadership in

many outside lines of social cul- ture. They may assist the churches. the women's and men's clubs. and other organizations in planning and carrying forward work that means everything to the members of these orders. and, taken altoge- ther, work that means everything to community life.

To lend inspiration to this form of service for adults is second only to that of putting life Into the schools and promoting the welfare of the children.

.

What a teacher is teaches more than the books he employs. Be great in act as you have been in thought. cheerfulness is a direct and immediate gain. The habit of viewing things cheerfully and of thinking about life hopefully may be cultivated like any other habit.

In waters where you least think it there will be fish.

FRANCOIS APPERT

Although literature contains at

least one previous -eferenc. to the preservation of food by the an- plicatlon of heat to food in a seal- cri container fsnallanzani. I765). appert is generally credited with the discovery of the process by vir- file of his work between 1795 and l8i0. In 1795. the French Government offered a reward for a method of preserving food for the Army and Navy. The problem of insuring ad- equate and proper food supplies for the army andgnavy as well as tiie civilian population had become acivto. Diseases now definitely in own to be due to malnutrition acre rampant among the French armed forces.

The reward was claimed in IBM by Francois Appert. who may be called the father of the canning in- dustry. Though he had never heard of bacteria. and thought that the air itself caused decay. his method was absolutely correct. The method was introduced into England in 1810. and In 1819. William Under- wood started a little factory in Boston. which is now the second oldest cannin-2 factory in the world.

Apperl. published the first treat-

alihough from his writings it is evident that he was a capable ex- perimenter and close observer

In his work Aopert used wide- mouth glaastbottles which he fill- ed with the food. carefully corked and heated In boiling water His early text described canning pro- cedure for more than 50 foods.

Anpert recognized the necessity of utter cleanliness and sanitation in his operations. Today we know that cleanliness is rfeceasary to re- duce the load of spoilage organisms in the food which the heat process must; destroy. He also recognized the necessity of careful sealing; to- day we know that unless a perfec: seal is applied to the container. in- fection of the food by epoilacu or- ganisms in the air will occur An- pert died In 1841 at the age of 91.

Commercial canning is simply 1 food preservation method in which carefully selected and prepared food contained in a permanently sealed container is subjected to a high temperature for a definite neriod of time. and then cooled. Scurvy and pellagia. dread diseases caused by lack of certain vitamins, are almost unknown wherever can- ned fruits and vegetables are on-

LVP on canning in 1810. He had no trchnical training or experience.

joyed.

' QUOI DIRE ET COMMENT LE DIRE En Angiais, Francois

I-In Anglals. Francals

l. Which is the way to---? Qnel est le chemln pour ail:-r a?

3. Is is far from here? Est-ce loin d'icl?

3. Are we on the right road to - ---? Somme:-nous dans la homie route pour aller a - 'I

4. Show me the way. Mont.rez- moi ie chemin.

5. How many miles? Combien de milles?

6. Where is the first gas station? on est le premier poste de gaze- 'inc? ' r

7. I want nlcase. Je veux gasoline. Nil yous pleit.

8. I also want one quart of oil. Jr veux une pinte dihuile aussi.

9. I want one pint of oil. Je veux 'll'io chopina, d'huile. I

10. check the oil please. Verifiez rnuile. s'ii-vous plait.

gallons oi gas. gallons de

donner une carie routiere de la province?

12. This is all. thank you. C'esi tout. mercl.

13. Good byi Au revoirl

14. Where is the post office? Ou est le bureau do poste? - .

15. Where is the bank? Ou est la banque?

16. Where is the phone? Ou est la telephone?

17. I don't understand. comprends pas.

ill. will you cash this cheque for me? Voulez-vous me changer ce cheque?

19. Where can I mail this let- ter? Ou pouraii-je mettre cette icttre a la poete?

20. can you show me to a good restaurant? Pouvez-vous m'IndI- qizer un hon restaurant.

21. Can you recommend me a boarding house? Pouvez-vous me

Je ne

11. Can you give me a road map if the province? Pouvez-vous mes

recommsnder une pension?

HOW, WHY and WHEN -(Contributed)

1. al any type of speech easy for wersons who stammer? Yes. Al- nost all etammerers can sing win- .-iut trouble - and most of them :an talk when angry.

2. What instrument did Toscan- Ini play before he became an orch- cstra conductor? The cello.

3. Why can a person usually see farther at night than In the day- time? Because at night you can see the stars -. and the stars are many billions of miles farther away than the sun. which is usually the nost distant thing you can see in iavtime.

4. How many words are there in the Declaration of Independence? Jne thousand. three hundred and 'i'.'cnt,v-one.

5. How does the coral plant pro- 'cct itself against being eaten up hv fish and other marine animals? The little coral animals. or polyps. lave powerful stinging organs. They are poisonous to most fish. who therefore give ihcm a wide berth.

only the parrot-fish seem to be immune to this poison.

ll. What three words In the Eng- lish language contain three sets of double letters? Three are: "Com- mittee". "oppressiveness" and "whip- poorwlll". And there's a fourth. "bookkeeper" In which the sets of double letters are all side by side.

Rewrite the following sentences in tha best form.

1. Homer is still an interesting book.

2. This is a legal holiday. so all the banks are closed.

3. You have out so much sugar in my tea that it spoiled.

4. The boy who had failed was disgusted with his own noor show- ing so he began blaming others for his mistake.

5. He made four ringers in the first game. than in the second game he made five. A

ii. I only see one light flashing the signal.

WEST .GERMANY

2. Living ltandords: The average rearly income per person In Ger- many is about 8500: in the U.S.A. ind In Canada it is approximately H.500. The German income though my. surpasses that of many other ends. a

some Germans. of course, live nuch better than others. The well-

foods. automobiles. ,ensive home furnishings, and other luxuries.

The majority of Germans. how- ever. have little more than the necessities of life. To gain an idea of the average German worker's living standard. take the 'ypicai CH9 of a family of four In a small. 2-room apartment.

.0-do people are able to buy fine

um

some Sliirrifii

' -"Mrs. Jones speaking. Please send me

The father, a mincr,, earns :85

Marmalade. "

a month. Family food costs :40 a month; rrent and other household expenses t to tie: clothing (10. There remains I19 for educa- tion. carfare to and from work. and taxes. Most Germans get enough food. but they have little variety in their diet. The average person. each week. eats 4 loaves of bread. 21.9. pounds of potatoes, one pound of! meat. 3 quarts of milk, 3 eggs, and 3 ounces of butter. I There is not nearly the variety of vegetables and fruits in west Germany that we enjoy in North America. Everything considered. however. living conditions in that land have been rapidly improving. and are much better than they are in East Germany. (I. Government: with the sup- port of the western Allies. West Germany set up the Federal Re- public of Germany in September. 1949. It has a democratic constitu- tion and a freely elected parlia- ment.

Konrad Adenauer. as Chancellor. is executive head of government.

He has worked with the western Allies.

Adenauer's chief opponent is Kurt Schumaclier. a Socialist.

uchumacher is anti-Communist. but he contends that the German people would be better off if the government and labour unions. ra- ther than private individuals, op- erated thc large industries.

The socialist leader also argues that the Adenauer administration

The Right I-ion. Vincent Massey has become Canada's first Canad- ian Governor-General. The Gov- ernor General now exercises five main parliamentary functions all on cabinet advice. They are:

1. Opening and proroguing ses- sions of parliament. .

2. Dissoiving parliament.

Ii. ltnpointing senators. .

4. Giving Royal assent to legis- lation.

5. Recommending financial mea- sures to the House of Commons.

In addition, he has the power to give assent to honors and awards. Legally. he may reserve for the Queen's approval bills passed by the Senate and the House of Com- mons.

The Lieut.-Governor of Ontario is Louis Orville Bi-eithaupt.

In Canada the density of popu- lation per square mile is eight per- sons. '

Hon. Winston Churchill visited Canada and the United States in January. 1952

Manganese was known from an- dcnt times although it was not used In.any practical manner. The first use of manganese was in glass making where it. was used to bleach glass to a crystalline cleamess. Larger amounts were used to ,.)ro- duce violet. red and dark brown coloured glass in early times The color of the amethyst is due to small quantities of iron and man- ganese which it contains.

Today, by far the largest am- ount of manganese is used in mak- ing steel and all steel contains small amounts of it. In email per-

The first stanza of the poem fur- nishes a pretty complete model for all the rest. and the variations are worked out with poetic spirit and skill. This applies especially. of course. to the first four and the last two lines of each stanza.

The expression of love for. tnd devotion to. England is deep and impassioned.

The central thought. that England is the special instrument of Divine Providence. appeals to a. sentiment which has been growing in force since the time of Elizabeth, and which is the source of a good deal of national pride.

Austere. Removed from all that is mean or trivial: full of the vision of destiny.

As come forward. As volunteer for service against fearful odds - one to ten.

Take and break us. A sublime expression of willing sacrifice.

Life is good. and joy runs high. etc. The lines have in them the joy of triumph over death because of the glory of the sacrifice.

1. Teddy beers. that eat leaves and never drink.

1. Trees. two to three hundred feet high. Medicine is made from

them. 3. Animals that carry their ioung

faontrlbutedi

so many people died in the plague. and so many of those who died were labourers that help be- came scarce. The common people asked for more motley and would 'r.ot work unless they got it. The landowners had the right, to force them to work. but found it a dif- ficult assignment 'i'he peasants were often cheated by being forced into aerfdom. Perhaps a man had been bound to service but over a period of years had struggled and save" a little here and there to- wards buying h's freedom. Then

. CURRENT EVENTS

MANGANESE

ENGLAND MY ENGLAND

Teemlni: destinies. Reimsents shows a fondness for odd words England as mistress of the world's and curious locations. MATCH

fa) Eucalyptus. in pouches. (b) Tree ferns. 4. Trees that turn their leaves (c) Acacias. sideways so that the sun will not (d) Kangaroos. dry them out. fe) Platypus. 5. Wild dogs. ff) Koala. 6. Animals that have fur. lay (g) Dingoes. eggs. eat earthworms and lkave a (h) Cockatoos. bill like a duck. fl) Lyrc birds. 7. Birds like parrots. . rl) Bower-birds. ii. Like house ferns. only as big ik) Emus. rheas. ostriches. cas- as trees.

sowaries. 9. Birds who build a playhouse. fl) Boomerangs. 10. Birds that cannot fly, but (in) Black fellows. run very fast. They have beautiful

THE PEASANTS REVOLT (Contributed)

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING -

is "too eager" to have German military forces co-operate with the western Allies. He is reported to oppose such co-operation until the Allies remove all their troops from his country's soil. In addition. it is said. he would seek 11.8. promises of continued financial aid for West Germany in return for German military co-operation.

If Schumacher and his party should gain power. it probably would be harder for the Allies to deal with it than the present gov- ernment. The German socialists believe in free elections. however, and they support the existing dem- ocratic political system.

A growing threat to West Ger- man dCI'n0CTnI.y is the revival of political parties with programs like those of Germany's former Nazi dictator. Adolf Hitler. One of these is the Reich Social Party. headed by Otto Remer, a former major general who served Hitler. lie is sometimes called Lelter (meaning leader) instead of Fuehrer (also meaning leader) which was 1-lIticr's title.

Rcmer is winning followers am- ong discontented young people. former Nazis. and ex-soldiers who have not adjusted themselves to peacetime living. Hp is strongly anti-American. and bitterly attacks the Allies for keeping occupation troops in that country. The main reason the Allies continue to keen their troops there, of course. is to prevent Fascist or Communist parties from seizing power.

(To Be Continued)

The waters of the Danube-spend most of their time in or near coun- tries under Russian control.

The construction of tlic Canso causeway which will link Cape Tro- ton Island with the mainland of Nova Scotia is due to begin early in 1952.

The population of Canada is 14- 009.429. The population of P. E. I. is 08,429. The population of New- foundland is 36i.4i6. .

All provinces of Canada made gains in population since 1941 vitn the exception of Saskatchewan.

Chili'l0l.C(- Whitton was chosen Canadian "Woman of the Year."

The Pacific Ocean is 14,048 feet deep. The Atlantic Ocean is 12,800 feet deep. The Indian Ocean is ill. 002 feet deep and the Arctic is 3,953 feet deep. I

Viscount Alexander. former Gov- ernor-General of Canada left to take up his new post as Defense Minister in Ciiurcliill's Cabinet.

The Premier of France is Antoine Plnay.

ccntages it is used to dc-oxidize the steel thus aiding in producing a clean metal. In amounts over four parts in 1000 it definitely affects the properties as a result of heat treatment. In amounts of ii to 12 per cent it makes an extremely abrasion-resisting steel much used for wearing parts of machinery.

It is so hard that after it B cast. it cannot be out and must be ground. Because it is so hard that it cannot be drilled or cut. it is much used for burglarproof safes. steam shovel buckets and various types of crushing machinery.

future and leader of the onward march of the ages.

You could know nor dread nor ease. Even though the powers of evil were arrayed against her. she would neither fear nor hesitate to encounter them.

Fierce old Seals delight. The ocean itself is represented as re- joicing in a power as mighty and tameless as its own. yielding a will- ing submission to such mighty power.

The ancient sword. The sword of the Lord and of Gideon. Note how the opening personification of Eng- land concentrates and intensifies the emotion.

William Ernest Henley 11849- 1903), English critic and poet, was born at Gloucester. England. He was an intimate friend of R..L. Stevenson. and collaborated -with him in the production of a. series of plays. Henley edited several ser- ials. two or three anthologies of lyrics, and an edition of Burns. I-lis poetry is vigorous and vivid in ex- pression. rapid in maement. and

tail plumes.

ii. The natives of Australia

12. Curved wooden sticks that re- turn to the thrower when thrown at an enemy or animal.

13. Birds with beautiful tails thai look like old-fashioned harps.

collar filed off his neck. sometimes a serf escaped too. and the owner would not be able to trace him. After the black death. land owners often took freemen by force and said that they had escaped and must return to servitude.

The peasants under ,wat Tyler made several demands all of which were- granted by the young king. Richard II. Jlnfortunateiy he did not have all the authority and many of the peasant leaders were later punished. Yet the terms of the revolt did have an effect and on-. by one became law.

the skilled artisan from lower prices and ill treatment. The mem- bers were united. helped one an- other and only revealed the secrets of their trades in the apprentices

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1, Five uses of rivers to us are

2. Animals which are trained to help men are called ---.

3. The elephant is used as a beast of burden In T: the llama ti: used in - and the camel

4. Three things modern automo- biles have which the early ones did not have are and -. - 5. The basket boat used by the Early Britons was a ---.

6. Boats used by the Romans on which they used ,both oars and soils were called -.

'7. :---built the first success- ful steamship.

8. The --w- brothers flew the first successful balloon in the year

9, The passengers in this balloon were -. lo. The first successful aeroplane

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Mexico's national sport .is 2. A wide-brimmed hat worn by the men -. 3. A celebration in Mexico 4. A substance used in making chewing gum 5, A thin cake made of corn and used as bread 1-. 6. A long-cared animal used to carry loads 7. A sweet flesli fruit that taste something like turpentine -. R. A Mexican garden . 9. A stone bowl used for grind- ing corn . 10. A Mexican labourer ----. ii. A lace shawl worn over the

POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN WRITING LETTERS

1. Be neat and accurate. Watch your spelling. punctuation, and sentence structure.

2. Don't divide a word at the end of a line except at the end of a syllable.

3. Indent the first words in ev- ery paragraph and leave sultablc margins.

4. Fold your letter neatly before puttlni: it Into an envelope.

5. Put yourself in the reader's place and keep his interests in mind as you write.

ii. The writing of a good letter requires time and effort.

lcroiiio Girl 16' Become.Miiiisier

TORONTO. March 15 -(CP)- Marguerite cbsens may never be caught wearing a clerical collar. hut nevertheless the 26-year-old Toronto girl plans to become the United Church's 29th woman min- lster.

The daughter of Rev. C.w.D. Cosens of Westley United Church Miss Coscns will enter Emmanuel College this fall. she will be spon- sored by Toronto West Presbytery.

, raph in the year -.

.-'-'o'aHV-

who had served the proper time in the trade. Guilds wet. the fore- runners of the present trade un- one.

was flown in the year by e -. 11. This aeroplane wascailed the

12. The word communication means --

13. Five ancient means of send- ing measages were .

ii. The first message sent over the telegraph was ---.

15. invented the teleg- I6. Telegraph messages sent across the ocean are called

17. The telephone was invented

in the year -j by . 18. The first t ' h message was

19. --j invented the radio in the year ----.

20; Hieroglyphics were In .

21. Early books were in rolls called -. -

22. was the first English prinur.

head by many Mexican women

12. A'blanket with a. slit in the centre, worn by many peons

-

13. A wealthy Mexican's rand: home. -4;.