HASZARD'S GAZETTE, JUNE 30.

nwsysr our intensn inn.

The Times is of opinion, thateven if the allies no further than to occupy and hold The Straits of Yenikalc and the adjacent nin- sula of Kertch, which is easily defensi le by any power having the command of the sea. they would remain in pouessiou of the kely one of the principal approaches to the us- sian territories :-

In 1851 no less than 1000 trading vessels

ssed the straits. Ta anrog, Marianopol,

rdianski, and Kertch, al commercial towns, which it has been the policy of the Russian Government to protect and foster with the utmost care for the last seventy years, exist only by the feedom of trade between the sea of Azofl' and the Euxine. The whole exports of the valley of the Don and its tributaries, an the communication between the Don and the Volga, which places the trade of that might stream in connection with the markets of urope all depend on this neck of the Sea of Azofl'; so that it is no exaggeration to assert, that our occupation of Kertch will be felt in the interior of Russia, even to Cazan and Nishni Novoworod. On the Asiatic shore of the straits the ussians have also destroyed their fortifications, so that both sides may be occupied, and the allied forces will threaten or blockade Anapa which is the ke to the whole Circassian coast. Kertch itself is a flourishing town of about 12,000 inhabitants chiefly Greeks and Tartars, and for the fii-st time since the commencement of these operations our troops will find themselves in contact with what may be termed, b comparison, a civi- lized community. The climate, though cold in winter, is healthy and genial in this season. The surrounding country, which is termed by the Russians the district of Kertch-Enikolsk, is luxuriantly fertile, wherever it is cultivated. It is separated from Kafiii b about sixty miles of undulating lain,lying etween the Sea of Azofl'and the lack Sea,and the isthmus di- viding the Bay of Kaflii. from that of Arabat is not more than twelve miles in breadth.

The manner by which the soundings which have enabled Admiral Lyons and Admiral Bruat to lan the successful attack on Kertch were me. e is curious. A British naval ofiicer, (says The Ti'mes),captured it vessel havin on board a private carriage belon in to the ussian o- vernorofKertch. Wit this“materialpledge” in his possession, he sent in a polite message to the governor, stating that the Enrvlish cruiser was unwillin to de rive him of? his private property an woul have great pleasure in restoring the carriage to its former owner. The offer was acce ted, and the shi ’s best entered the Bay of ertch, with the ve icle on board, sounding as they went. By this means it was ascertained that there was a passage for the small steamers to within a short dis- tance of the coast; and the governor’s carriage made a track for the British fleet.

It is stated that two more volume of Mac- aulay’s History of England are nearly ready for publication in England.

we 0

Tar COIIIIONS or ENGLAND.-The Sebastopol Committee has completed its re rt of evidence and the countr awaits with eep anxiety its final verdict. ut perhaps the report of evi- dence is the most useful result of its session, inasmuch as it la s before the public all the facts which are nown to the committee, and enables every Englishman to form an iutelli ent jnd ment as to what its recommendations on t to be. The real report of the committee is being made by the countr , with a voice neither frantic nor petulant, lint very deep and stern. The revelations of the witnesses have justified Lord John Russell's memorable epi- thets, “horrible and heart-rending,” and if the committee were now to se rate without further report, they would simply leave it to the country, to do it for them, after a fashion to which the most sluggish of our faineanl rulers must listen and how. The strong and earnest cry for admiiiistrative reform,which gathers breadth and depth every hour, is the real report of the committee of the Commons.

Well will it be for our rulers, if they have grace I

to receive it reverently; for if they attempt to flout it, it must sweep them awsiy.

True, that committee-room 0 St. Stephen’s had a strange significance, and even a certain sublimity. A few quiet simple English gentle- men, men chiefly notable for honest , earnes ness. and sound judgment, sat t ere, and England's most distinguished statesmen and warriors came at their summons, and disclosed to them. Peers and commoners, statesmen and ofhcials, generals and admirals, the former Chief Minister of State himself, had to make a clean breast of it, and confide to these quiet

entlemen, representing the Commons House of Parliament, secrets which the rack itself would not have forced them to reveal. It was it won- derful spectacle. There was no wrenching of confessions from unwilling lips. The spel of duly was upon the witnesses, and theiy sfiko out freely thin s which have filled ng nd with sorrow an shame. .

g 14 years in a ; 3d, he wears the Order ot'St.

suggest serious rsflsctlons as to the nature of that power which could work such wonders with man whom no other force could have compelled to open their lips. And how calmly it was all transacted. The tocsin of revolution would have been rung in any other countr Europe when such men as the‘ Duke of in- bridge and Newcastle, Lord Aberdeen and Sir John Burgoyne, were compelled by a popular tribunal to disclose the secrets of State and War. Such an investigation could only be set

as. E

on foot in other countries at the cost of a revolu- I

tion which would deluge Europe with blood. Yet here the “ question” was applied from day today with the utmost calmness while the business of the country went on with exceed_ ing serenity and steadiness, and all parties agreed to wait patiently the issue. No doubt, it was the subject of earnest conversation at the clubs and in over home; here and there. too, a public speaker indulged in some fierce sarcasm, as some deed of deepest darkness was dragged, to daylight, but no order felt itself imperiled, no party showed symptons of paralysis, and even the Government took no special precaution to secure itself against an anticipated blow.

The spectacle ofa nation so confident ofits oaurage and resources as to dare to search out the very worst of its conditions and brin it into daylight, is one of no moral significance and randeur. Englishmen may look with honest pride at the labors of this committee, while foreigners can hardly look at it without wonder that we dare to do such thin s in En- gland :—and shame that they can e dared nowhere.

RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF POLAND.

The Paris correspondent of the N. Y. Courier says, the belief prevails very generally in France, that 40,000 men, and an expenditure of ten millions sterling, directed to the re- establishment of Poland, would, a year since, have compelled Russia to sue for that peace, of which she would now dictate the terms. The partition of Poland took place while France was in Revolution, and at war with England, and, consequently. while England was engaged in that ill-advised and ever-to-be-regretted Armed Interference with the internal afl'airs of France. Now, however, when the direct reverse obtains—wlien France is tranquil, an s c is united (indissolubly it is hoped) with her great neighbor (a brother “ proof against the world in arms”) the allied Powers should, rejecting all timid or interested advice or con- sideration, free and restore Poland, and thus raise an eternal barrier against Russian ambi- tion and ag ression. “ Beautiful in the eight

men must it be to see ” the two

tions of Europe so employed-—ap

selves to such a work, even thou ii the selfish- ness of their motive were in evi ence. Where was their delicacy, when the crime which gave toRussia much of that strength which now renders her so formidable was committed?

greatest na- ying them-

and England in the e es of the world for now disturbing the three orthern Powers in their possession of Warsaw, Galicia and Posen, even were the expediency of the ste not obviously glaring. W by France and England did not adopt the recommendation pressed upon them to “ take a bond of fate" by striking at the heart of Russia through Poland, will ossibly become known at a day, when the know edge of it will be only a satisfaction of curiosity. The world now can only conjecture, and that conjec- ture throws the blame of this lamentable emis- sion upon Mazzini and other political refugees in En and and elsewhere, whose secret agents are be ieved to have disposed a large portion of the population of the State of Continental Eu- rope to insurrection and revolution.

A Yovxo Virrs:a.m.—-The Hamburg News con- tains a letter from St. Petersbur , which says : —Captain Vernlow lately made his a pearance‘ in the drawing rooms of the capita , and has excited much attention from the fact, that al- though he is only 23 ears of age, he has 24

cars of service. let, be has been eight years in the army; 2d, he has served 6 months at Se- bastopol, and as, according to an order of the Cabinet of the Emperor Nicholas, each month’s service there is to count as a year, his six months are e uivalent to six years, which give

Anne and of Vladimir, the cross of the Order of St. George, and has a sabre of honor, which reckon for 0 years more ; and in that way he makes u the 24 years. Stran e to say, al- though t is ollicer has been in l2 sorties, he has never received a wound.”

Pitorosro INCOII-TAX FRANCHISE. — In the House of Commons, en the 4th, Major Reed gave notice, that on Tuesday, the 20th inst., would move for leave to bring in a bill, entitled the Income-tax Francliise Bill, for conferring the elective franceise on all persons, not being aliens, who were assessed for the income-tax, but not now on the register ofvotcs for Great Britain and Ireland.

2‘ C

It is the most striking exhibition of the political omnipotence of the Commons which we are likely to witness in these years, and

The Cholera has disappeared at Constanti-~

of God wou d it be——beautifu1 in the sight of

EBUPTION 01" VEUVIUS.

Ths_Nsples correspondent of the London Daily News in a letter dated May lolh, thus describes the present fearful eruption of this famous old vo cano: -

The lava has new advanced ten miles from its source, and is doing terrible damage. I have before me the report of Couolino on the latest changes which have taken place about the cone. Just at the bsse of it,a lake of fire has been formed, which looks like a red sea in an iiudulstory state. nthe very centre of this has opened another crater, which is throwing out red-hot stones. On the morning of the 7th, the crater, at the very summit, fired as it were, two heavy csnnnnades; and after sending forth lightning, flames, and stones, broke up altogether. in the middle of the cone, ten craters have been formed, and from these the lava pours forth like a river, and runs on the side of the Cavallo as far as the Minatore.

ere four other craters have been formed, which throw up bitumen in the manner of pyramids, and resemble gigantic exhibitions of fireworks. The whole of the summit of the crater is therefore like a sponge, and must inevitably fall in. 'I‘he thin crust treinbles under you feel. You see the stones dance with the tremendous movement; the part immediately round the crater looks like the sides of‘ a heated copper boiler. Such isn ue statement of what is going on at the summit. here are reports of an opening towards Pompeii, which is not unlikely, and of another towards Resins, but I have not been up for some days. as the danger is now very great. Before I write agsin,l shall make the attempt. Last night I went to the scene of most stirring interest, after an interval of two days. The whole length of lhis usually quiet road was like a fair, and such was the throng of carriages which were moving on in three lines, that it was with difiiculiy we arrived at our destination. As we approached the menace-d neighborhood, the inhabitants were removing their goods, and on a bridge in middle of the little township of Cercolo (through which, in the winter time thunders down from the summit of Vesuvius one of those mountain rivers so well known in Italy) stood a company of Sappers. Creeping under this solid handsome bridge into the bed of the river, we went up in face of the lava, which was now coming rapidly down. Here again were Sappers, raising mounds on either side, to divert the rain from some private grounds, and keep the lava in one straight course. The smoke which rose over the heads of the multitudes told us, we were close on the spot, and climbing up the bank and ivalking along the top, we looked down on this mighty mass of fire. How changed the neighborhood in two days! Where lwalked on Sundaymiglit, was now a sea of fire. The side road by which I had come down into the main stream from Pollen: and Massa di Somme was new full of blackened coke. The houses on the borders of the village had fs|len—in one 30 poor people lived; a small chapel was swallowed up, a gentleman’s villa, and a sad extent of vineyard

ll’ T

5- to

The “ Nullum tempus” rule would justify France i

nople .

and garden ground. On the other side of the great lava bed, another trsam was branching off 0 San Sebastiano. a had he ed to have crossed it, and ascended to the cases e again, but it was no longer possible; for, as one says speak- ing ofs msrshy country in the winter, the lava was out. The fire here had begun to enter the burial-ground of the little town, but was diverted from its course by ii wall. On the opposite. side of the stream was the King and all the royal family. The banks on either side were thronge with curious and anxious multitudes, whose faces were lighted up with the blaze of hundreds of torches, and with the more resplendent flame of the rapidly descending lava. Since the morning it had move a mile. It was like a vast river of glowing coke. s it moved on, the tens of thousands of lamps rolled and tumbled one over the other,crsckling, and grinding, and grating; and when, from the very face of it, a large lump fell off, the appearance was that of an iron furnace when the iron is being rawn. To make the resemblance more complete, at such times men darted forwards with long poles, taken from the neighboring vineyards, and pulled out great masses of lava in which they embedded money for sale. What struck me at fint, and still strikes me as the most majestic feature in the whole scene, is the slow, silent, irresistible motion ofthst fiery flood. Active almighty power with- out an effort! ‘weeping everything before it, overcoming every obstacle, growing up against intervening walls or houses, and devouring them bodily,and then marching on in the same silent, unrelenting, irresistible manner as before. There was a spot beneath my feet, where a wall of mason work had been built, to break the violence of the winter floods; to this spot all eyes were directed. The fiery river would fall over it in an hour; as yet it was distant from it seventy yards, perhaps. Gradually it rose in height. and swelled out its vast proportions, and then vast masses fell off and rolled forward ; then it swelled again as fresh matter came pressing down behind, and so it broke, and on it rolled again and again, till it had arrived at the very edge. There was a general buzz and murmur of voises. The royal family stood opposite to me, intermingled with the crowd, looking on with intense anxiety. At last it broke, not hurriedly, still with a certain show of majesty. At firsts few small lumps fell down ; then poured overs pure liquid stream of met:il,like thick treacle, clinging sometimes mass to mass from its glutinous

character, and last of all tumbled over ghsntio Iultps of score. has on it moved once more in its silent, regular course. swelling u and s read- ing over the vineyards on either side; an new there was a rush for the road which traverses this lsvs-bed. I-lnuses and the bridge bordered the road, the carriages had all been ordered off, and the bridge was being broken down—we were cut ofi‘ completely. The seniinels would not let us pass, and struck us and drove us back: but wc forced our way, and then found too surely, that it was impossible to geton. The bridge was half demolished, and by the light of the torches we could see the soldiers above working away with the pick and axe. We had therefore to retrace our steps, and making a long circuit through the open country and over wslls, came round to the top of the bridge—“run,” said the sentinels, "or you will be too late.” We crossed the narrow parapet which was still remaining, and soon afterwards down went the whole fabric. In this way, it is hoped. that the lava will be divert- ed from the townships of St. Sehastisno, Msssa di Somme, and Pollena,_ which stand on either side, and have as yet only suffered partially. Cercolo, through which, however, the stream is rolling, will be sacrificed. The expectation is that the lava. should the eruption continue, will flow down to the Panic Maddaloni, and into tl10 sea. So grand and so destructive an eruption has not been known for many years, and.even now we cannot tell how or when it will terminate. The mountain is literally seamed with lava, and many fear a violent explosion as a final scene of the tragedy.

SIR CHARLES NAPIER.

Sir C. Na ier writes to the Times, defending himself. '1‘ ie main part of his letter consists of excuses for not attacking Sweaborg :-—I send you a chart of Sweaborg and Helsin fors and a

lsn of their fortification, showing t e adjacent lblands and sunken rocks : Show them to any naval oflicer, young or old (and you m_ust know man ), and ask him if it is possible in winter to plltee buoys and beacons on these rocks; to conduct a fleet alongside the batteries of Swea- borg, having neither guuboats nor mortar to to cover the approach of the vessels and boats to place the buoys on the sunken rocks, all of which are within ran e of the enemy's batteries. It will require severe days for this operation, and they will be under fire night and day. The Russians themselves could not navigate these seas without beacons, and they are all removed. During the time the process of buoy-

ing is oing on, the fleet must lie at anchor amen t e outer rocks. Imagine to ourself, Sir, a uth-west gale coming on (an in the

winter without warning)» and jud e what would become of your fleet and gun an mortar boats. A great number of the former would

be driven on the rocks. and the latter would either be swamped or obliged to take refuge in the enemy’s harbour. You must not com re such an operation to the prosecution of ordina commercial enterprise. I served with Sir Sy - ney Smith in his attempt on Bolo e in Novem- ber 1805. He did not weigh difliculties and forestal contingencies, and he lost all his boats, and very nearly lost his ships. Nelson had not those difliculties to contend with, either at the Nile or C0 enhagen. At the former, his enemy

as at anc or in an open roadstead in August. xt Copenhagen, in the month of A )l‘ll, he had it safe harbour to lie in to make is arrange- ments, no gales of winds could afl'ect either his ships or boats ; he could chose his day—as the wise men at the Admiralty told me to do in the month of 0ctober—-but I will engage not one of them would have found the day, had they been in my place. Lord Exmouth attacked Algiers in the middle of summer; there were neither rocks nor shoals there. He did not capture it, and I doubt whether he would have tried it again. At Acre, the weather was fine, and no difliculties, and, had the Egyptians held out, notwithstanding the explosion, its capture was doubtful, and with a Russian Garrison, impos- sible. Sir James Saumarez, with a ve superior force, was heat cl? at Algesiras,_a lost a ship ; and Admiral Dundas had no reason to be satisfied with his attack at Sebastopol. Will you tell, me why Lord Nelson and Lord Collingwood did not attack Toulon or Cadiz; neither of them was so strong as Sweaborg or Cronstadt. Why did not Lord Howe, Lord Bridport, and Lord St. Vincent attack Brest, l’0rient, Roohefort, &o.l Because they knew they would have been defeated. Why did the French Admiral and myself reflise to attack Sweaborg? Because we had not means, and because the narrow entrance was blocked up. Had it been opened (even without guuboats), the allied flags would have been flying on the inner road of Sweaborg. You say, Sir, “ Sup- posing the enterprise to be otherwise favorable, the mere lateness of the season does not appear a sul'ficient objection." A shi I?-Wick on I- strong fortress is at all times di cult; add to that. the intricacy of the navigation and bad weather, and it becomes impossible.