THE GUARDIAN. uM '

" THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALI. OTHERS SEEEIN IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

EDUCATION - EVERYBODYS BUSINES

-mi, is Education Week. The W!- M, or this week is to enco III: ganadisns to examine their edu- cational system. discuss it and help . pr development. Education Week eltlme for every citizen to clar- .fy his or her thinking on the real more; of education - to focus the spotlight on all its aspects and to strengthen this bulwark of our t CV. dr1Tol,lr1:.ln0deiliI world. because of Wm advances in agricultural ',cp-me, success in farming and a nusfylng experience on the farm W. bceomlng increasingly depend- .-nt upon education. Today. the woe.-3sf'.ll farmer is just as de- 'p,ndm; upon a good well-rounded "filtration as is the successful bus- lms or professional man. we must see that boys and girls who are to be our future farmers have full ,dln-,1tional equality with urban cliililrcli Flliv

or RE I.

per rout of the population have less than eight

years' schooling. Parents should be more insktsnt that t.heir children continue at school.

Become familiar with the aims of the educational programme in your community. Cooperate with teachers, home and school associa- tions and local school authorities to strengthen the weak spots in the schools' our. ' .

The foundation of good citizen- ship is good human relations. The school teaches tomorrow's citizens how to get along with one another. You learn in school so that later you can take an active part in run- ning your country.

Education is a co-operative en- deavour. Teachers. parents and pub- lio must work together all the time - the one cannot function without the help of the others.

'Make this a special week! Visit your school to see the work that your children are doing. "As the home is. so shall the nation be."

FILL IN THE BLANKS

17.1! in the blanks in the follow- m: cxcrcise using words that will niakc each of the following state- mrilts correct:

1 The two tiny bits of flesh that hang from ii chicken's lower jaw are called -----

1' The Minister of Agriculture for l'l.l'.l is .

3 A plant that feeds on another living plant is called is ---.

4. An insecticide that kills both biting and sucking insects is

5. Entomologists are experts who

1 1;, lmlliilliz else bllt ivork with and

-l l(Il' -- . ) ll Tlic -j- becs gather nectar uirl pollen.

7, The bee lays the eggs.

, bees cannot gather aollcn or nectar.

in Four animals that live in Ii'0llDS and help one another are . and

lo The living substance inside a plant or animal cell is called ll. Three common plant d'seascs railscd by viruses are ---. M.--, and i2. The three elements most com- monly borrowed from the soil are

' 15. Plants have leaves because they need them to manufacture

is. Three birds of the "Thrush family" are --t. --. Ind

17. re... animals that hibernate

are -j. and ---. 18. The two kinds of "frictional electricity" are----ll d

n G--. l9. Joseph Priestly discovered how to make --

20. Experts believe animal to be tamed by man was thn -j-. v

21. An insect has -- legs.

22. You can test a silhstance for the presence of starch by using

23. Tile timber wolves are usu- ally .. in coloilr.

24. The largest wolves are found in the north-western part of Amer- ica where they may attain at weight

f pounds.

25. All plnnipeds arc carnivorous and feed on -1-.

26. The greatest age that any in- dividusl tirrtle has positively known to attain is --- years.

27, ----V is an animal that dzm a canal.

28. Two, animals

that migrate

. . an . 13. one drug which comes from plants is '

ar . . . '29. An animal that aestivates is the --

H. Thrcn wild found in the woods are ----. and

flowers commonly . Trouble is usually produced by

those who produce nothing else.

ANSWERS

Ansivers to an exercise

Hnri7.on on October 15.

l. The first man of science in !'.lll'Oml was Bacon. i

2. The man who discovered that the earth revolves around the sun was Copernicus.

3 The first white man to reach indla by way of the Cape of Good Hope was Da Game.

4. The man from Venice who

travelled many years in Asia was

Poll)

5 .Henry Kelsey was the first

rxlnlc man to are the prairies.

6. The first Govemor-General of tho Province of Canada was Lord swlenhnm.

7. Simon Bolivar. llberatcr

born in the new world.

ll. Jose San Martin was the hero of the liberation of tijlewsoiithem

Part of south America.

9. Valley Forge is remembered

as la. place -where George Washing- ton spent the difficult winter 1777-TR (in SE. Pennsylvania).

Vcnlce. -

ll. Queen of the Eastern Arch- e

Inclogo is Java. - l2. Queen of the Mississippi Val- lvr is sit. Louis.

13. Queen of the North is the city

of Edinburgh.

which iias printed in the Educational

of Venezuela. New Granada. Ecuador and Peru. and founder of Bolivia was a Creole. that is a Spaniard

oi if) The Queen of the Adriatic is

14. The Queen of the Northern Seas was Elizabeth.

l5. The White Queen was Mary Queen of Scots.

ill. The Iron City is Plttsbiirlz. l7. The Iron Duke was Welling- ton. '

18. The Granite 'City is Aber- deep.

19. Sir Wm. Ramsay discovered the gas call neon.

2.0. The jute plant is a native of Bengal.

Fohn is a warm dry wind which blows down the northern valley oi the Alps in winter and spring.

22. Shotts shallow salt lakes found in North Africa in the states of Algeria and Tunis.

23. Mistral. a north-westerly wind which prevails on the south coast of France.

24. Bise is a cold. dry north and north east wind which blows in Smith France and Switzerland.

phosphates in the world are in Florida. U.S. A. l

28. The most southcrlv port in the United States is Key West.

2'1. The great llberator of Mexico was Hidalgo.

28. The king of the birds is the

Isle. 29. The king of the jungle is the

tiger. 30. The king of the fresh water fish is the salmon.

CURRENT EVENTS

The Prime Minister of New zea- isn-..4 is Sidney 6. Holland.

Tlac President of France is Vin- Nlil Aurlol.

Tito President of Italy is Luigi El'lRllVlf,

Tho Chancellor of West Germ- llllt ii Konrad Adenauer.

Tllo Prime Minister of UP Valor-.1. .

he iinitttrl States Defence Sce- lllafv 2: rich.-rt A. Lovctt. milxic King of Egypt is King Far-

Tll? King M Libya is King ldris. Charlottc Whitfop. Mayor of Ot- 'lll'-':W. has been selected as flan- l''''''' 5 "Woman of the wear 1951. Flu i049 Ncwfoirndland toined h-oanada and was given seven mem- ls llrlnlzlno the total number of llrmhcrs in parliament up to 9.62. Mrlllll law requires that there be a Flllslrlbntlon of seats in the par- :”lll'lnl- cver.V it) years. i ”0l:l the basis of the 1951 census -Ms ntchcwan will loose 5 mem- mi; British Columbia will train 4. M Its New Brunswick. Prince Ed- mgd island. and Newfoundland Oucbremain the same. Ontario and "I will Rain 2 etch Nova Sco- M will lose l and Manitoba will i- 2, . v The cost-of-living index in Nov. mber. last. was ion. The food ex was 240.3. - . Tfgbcthe end of last the total r of immigrants to Canada

Eire is

was expected to reach 582.000 Ao- proximately 150.000 immigrants camc to Canada in 1951.

Fifteen countries in the world do not yet permit women to vote. They are: Afghanistan Colombia. Egypt. Ethiopia. Honduras. Iraq. Jordan, Lebanon. Liechten- stein. Yemen. Nicaragua. Paraouav. Saudi Arabia and Switzerland. With the exception of Switzerland thes- countries do not have male sili- frage either. Fifty six counfrics have now extended the vote to women. In Ecuador voting is com- oulsorv for men but voluntary for women. Britain's high commission- er and military command-v--im chief for Malaya is Gen. sir. ow.- R. Temnler.

The Premier of Iran is Moham- med Mossadegh.

SHAPE: (supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe).

WHO: (World Health organiza- tion).

FAO: (Food and Agricultural or- ganisatlon).

The U. N. mediator is Prank Gra-

ham.

Tel Ill Kebir and El iiommanda. twin villages near Ismailla in the Sues canal sane are occupied by Britain.

The Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia is D. L. Macnaren.

The Lieutenant Governor of llrltiah Columbia is Clarence Wal- ace.

GRAMMAR

WI" ”h"llllIl from direct-torin-l

"cl 3999191 the following polllfd lhollld be kept in mind. m'I.LThe present urine becomes the .. 2. shall becomes should will be- .”''''I would. in becom. I ht "-:1 lilo beoomesncould. u m, '

- Pr

'4llld Fm.

IN chlnlcd '0 U10 emphatic in my statement.

is noted when a statement is re- ported by a person who is apply- ling it to himself. The second per- 'son becoinu the first in the follow- ing: Mother said to me. " You are too emphatic in your statement." (Direct).

Mother told me that I was

.. - direct ll-I-:,An exception to this rule

a

J

that the first it

25. The location of the greatest

since the start of the flow in l046

Tran,

TIIE MIAMI KEY

The overseas highway. frorri Miami to Key West. is 122 miles long. It was begun as a railroad - the Key West extension .of the Florida East Coast Railway. It was opened to railway traffic in i912.

The highway connects the Flor- ida mainland with Key west. the most southern United States port. and the closest to the Panama Canal.

The building of this railroad was a new kind of construction prob- lem. The route led over wide stretches of water. The rcadbed had to withstand ocean currents and

Spanish people claim that Brazil was discovered by a. captain named Vicente Pinzou in 1500. The Port- uguese however. claim that the Brazilian coast was first seen in the same year by Pedro Alvarez dc Cabral. and it is thlsgreat man whom the Brazilians honor for the discovery. Cabral. who was on his, way to India, found Brazil by sailing too far to the west. He knew that he had made an im- portant discovery, and before he went. on in India he sent a ship

This plant is an herb which is very common in the marshes and sphagnum bogs of southwestern Oregon and northern California. Tile plant has a slender brittle stem from one to three feet tall, with a few small leaves scattered along and a. single large brownish flower at its top. The "pitcher" leaves come from the part of the plant that is imbedded in the moss or other vegetation.

The leaf is la foot or more in height. and consists of a tube en- larging gradually from the base to the top which is covered with a translucent mottled hood having a slender projection at each side.

The first passenger elevator in the United States was invented by Elisha G. Otis in 1853 but has been much improved since. At first elevators were very slow and not very safe. but now they move very rapidly and accidents are not com- mon. Most elevators are run by electric power. though many are raised or lowered by water pres-

The German people. enemies of the Western Allies in World War II. hold a key position in Europe today. The course they follow is of great importance to the free world in tho striiugle against Com- munist Russia. Here are the rea- sons:

Germans are outnumbered only by Russians in Europe. They are leaders in European industry. es- peclally in the production of coal. steel machinery and chemicals. They are skilled iiidustrlal work- ers. techiiiclans. scientists, and in- vs-ntors.

Soviet Rumia is trying to get all. German people under her con- trol so she can use their tech- r.-ic'al skills and knowledge for her own benefit. The Western Allies are determined that West Germ- any. at least shall be a free dem- ocratic nation. '

The present German Commuiilsts. Russian armed force. completely control Eastern Germany. These Communist leaders take their or- ders from Moscow. There are no free elections in the area they rule.

Western Germany governs itself as it democracy. French. Rrltish and Amcrlcan troops are still sta- tioned there. and the Western Al- lies cnntinuc to exercise some sun- ervision ovcr Germany's foreimi affairs. on most matters. however. the West Gr-rnians make their own

situation is this: backed by

in the near future.

Germany. also continues to be split into two parts. Russia controls one seciion of the city. while the West- ern Alllcs supervise another sec- tlon.

Gernians in both tllo cast and west want very much in sec. their country united tieain. Russia tells the Germans that she wants to help them l-nifc. hilt that the west is ”l'il1f”l'if' in their way.

The facts sccm clear. however that what Russia reallv wants is for the Allied military forces to

The girl said that she has lost her dime flndlrectl.

The rvirl said. "I have lost my dime. fDii-eci).

1. Whenever you write the exact words that someone smoke or wrote. enclose them within quotation marks. Example: John said. ''I have lost Mu nickel".

2. Where a quotation is divided. both parts are enclosed by minia- tlon marks and the words between the part- are iiailailv enclosed by commas. Thus. "This hm". raid the teacher. "is it stood student."

3. Begin ever-v ouotailon with in capital letter. where a ouotatlon is broken do not brain the second part with a capital letter iiplo.-a the first word of the pound part begins a sentence. or is A word that must be capitalized whenever

Dvlna, river. Russia: has nririn lin two ht-ad-streams in Vololrda: enters White Sea by wide estuary. 25 miles below .lrehanael- length

navigable for about 174 dull: con- nected liv canal with eye and volts. (2). Southern Dvina (Ger. Dims). river Rm-sis and Latvia: rises near soure-a of Voice and Dill-oer. flows l.W. to Vifeh-lit. th- w..oast. Daugavoils to Gulf of

too N I (In-'Riga: length. c. all) m.: arr-ll v--- selis ascend to Vitehsk- mouth froz- separating two watersheds is call-

eo December to March ,

decisions. Plans are under way to make them still more independent

Berlin former national capital of

WEST IIIGIIWAY

the winds and waves of tropical s . The longest bridge is over seven miles long.

Forty miles of this railroad was destroyed in 1985 by a tidal wave. The railroad then sold its right of way for an automobile highway. The bridges and viaducta were then widened for motor traffic. The highway was opened in 1038.

This route follows the Flor- ida Keys -- little tropical islands which are famous fishing grounds. Ramps lead from the highway to roadside camps. Many fish from the bridges.

CABRAL

home to tell the king of Portugal that he found a rich country in- habited only by naked savages.

The king was quick to take ad- vantage of the new discovery. es- pecially as Vasco da Gama found that the land lay a long way to the southward. The first colony was established south of Bahia in 1503. A short time later another settle- ment was made on the Bay of Bahia itself. and these colonies be- came centres from which other set- tlcments were made.

THE PITCIIER PLANT

There are reddish lines extending down the body of the leaf from the hood.

The remains of insects are com- monly found in the base of the tube inside of the leaf, and it seems that the leaf uses the insects for food. The whole leaf presents a somewhat bizarre appearance and. looking like a sort of fairy puzzle. must excite the curiosity of an in- sect if it has any. This plant be- longs to the Pitcher Plant family. but differs somewhat in the form of its leaves from the pitcher plants found in the bogs of the eastern United States

THE ELEVATOR

sure. We call these hydraulic elev- ators.

Every oak was once an acorn.

When you try to get cvcn. you lcwer yourself.

"P" added to luck spells pluck.

Give ils courage to do something. lest we fall for anything.

WEST GERMANY

get out of Germany so that the Communists can aeize control of Western Germany as they already have done in the east. The West- ern Allies completely sympathize with the desire of Germany to un- ite. but they will permit such unity only if the U. N. agrees to super- vise free elections and guarantees are worked out to keep Germany independent of outside control.

Many Germails fully realize the game that Russia is playing. and they do not want their country united until proper safeguards are established to insure against Com- munist domination. Others. eager for immediate union. have fallen for the Communist propaganda line that Russia is their friend and the Allies are their enemies.

The Voice of America and other Allied agencies are trying to make as many Germans as possible real- lze the true situation.

A descrlntioii of present-day llfc in West Germany and of the part that country is playing in Europ- ean affairs. follows:

l. Economic Recovery. Western Germany has made extensive pro- grass in repairing the tremerzdoils damages incurred during World War II. New apartment houses. homes. stores. and older buildings are rising everywhere. Factories are turning out about 25 per cent more goods than they did before the war. Sales to foreign countries of machinery textiles. chemicals. and other goods are bringing in three times as much money as in 1949.

A great many West German fam-- llies are still poorly.holised. A mil- lion German workers cannot find jobs.

Even though the West Gnrmans have irreailv boosted their foreign sales. they need to increase them still more. This -is whv: They must buy 40 per cent of the food they renulre from other lands. They must also purchasn raw materials for their factories. To pay for these products from the outside. they must sell large quantities of in- dusirlal goods to other nations.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

it '3 iv-lnfl.

4. Take care to put iiiaidc the quotation marks any period or comma at the end of a. ouotation. or any comma at the end of a part of a broken ouotation.

5. Use only one punctuation mark at. the cod of a nivnt-tlon. "I am unhappy!" said the little izlrl. "But why are you unhappy?" demanded her mother.

6. In writing a conversation. be- gin each new paragraph with each chance of speaker. '

7. A nuotatinn within a nuotation is enclosed in single quotation nrjnv-y-u

8. If successive paragraphs are cuotv-vi. nuotatlnri marks come at the beginning of each psrafrraoh .hut at the end of the last one only. .

GEOGRAPHY

Daugsvnil-. or nvinali. town. Latvia. on B. Dvina 3.. fill in 8.11. of Riga: railway function. military r-mire. timber industries. Pop. 41.-

c 700 m. of which over 9.10 m. is 000

. . . I Soeais. wat. ul.. Liguria. MW. Italy; on nay of Specie: chief ital- isn arsenal and naval station: docks and shipbuilding yards: electrical nizcblnery: exports olive oil. Pop. ll. . Watershed. the slope down which a stream flows. The Men ground

ed'the water parting or diyide.,but

miles or let Vs. ilry Weddings

'I'OR0.N'I0. Ilamh 3-The prob-

brought to the attention Board of Evangelism Service of The United church of Canada at their annual, meeting at the Wesley Buildings, Toronto. Saburday in a paper prepared by Dr. Gerald Rogers, of Knox United Church. Edmonton. Dr. fingers was not present at the meeting. His paper read by Dr. C. A. Gowans. Toronto. states:

"For several years my wife and I have made it our policy when- ever lnvited to a wedding to in- quire as to whether the reception is to be wet or dry. if it is dry we accept gladly. If it is wet, even for the toast only, we decline court- eously and we give the bride and groom our best wishes before their car leaves the church. -

"The results have been more than wortlvwhile. There have been, of course, instances in which this policy has caused me some unpopulariiy. Every minister has to face the issue as to where duty and popularity conflict. Perhaps an no other point is the issue more acute than here. while there have been occasions when my wife and I have been omitted from the list of guests 1: find that generally our church people respect their minister and his wife for taking a stand that cannot be misunder-

couple and their families: it pro- vides a modest remuneration for the Woman's Association. and the question. twhich shall it be-wet or dry?' is at once eliminated."