a. i" 12414:)» . .4

(QLQETOUR THE G UAR DIAN

flllbfllllll Dally (Fuulllled In 11911) Authorized ua hrs-null (lriu Hail. Viral 0"“! urpufllnrlll, 0111mm The Inland liuuriliurr Publlallllll C9- ldltnr lllll blulnllln] lllrrs-lnr, J If Burl!"- Aursr-lula l-Zrlllur. f-‘muli Walls".

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than ‘ the Weakest ink."

CHARLOTTEIUWN. SATURDAY, FEB. 5. 194i ‘Fishery Prospects

At the East Coast Fisheries Conference at Halifax this week the fact was brought ‘out that Canada's salt fish production is continu- ing at a vary high level, but demands in western hemisphere markets have been so ‘great tllfll producers have had to pass uplpossible mfltlleli in European countries. Canadian trade com- missioners overseas have therefore been “asked ‘to refrain temporarily from active promotion 0f the salt fish business in their districts. Pros- pects for developing new markets in 1949 would not be known until the year's trend in fish production became definite some time during the spring.

This news accentuates the importance of the establishment here next summer of a cen- tral artificial cod-drying plant, coupled with the Provincial Government project to provide bait storage facilities which will be completed by mid-April. These plants will be on a scale large enough to meet the requirements of all our cod fishermen. With expanding markets on this con- tinent for their product, the outlook is decidedly promising. Incidentally, it was stated at the Hali- fax conference that the shortage of bait In NOW Scatia, on which our lsland fishermen have had to depend at certain seasons, has necessitated the transportation of large bait supplies from the Pacific Coast. The Federal Government has agreed to pay transportation charges of about $65,000 in moving the bait.

Elsewhere in today's issue appears a report of the address given at the conference by Mr. Sidney Burhoe, president of the Prince Edward lsland Fisheries Federation. Mr. Burhoe is a strong advocate of a national policy of compul- sory inspection and grading of all canned fish and fish products. He made it clear that he was voicing his,own opinions, and not necessarily those of the Federation as a whole. But there should be no dispute as to the need of improving production and grading methods by every prac- ticable means to meet the intensive competition in this branch of the industry.

The 00st 0f Houses-And Cars

The Financial Post takes a backward glance to 40 years ago "when the more sophisticated horse was getting over his fright at an automo- bile," and compares the cost of cars with houses in that day, when both were almost entirely built wit-h hand tools, and then makes another com- parison today, with quite interesting results. Forty years ago the vehicle cost about as much as the average six-room frame house, the Post recalls, an.’ adds, "Today that frame house, still built almost entirely with hand tools and not greatly changed inside or out, will cost around

II

I In. cars, however, there is a startingly dif-

ferent story, the contemporary observes. "The price today is only one third to one quarter the cost of the standard small house, when gav- ernment taxes, not a factor in 1910 car prices are subtracted." And cars have changed a great deal, for the better, since that time. The Post says that "if these modern cars had to be built with the hand tools of 1910 they would cost at least $60,000 each."

Perhaps there is a lesson there for the home building industry. While the auto manufacturers found new tools and new methods of mass pro- duction to reduce costs the home construction people are still using the some old tools and methods.

Aluminum Butter Wrapper

At any Canadian grocery one of these days, one may get a pound of biltter neatly done up in aluminum. The aluminum is light -- it weighs no more than a breath —- but it keeps the butter sweet longer than the regular parchment wrap- per does. As much as 400 per cent longer.

The Bacteriology and Dairy Research Di- vision, Science Service,‘ Dominion Department of Agriculture, put the new wrapper through lab- oratory tests recently ond it passed them all with high marks.

By treating the aluminum on both sides to prevent corrosion by brine and by lining the aluminum with a very lightweight parchment, any chance of a metallic taste on the butter sur- faco has been eliminated.

Comparisons of the aluminum wrap with a parchment wrap were made, using well-worked butter made from fresh, sweet cream and cam- mercial creamery butter. The prints were wrap- pad by hand and kept at 40 degrees and 60 de- grees Fahrenheit for 28 days. Prints were also held in apple and potato storage roams at 39 degrees.

At both the first two mentioned tempera- tures, flavour scores for the “surface butter of

rints in tho aluminum wrap were one to two points higher than for butter in parchment. Ex- cept for one lot held at 60 degrees, the alumin- um wrapped butter maintained the same flavour score at tho surface as for the interior of the print. With parchment, the flavour score was always at least one point lower at the surface than for the interior. '

ln apple and potato storage room's, parch- mont-wroppod butter lost two and one points, respectively, in flavour score, while there was no loss of flavour score for butter in "aluminum, nor was thoro any indication of absorption of odours

or flavours from other products.

Aluminum wrapping agave complete protec- tion to butter exposed to lrect and indirect sun-

pgm for]; days, wiiih butter in parchment de-

yqbgfltall flavours at the surface and lost a "d, g1 ‘no points in flavour score after y“ "Rum hours gxposuro to direct sunlight.

lt also developed definite, oxidized flavours af- ter one and a half hours exposure to ‘sunlight.

The average loss of weight per pound print for the aluminum wrap was one-third less for parchment at 40 degrees and only one-fifth at 6O degrees. ' l

There was a definite deepening of the col- our at the parchment-wrapped butter surface, ‘but no visible colour change occurred with the aluminum wrap.

J EDITORIAL NOI ES f,

Tomorrow, 5th. Sunday after Epiphany.

The first R. A. F, College founded at Cran-

well, this date 1920.

' Onward and upward, may well be the motto of our egg producers.

This is the time when the City Council's footpath by-laws, properly enforced, should prove a boon and a blessing to men and women.

. r a

Everyone will agree that potatoes are the most filling food in the market, but not neces- sarily the cheapest. The cheapest food is un- doubtedly milk containing all the essentials and to be obtained for the price of an old song.

s a

Financial ‘difficulties for Argentina, which deliberately treated the war as an occasion for great profits, indicates that not even business- like neutrality can be really profitable in a dis- organized world.

I I

Winnipeg engineers have developed a new technique for working on underwater bridge foundations. Dry ice is used to freeze the area and a shallow excavation is made, freezing and digging alternately until it is possible to pour reinforcing concrete.

I I

An exception to the general improvement in road safety is the frequently blind approach ta intersections located in towns and villages. An express power for municipalities to remove trees, fences and other obstructions to vision would allow the elimination of many hazards.

‘C’ i 6

Prime Minister St. Laurent's proposal that Canada should have the power to anfend her own constitution has long been generally accept- ed in principle. What has prevented it so far is failure to find a procedure for amendment on which Canadians could agree.

1' ‘A A

i r

A branch of the British Legion some time ago devised a scheme for relieving the tensions arising out of living with in-laws without pro- viding additional housing. The idea, which has caught on over‘ a wide area, is to organize the exchange of living quarters by couples who find living with their own in-laws something af a problem.

i I i

The first talking traffic light signal, de- veloped entirely in the United Kingdom, was demonstrated at Hayes, England, the other day. lt is an automatic device, operating independent- ly or in conjunction with traffic lights, which gives spoken warnings to pedestrians at road crossings. One typical message given at the demonstration was "Before crossing look right, look left, look right again. Thank you." The apparatus in its compact waterproof housing weighs approximately 3O pounds and is con- rained in a box fixed to the top of the signal past. lt can operate either alone. with a tim- ing device, or synchronized with a normal traf- fir. signal. The new signal does pot shout its instructions. lt quietly coaxes people across the road or warns them of the need for looking left and right before stepping off the curb.

fi i ‘I

Sir Robert Peel, British statesman, born this date 1788. Was the father of income tax. At a time of great domestic and foreign misfortunes Britain was practically at the end of her tether financially. She had tapped every sources of revenue when Sir Robert hit upon the idea of restoring Free Trade in foodstuffs to encour- age manufacturers by plentiful cheap labour in the cities. This showed new strength of manu- facturing as opposed to the farm or landed in- terests, and was followed by an lncome Tax Act providing for a levy on every man's income of $500 per annurn upwards. Sir Robert claimed it would be only a temporary tax to be removed as soon as the wartime financial muddle had been cleared up. But it never has been removed; rather it has been expanded and succession du- tics added as wall. Sir Robert retired before the great new Liberal wave in 1846, and died from the effects of a fall from his horse four years later.

A return of the travelling expenses for the year ended March 1948 of the officials of the various departments was brought dowli in the House of Commons on request of Mr. T. L. Church as follows: The Agriculture Department topped the travelling expense list with $1,766,218 for 1947-48 compared with $1,507,412 for the previous year. Veterans’ Affairs came next with $1,094,951 against $1,295,151, while the Prices Board which ran up $994,715 in travelling ex- penses to $430,744 last year. Totals for other departments in 1947-48 (1946-47 totals in brack- ets): Transport, $520,901 ($535,448); Trade and Commerce, $278,613 (267,493); National Re- search Council $105,088 ($110,280); R. C. M. P., $2,003 ($893); External Affairs, $326,518 ($265,- 267); Unemployment insurance Commission, $489,810 (507,615). Civil Service Commission,

$34,770 ($39,144); Mines, $516,810 ($476,483);"

National Film rboord, $183,413 ($254,632); Health Department, $441,883 ($363,540); Rev- cnue (customs), $343,678 ($320,788); Revenue (taxation) $459,110 ($340,322); Post Office De- partment. $114,094 ($109,100). Public Works, $188,556 ($123,194); Reconstruction $47,702 ($198,366); Labor, $119,844 ($153,353); Justice, $15,094 ($13,664); Government House, $418 ($1,653); Secretary of State's Department, $9,354 ($14,111); Finance, $37,277 ($61,599); Public Printing and Stationery; $628 ($1,533.)

n1;

ALWAYS

,_ QUARDlAN, ; CilAlflJflTETOWN __

8011.0

SUCH B16 FIRES Tb KEEP ME OUT ~- lF ONLY Ti-IEWD

90W

Old Charlottetown (aria r. a. u

EARLY MILLING OPERATIONS

The following account of milling and farming operations on the Is- land in pioneer days is from Lord Selkirlfis diary of October. 1804, and ls the last. of a series of excerpts published occasionally in this col- umn from n transcript in the posi- session af Mr. Dauguld MacKln- non. M.L.A.: "Hayrlom-millwriglil-near Chur- latte Town gave me an eslimule for mills an Lots 58 or 57. A saw mill of 1 saw £150 including framed house (if with two saws on one wheel £60 additional). A grist mill with log house £100. if house fram- ed £20 additional. This independ- ent of irons, millsfones and dam. Irons reckoned uf 1/ per lb, £25 for each mill. Stoves are charged from £40 to £50 :1 pair by the mer- chants. The mill rlnm, 100 nirds long, 13 foot high, 30 feet at fun. and 8 or" 10 at to} may cost £100 and employ 2 axemen and 8 labour- ers for ‘.1 months.

"The darn is framed of large hem- lock lags, botwren which earth ls filled in. The mill ls always set closo 1o the dam or ziclually forms il Pllll 0f if: the reason for this is that the soil is so porous that. a mill load cannot be made without great ilifficuliy. It also enables the mill to work all winter. One dam mny be maria to serve both grist nnrl snw mill. The saw mill could cut at lcusi 1,000 feel per day with one saw or 2.000 feet wllli two, and one man caultl attend.

"The price of boards is £3 per 1,000 feet, and linlf produce is a1- lowerl for the mill. when people bring the logs. A! this rate. if cansfiiiiiLv employed. lhe mills. should turn out about £450 the sin- glr- 0r E000 iho double saw. Con- stant omploymcnl could not be reckoned upon from the country, but lf men were employed lu pru- ruro logs, l~l:i_\'(lon Junr. says flint 2 zixoman i-aulrl nearly keep li gn- ing and would supply lots at 1/ each if within ‘l mile of water car- riage. or 2/ If within 2 miles; 4 lags al {IYEITIEZE furnish 1,000 feel.

"James Williams reckons 2,000 ft. per day will: one saw night and dill“ 200 fl. pr. log at. average-cost 1/ pr. 10g on Pinelte and lolul ex- Derrscs for exportation 20/ per 1,000 feet on board; cannot depend on more ‘than 40/ or 50/ price for ex- portation. Laird, however, ililnks that 4 or 5 hands would be required to keep il going and oltl Haydon said G, and that n mlll cutting 2.000 feet required two men to attend.

I I I

"The grist mill is reckoned to grind about 4 bushels pr. hour or 100 vr- day-oi 1/ 12 produce 8 bushels at 5/--£2 for its day's work; but ll could not he kepl at. work but a very lnconsiderable propor- tion of the year. The farmers grind only for lliolr own use, and the neighborhood at. present would not afford 30 or 40 families to grind at the mlll, and that 1n competition with another at Cherry Valley.

“Grinding for exportation could be but a small business from lhe very small quantity of grain which tire farmers sell. It. la an extra- ordinary thing for a farmer lo sell 100 bushels and the generality of old settlers even not above '50. Haydon reckoned the average about 3O bushels; Mr. McEachern taking old and new overhead 20 bus. pro- duce of wheat 20 to 30 bushels weighing 56 lo 63 lbs. Barley and oats 30 to 40 bushels. Oisls are sent. to Halifax rind bring is higher price there than the Nova Scolia oats.

"Most farmers sow a small patch of Indian corn. but chiefly for eat- ing in the milk. Capt. Bees-es sows more than rnosl and hol bad 60 bushels per acre; but the quantity of labour it requires ll against ill spreading, tho’ it does not require more than potatoes.

"Tillage, however. of any kind ll but a secondary object in the Il- land. It la on cattle that tho run is. and from that money is ex-

pected. About 400 aria exported an- nually to Newfoundland. At l3

PUBLIC FORUM

fi Thin column ll/ open to llse

discussion by correspondents of questions of interest. The Guardian does not lly endorse the opinion n! correspondents.

?-€€~

WOiwO-ZWOWOWOQ HOG DIARKETING PROBLEM

Slr,—In your \rVednesrlay's edi- tion, Feb. 3, you had an exceedingly valuable article on the hog ntnrkel- lng problem. This is of great, im- portance lo the people of Print-a Edward Island, owing lo the fact that the Island bacon hogs are du- cidedly supetlor to those of tho other Canadian Provinces nnd of the United Slates as well. For some reason, we seem to luck lhe'an'ihiil- lion to work up an Island hog monopoly, due. lbeliove. very large- ly to the fact that the Provincial Government is afraid that if we in- crease our hog population the limo might come when llie Northwest would not be Willing to scll us nil the barley and oals that we should require.

In this connection if ls well to re- membcr that ll ls only tho mnfirrr of u few years when lllt‘ Rocky Mountain Watershed will have been turned eastward ln sufficient- ly large quantities to irrigate lhnl very rich but dry area in southern Alberta, where the black sail, lo my personal knowledge. ls quite deep, and with ample water will be the realest grain producer 1n the Wes . The Maritime: are subscrib- ing to the enormous cost of con- verting this Rocky Mountain Watershed and lf. is well lo keep this fnct constantly before lhn Feti- eral Government, so that when tho daycomes when the coarse grains are being produced, w" shall be on- tlllerl to demand ‘the full simply of whatever‘ is required to inure-use lo

its llnilt the production o1 our bacon hogs. Nor may ll be forgotten lllfll

when we consider the question of bringing grain to P. E. I. from the West there will be lwo routes lo consider-namely, via Port Arthur and the Hudson Bay. Moreover. If the Ungavn steel prodution is rlcr- veloped as Montreal and Toronto seem to expecf, we shall have in the lVlarllimes a large number of vessels built to curry Iron. which, without notice. can be made to carry grain equally well.

But then, what about nn eleva- tor? You can't curry grain in any vessel unless you have an elevator" in which to unload it.

1 am. Sir, elc. 1-1. K. S. HEMMING. l Charlottetown, Fob. d, 1949.

{P108111 and £5 other charges they come there to a good. but not very steady market. The exporters say about. £7 average a tread, £9 oxen, £4 or £5 cows; some oxen fatten l0 seven cwl. and sell at Newfound- land towards £20. Beef in the ls- land is about 5d. per lb.

"The demand for hay is such that fliio‘ there has been a great call for more settlers lo lhe lsland) few individuals in it would ‘be glnd to see them, if they were thereby lo be deprived of marsh. Severql set- tlers on Vernon River hriri been ln the habit. of cutting marshes air Lot 57 besides lhe people rwho had set down on it 1n expectation of its llllllll escheated and there was reo- lon to believe that both would in general have wished the new Coi-

§.

Daybreak was silver and 11s 1m-

prlnl lay

Upon the sea. The last stars hang-

ing nigh

Against the slumbering pillars of the airy,

Blinkecl nricl went out and sudden- ly the day Turned info rainbows.

dawn unfurled Its blazing banners. wind a gull down the lonely marshes. their the full . Colors swept tii-‘ough the gateways of the worlcl. And sWntling there upon the very rlni Of beauty, t€Cll1§ crime true, And lmw from darkness wonder grew; Seeing these things. once so dim Cleared and was snlvod. beyond what 11nd se. uerl dense- Rcnllly erased linpcnnanenco. -—1{'.n'uld Vlnal iii the Christian Science hlonlloi‘.

when the Down the

Cried

how the day

such a

the riddle

Running a Newspaper Hazardous Business

iThe Ottawa Joumali

Seven manllis after if appeared us the successor to Marshall Field's PM, the Now York Slur lins died. Worth noting. this, by lll(‘ gaorl people who. \s'llling lo nilmlt their deficiencies 1n other fields, ire quite sure they (‘Oillfl run n newspaper. PM was founrlorl eight yours ago by Marshall Field. Chicago millil- millioniiirif. lrlernltlerl by glittering prospectus, and with Ralph Inger- soll as it: ctliloi". it would be rlif- faranl. Whcn (Zapfaln Fitzgerald. a noted British character. wrote lira prospectus for tho alrl Pull lVlall Gazelle. he Stlltl it. would be u paper “writlcn by gentleman for gentlemen." PM would be n pzipor for intellectuals written by intel- lectuals. There WOfIliT be no ad- vertising; pa comics; none of the "features" which mride ordinary newspapers "dcplorablc." If e r e would he n journal which would print the "real nr-u-s", which would nppenl only to intelligence. quench- ing the thirst of people for prollllcs. and philosophy, and the arts and science.

o o a

Seven _vr\ars rind 54.000000 after- wards. PM died. Worse than flint. it riled lnglorlausly. Mr. lngersoll and his “intellectual? discovered, ‘and Mr. Marshall Field's brink ac- count. an urell. that running u news- paper was not. so easy; discovered also that the number of people who wanted a newsplipefifllled with dis- cussions of politics and philosophy and science was not us great as they thought. As their education pro- gressed they forgot. some of their ideals. came down off their pedestal lo solicit advertising.

Too late. For the advertisers were not anxious la advertise in a paper with a circulation steadily falling because it was an incredibly dull paper-little more than a daily pamphlet carrying propaganda for this cause and that, and being bad- monnered In the process. Even

onlel for enough. The hay which was not wanted either an the new laid out loin, or some of the re- served lands, these people were. in general, glad lo lake on shares."