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'63: Guardian

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THURSDAY, AUGUST 20. 1964.

Dew

Prank Walker Editor

PAGE 4

The Reason Why

From now on, says Mr. Real Caouette, he and his Creditiste sup- porters in the House of Commons will do everything they can to block passage of any bills which originate in the Senate. He has no use for the Upper House because its members are not elected, and this is the rea- son he gives for his proposed block- ode.

It sounds very democratic. A lot of people are dissatisfied with the services rendered by the Sen- ate, and see need for its reform. Not all of them, however, will agree that it should be changed into an elective body. It would then become subject to the redistribution that goes on in the House of Commons after every national census, and that would defeat its purpose entirely.

It is well to remember that when the Commons was being establish- ed, with the more populous regions naturally being given more members of Parliament than the less popu- lous, the latter ran the danger of being always out-voted on import- ant issues by politicians from the larger provinces. Therefore they wanted a Parliament in which the major regions of the country would have equal representation; and this they obtained in the Senate.

The senators come from the dif- frent parts of Canada. on a fairly strict mathematical basis. Quebec has 24 senators. Ontario has 24 senators. The four Western provin- ces have 24 senators, each province having six. The three Maritime provinces have 24 senators, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick having 10 each, and Prince Edward Island four. Only Newfoundland breaks the regularity of the "twenty-four” pattern, for Newfoundland became a province long after the pattern was established, and was simply given six senators when it joined Canada in 1949.

Because MPs are elected and cabinet ministers are always con- centrated in the Commons, most important parliamentary business originates in that chamber. The British North America Act says, in fact, that all bills that require the spending of the taxpayers’ money must originate there. The Senate has important functions of its own, its chief one being to act as a check on hasty legislation.

Unfortunately, senators are too often appointed as a reward for partisan services rather than be- cause they are distinguished citi- zens who as senators may render important services to their country. This is the real point at issue, and it is an important one. Every Prime Minister has it in his power to make non-penis“ appointments when v'ooancieo occur in this body, if he chooses to do so. That is where Senate reform should begin, as Mr. Matte very well knows.

Breeding More Trouble Berlin has the and reputation of holding top place in the suicide until-tics of the World Health Dr- ganisation. In West Berlin, more than 800 people take their own lives "I? year. The reasons are widely

Med. but from farewell letters

. other documents, It is clear ‘1‘. M since the Berlin Wall was built

ullenaom othu noses of death.” This is to cover up the fact that the number of suicides has increased greatly since the Berlin Wall went up three years ago.

This is the symbol of a divided Germany which it is Communist policy to maintain indefinitely, rec gardless of the consequences in human suffering on both sides. Why? The answer commonly given is that the Russians are afraid of a German resurgence and revenge. But is their dividing Germany a guarantee against this?

The new German Federal Re- public is incorporated in the West- ern defense alliance which pledges it automatically to consultation with the NATO governments and to the restraints which all those govern- ments accept. It has accepted limitations on arms production and armaments. The Western Powers, moreover, have put forward plans for satisfying Russian nervousness on this score. If there is anything that can create a threat of extrem- ism to the democratic controls of post-war Germany it is the violent sentiment and distress which par- tition must breed.

It is unrealistic to imagine that there can be a lasting settlement in Europe so long as this situation prevails. In past history Poland, 9. smaller and weaker country than Germany, was partitioned three times. The Poles never accepted partition, and it did not last. Nor it is likely that history will give a different answer in this case. But for the immediate future one can only predict a continuance of the situation resulting ‘in the grim statistics of which the World Health Organization has taken note.

Pesi War Continues

Our Island legislators who have been confronted with the problem of pesticide control will be interested in a recent news item from Wash- ington. President Johnson has ask- ed Congress for $29 million to in- tensify research on pesticides, and the Senate appropriations commit- tee has included the sum in the farm money bill. Much of the money will go for research on nonchemical in- sect killers.

The US. secretary of agricul- ture, Mr Freeman, said recently that the real goal is to avoid the use of chemical insect controls alto- gether, if possible. Some of the new techniques, which smack of science fiction, offer real hope for the fu- ture in this regard.

Parasites, predators and insect diseases may be used to Whittle down undesirable insect species. At the University of California they are using hybrid wasps, bred from parents obtained elsewhere, to de- stroy house flies. The wasps de- posit their eggs in adolescent flies. The offspring feed on the flies and kill them.

“Black” or ultraviolet light has been tested with some success to at- tract cotton pests to fans which suck them into traps. A highly re- fined mineral oil, not considered toxic to wildlife, has been sprayed on orange and grape fruit trees. It kills pests by suffocation and then disappears. Consideration is also being given to use of synthesized female sex attractants to lure s. variety of insects into traps where they can be destroyed by conven- tional insecticides.

However, it will take research, manpower and far more money than even the United States is prepared to spend at present to bring such techniques to the practical stage and permit their widespread use in agriculture. The alternative is the continued poisoning of the country with persistent, toxic chemicals.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Republicans are trying to force President Johnson into a yes or no decision on a television debate with Senator Goldwater. As they see it, they can’t lose either way. If the President agrees, the Republican candidate shares the presidential spotlight. If he refuses, it will be a campaign issue;

0

A Durham. England, farmer re- ports that he used soap powder to produce a banner crop of spuds. He htjaetcd it--mixed with a certain fertiliser—Into his seed potatoes. with very satisfactory results. A aphaman for the Royal Horticul- ttn-al Society contents himself with remarking that the achievement was “unusual and interesting."

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"I THINK I’LL STAY A WALLFLOWER”

SETAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

Continuing Chaos On Parliament Hill

The chaos on Parliament Hill

5 led Prime Minister Pear- son to establish a very unusual annex to the House of Commons. This is private meetings of the leaders of the five political par- ties now represented in Parlia- ment, summoned to negotiate the terms and conditions on which they will permit the Com- mons to handle the nation’s business. “We have had useful meetings with the party leaders, and I hope the procedure can be con- tinued," Mr. Pearson recently told the Commons.

Normally this routine negot- iation is handled, swiftly and amicably, by periodical meet- ings of the House Leaders of the various parties. But this system broke down in the pre- sent parlinment, reportedly for two reasons. First, the House Leaders of the other parties realised that their Conserva- tive oppostie number, Gordon

Churchill was later broken. A well - known example of this occurred when the government moved to increase the remune- ration of 5. And secondly, Churchill has refused to attend meetings of House Leaders.

DICTATOR-LIKE SECRECY

Not everyone will agree that closed meetings of party leaders are the ideal way to con- duct parliament a ry negotia- tions: or even that the are in keeping with the democratic in- stitution of parliament. whose purpose is to govern by open decisions openly reached in public meetin .

But at least there has b es en some hope that such meetings might provide the setting where Messrs Pearso n and Diefen- baker could oth withdraw gracefully from their foolishly over - extended positions on the flag. And this despite disagree- ments as to the past, present and future.

this t h r e e-point compromise was ur ed:

1. Mr. Pearson should with- drew his 3-leaf design, and substitute a l-leaf design.

2. The Red Ensign should be adopted instead of the Union Jack as the flag symbolizing our membership in the Com- monwealth.

3. lead e r 5 should per- mit their followers to vote free ly in accord with their Individ- ual consc ienc e, rather than under direction by their partv;

inister would not consider a rejection of the flag proposals to be a vote of non - confidence in his govern- ment necessitating another el- ection. Party leaders were to consult their followers about these hopeful proposals, and report back to a later summit confer-

ence. PUZZLING DENIAL But within a few days, Mr. D asserted in e Commons: “There was no question raised at any meeting regarding the nature, kin d and design of a .i'u

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Where lies the truth — in the report Iquote, or in Mr. D‘s contradiction? Is there some other explanation? Or had Mr. D., as so often, failed to he a r what was said because he had not adjusted his hearing ai ?

0 use the wor which Mr. Pears on himself uttered in somewhat similar cicumstances another day, he -— and at least

Finding Th

3W8

A University of Waterloo his- tory professor has announced he a d ee French-Canadian c01- leagues are writing a new Can- adian history texc book. Wheth- er Louis Riel was a good guy or a bad guy depends upon wheth- er the history book you read was written in Quebec or Ontar- io, the professor says. The inten- tion of the new text is to over- come the discrepancies between the French- Canadian and Eng- lish - Canadian viewpoints which occur in existing histories. he

says.

A new Canadian history text- book which brings fresh insight. based on scholarship, into to e nation’s past will be a welcome achievement. But we are a little suspicious of the professor’s de- clared intention. We hope he and his colleagues have not set out deliberately to reach a com-

e Reol Riel

“fla bergasted" But nothing was said ' why? And still the talk in the Parliament Building reveals the uneasi ne s s and the lack of trust which this and other epi- sodes or misunderstandin gs have built up in this unhappy parliament.

some other party leaders - a - peared to be b

Journal

promise between the two oppos- ing views. History, particularly at matriculation level. should not be rewritten, even in the worthy cause of promoting na- tional unity.

Interpretations of the events of the past will always vary. Studies on the Reformation will continue to be written from the Roman Catholic and Protestant points of view. Assessment of men and ideas will continue to change with time. Not every historian today would agree that King John was not a good man. What the Victorian scholar found shocking in earlier some- ties is not dealt with so harshly by today's writers. all means, point out discrepan- cies In historical interpretation. but let us not "overcome" them.

Cuban Exiles Offensive

Fort William Times-Journal

Spokesman for the Nationalist Cuban Association in New York, a group of exiles from Castro’s country, boldly announced yes-

rday that their demoliri on squad had damaged a Cuban freighter at a pier in the harbor of Montreal. Verification of the fact that an explosion had oc- curred came from Royal Canad- ian Mounted and Montreal pol- ice who investigated.

The government at Ottawa should be on its toes, hopping mad. What the Cuban exiles do against Fidel Castro’s ships in international waters my not

the immediate concern of Canada. When these exiles send their agents into this country, violating the sovereignty of the Dominion, and then boasting about it in New York, stern ac- tion by the authorities in Ottawa becomes imperative.

It is not enough that the mem- bers of the “demolition squad" be apprehended and punished. Because the Nationalist Cuban Association has openly accepted responsibility for the incident deep in Canadian territory, sc- iion should be taken against the

Association. strong representa- tions should be made to the United States gov at l

Washington. CanadaI requires a guarantee that there shall be no repetition of such deliberate dis- regard of Canadian sovereignty. The American government, hav- ing given asylum to these Cub- ans and allowed the exiles to op- erate from headquarters in the United States, is morally bound to discipline their wards to the end that no more sets of this kind are carried out in Montreal or any other place within the boundaries of Canada.

History’1:.“isnvmilreiceulwr Thieves

Some of history's greatest jewel thieves might have twist- ed In their graves If they'd heard about the man who sear- ched Buckingham Palace for a missing $11,000 diamond brooch. The men used an electronic de- vicewbichhe ran over the Queen's lawn. her carpets and furniture.

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Treatment Of Ulcers

B.Van use

De fol-ax-

treating 6,900 persons p- tic ulcer during the last 18 years. All had positive x-rays, leaving no doubt of the existence of the lesion. The majority have been followed up to determine whether treatment was success- in!

Dr. Edward A. Marshall and colleagues at the Huron Road hospital are of the opinion that no c ulcers heal slo ba- muse it is difficult to neutralize continuou stomach juic- es, including peptic acid. Gran- ulation tissue, which looks like proud flesh. forms on the floor of the ulcer and relieves

with scar tissue. The process is slow because the victims manu. facture too much acid, which competes with the formation of granulation tissue.

This sequence is logical. Many ulcer patients are reliev- ed of pain with antacids a n 6

show the presence of the crater, even after weeks of therapy. To overcome the handicap, the Cleveland mup adminiser liq- uid aluminum hydroxide or its equivalent in tablets that disin- tegrate rapidly in water, every Vs hour for 16 or more hours a

day.

The dosage is doubled at bed-

and in two and four hours after retiring. In addition, a drug that relaxes the stomach and the individual is given ev- ery hours along with an antacid laxative tablet. regimen of almost con- tinuous suppression of pepsin activity is maintained for 41/: to 6 months. Meanwhile, the per- son is allowed to eat anythin he could before the ulcer deve- loped, including fried foods, cabbage, pork, tomatoes, vine- gar, and spices. Those wh o smoked or drank before are per- mit-ted to continue. These physicians believe the results speak for themselves. Virtually all who were free of pain after the first 24 hours of treatment, despite the full diet, had no recurrence at the end of one year and 90 per cent after two years. Sixty per cent re- mained cured at the end of 10 years.

TYPES OF COLITIS G. T. writes: How does ulcer. ative colitis differ from colitis? ’ REPLY

Ordinary colitis is an over-all term for a wide variety of Infec- tions and irritations of the colon. The ulcerative type is one of the most serious and is so called be- cause ulcers develop on the walls of the colon.

ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE . . ites: Why are vic- tims of lupus erythematosus ad- vised to avoid exposure to sun- light?

REPLY Because it aggravates the condition. Many victims of this disorder develop violent skin re- actions and widespread activity of the disease following expos- ure to sunlight. BACTERIA AND PLANTS H. E. J. writes: Are tubercle bacilli considered fungi? REPLY No. Bacilli are true bacteria that are rod- shaped microscop- ic structures. Fungi are plants and vary In sire t of microscopic parasites to mush~ moms. RECONSTRUCTED N S]! E. S. writes: Are bad after ef- fects to be expected after the nose is remodeled?

REPLY No, provided the surgeon

NOTES BY THE wAvT

openata belsold enough to get a lioence.-- Cal- miles-aid.

lay It. millis- eggs apiece yearly, a fact that should yield some comfort to some TV a who lay one only once a week.— Fort Wil- liam TImesJournsi.

Ateperty.nsvalbtlaaAnscs Williams was Introduced to a

—The Reader's Digest.

(was .. a melon)

on... — largest apple can grow In. your Scale?" cm forum” -- Slop (inserinl that FIDO. — Sarnia Observer. there was her house. "Ha: the baby como‘to stay?" lhe .... Llit‘ a “" a iii! an."— Mum Star. "3' Australian student put on . riot «Aside the United States consulate at Sydney. With brawl; in; and a fiery cross they were mm W di this country. U mm ea In

Ineffective Watching Brief mascara”

. The “watching brief" that the North Atlantic alliance under» 00 G

no more effective than was ex-

pec .

Greece's decision announced Monday to withdraw forces as- signed to NATO gives a futile look to the "watch" which. in any case, never seemed a par- ticularly powerful device in view of the deep enmity be. tween the two countries.

The 15 NATO foreign minis- ters at their May meeting in

ague spent much of their time debating the darkening quarrel between Greece and Turkey - sister members of the alliance — over Cyprus.

They finally evolved the com- promise under which the secre- tary-general, then Dirk Stikker of the Netherlands, was to maintain the so-called watch over the two. The task now has fallen to his successor. Manl'io Broslo of Italy.

Cynics commented that it would be odd if the NATO exe- cutive chief did not "watch" a developing danger of war be- tween two member countries.

FIRMER ROLE OPPOSED

There seems no doubt the meeting would have attempted a firmer role but for opposition by the Greek foreign minister, Stavros Kostopoulos, who at first rejected the idea that the quarrel was any of NATO's business.

Canada and other countrie raised the possibility of invok- ing a section of the NATO dial-fer which empowers the secretary-general to offer "good

Writer

offices" to disputing member countries.

It provides that, with their consent, the score

his en sages something much stronger than a "watch" but an obstacle raised at the time was that NATO must in no way appear to be usurplng the prerogative of the Uni tiona as the mediation agent in the Cyprus dispute itself.

JOB LIMITED

NATO’a job was aimed spe. cifically at avoiding conflict be- ween Greece and Turkey, its member countries, and had nothing directly to do with Cy- prus, not a NATO member.

Yet most observers were con- vinced the path taken gave the secretary-general little hope of arranging, for instance, peace talks between Kostopoulos and Turkish Foreign Minister Cemal Erkin.

All this underlines the impor- tance of the UN mediator — Finland's S a k a ri Tuomioja, stricken seriously ill last week- s when he was about to travel to Ankara, Athens and Nicosia.