JUNE 10. 1933 1""? CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

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GARDENER

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i‘ h: How To Control Cabbage Worm

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New Brunswick ’s Spring Seeding R e p 0 r t

Failure In Oyster Spat Production At Shediac A warning circular has just been i?

issued by the Entomological Branch (A. W. l-L Needler, Atlantic Blolog- spawning. The beneficial effects m 3112;: a“; man°°bezgz munniuoron, N. n. June 1- - bi the Dominion Department of icsl Station) such a reserve are shown in the

, ' ,',,, 2m‘ u, , m l-“Mhfl W“ Vi". Wither-l the The call for high quality in dairy ion Grading negiuatlona, as well Agriculture dealing with the Cflb- ' 1n the summer of m2 the Biol- figure. In 1893 and 1894 the De- The blnl-hml“ “m” “m” b‘ w “WT w ° n‘ 5 ° “i winding up of spring seeding and products is more insistent than n, u... dealers, can iol- a. much bage worm and its control. Impbrt- ogical Board of Canada oommenc- partment oi fisheries, through Mr. "h under way now. I notice that flewdover thhemwholzucgg. 63111 3;‘ plgnflng in New Brunswick. it is ever before. Each year the market m-lrlcr cheese, and every pound of ed cabbage worms are velvety gwen ed an investigation of the oyster Emest Kemp, cleaned and planted m, shrubs 811d m“ new my 55rd‘ 8mm’ Bu: hmeywmsued on 111510811911 by 19130118 Iefleived here grows more exactlngfin its denwhds moisture expelled takes that much caterpillars commonly found fced- cultural situation at Shediac on the with small OY-Slfls an BT95 1n U" h, have many kinds o! small birds WP - J0 5 1'- 11mm VI-Ilw-B PM“ 01 111° PFWME- for the very best. cheese and butter mcré hulk to make n pound of ing on cabbages and cauliflowcrs. New Brunswick shore of Nortilum- productive part of Shediac bay

Essential Factors In 1 Quality. Dairy Production

I! Mil-DNA l

BY WARREN I... Provincial Dairy Superintendent

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(Canadian Press)

BIRD NOTES

6mm; ill them-but they don't :0,‘ ma, my bird boxes! By and w I hgpe they will get the bird box

hllbiti

“fir. Ludlow Jenkins of Mcrshficld ugh-ms me that I. Rdbin with a

of white on its bsck, has m“ its appearance in his district. M. a condition is due to failure ,1 the nomlal pigment cells, and is plied albinism.

The enquiry from Milton its to wheulel‘ tilcre are any peafowl now h, the island has brought no rc- muse. l am informed, however, on pod authority. that some years ago wollccck was kept by s. farmer in prince Coimty-uit Kensington, my biormallt tllou81lt-

Tilese birds, according ltc Charles nil-trill, the naturalist, mngly marked traits, a pugnacious imposition and a love of display. In hhlvell-kilown work “The Descent

striking response to m, Ghnlrlialrs advertisement of Dr. nvemfl-g pamphlet "Bird Houses mg their occupflnw" I W” 511°“ Hhcc lltzle stack of applications “W, "all, sorts and conditions of w, women and children." Mr. mm w, Tufts, chief Migratory 5mg oirlcer for the Maritimes, tells m, mat he ‘has still on hand a fcw wples or this excellent pamphlet, h, which application may be made to him direct. The pamphlet is

The beautiful plumage of male buds, insists Dr. Jordon in his "Birds of India," serves “to fas- cinate and attract the female." But males sometimes display their or- naments when not in the presence of the females, asimsy be noticed with the peacock; this bird evid- ently looks for an opportunity to show 0B, and Darwin notcs that it will display its finory before poultry or even pigs.

Naturalists agree that the Indian (Burmese) peacock and that of Java are o: different species. The former they call the crested pea- cock (Pavo crlstatus) and the lat- ter the Variable peacock (Pavo mu- ticus.)

Our Nauvo Blrds '

Birds of Prey (oontinuedz) (868) Barred owl or hoot owl, (870) greet

(372) saw-whet or Acadian owl. (373) screech-owl, (375) great hom- ed owl, (376) snowy owl, (3775) American Hawk Owl.

.Of the owls Nos. 875 and 876 are knovm to be harmful to poultry, and No. 377a. is suspected. The rest. ought to be protected as destroyers oi’ rats and mice.

Guckoos, woodpeckers, etc. (387) Yellow-billed cuckoo, (388) black- billed cuckoo, (390) Beltcd kingfish- er, (39311) Northern hairy wood- pecker, (394) Downy Woodpecker,

‘It is stated at the New Brunswick

grsy owl, (371) Richardson's Owl,.

Department of Agriculture that weather conditions in the past week have been ideal and the progress made has been marked, with the soil suitable for operations.

While the potato acreage this year- will be slightly under last year's an increase in grain acreage is indicated by official estimates. Wheat is one variety which the farmers are growing more exten- sively than usual, oats have shown substantial increase in production in recent years. '

should be protected. I had in mind those species that hunt in the twi- lght rather than in the day. Twi- light is the time when all the var- ieties of mice (of which we have four or five) begin to go abroad, and the owls are nature's check on their undue multiplicaton. In Wales at the present time there is an en- ormous "outbreak" of meadow mice or voles, which is causing great concern. An attempt is being made to take a census of the owls in the British Isles, and it comes as a sur- prise to be told that 26.000 is the computed number. O1 course those are not all in Wales or the meadow mice would have short shrift. At this distance one cannot well judge why the balance of nature is so upset that. the rodents have mul- tiplled.

obtainable; therefore there must be the closest oo-operation between producer and manufacturer in furn-

ishing a high class article. Thebest merits the closest attention when cheese can only be made from clean, so much depends on the quality o! , properly strained and the cream as it arrives at the cream cooled as soon as drawn from the cry. The expert butter maker (and cow; the milk can should be washed, we have quite a. number of such) scalded and properly aired; the can overcome many defects and cover should be placed dow-n tight manufacture a fairly good commer- and the can set in cold water or chi butter for immediate consump- tion from a. certain percentage of

The quantity of water required to No. 2 cream. But the butter we cool the milk depends on the t.em- should be manufacturing in this persture of the water itself, wheth- Province can only be made from or the weather is warm or cool, cream wiillalow acid content, with- and how early in the morning the out any objectionable flavors. Pas- mllk is delivered at the cheese fac- teurlzation and neutralization do tory. Milk that is a long time en much to aid in the keeping qualit-

sweet

water with lcc added -

route to the factory will require i

more cooling than that delivered 1H8 butt" 0R1! 01113’ be made 71°!" earlier in the day. Always remem- cream that has been properly cared ber water is a, much better cooling for on the farm. The patrons ale Rwdlllm than 811114141 if you have responsible and are requested w not aproperly insulated cooling tilnk produce the quality of cream re- a tub or barrel and plenty or 001d quircd alld to receive the highest.

water will give good results. witlrl

high quality milk, the producer 15 lbe of special grade, that is, clean in practically assured of high qugnby flavor. of R. uliifonn consistency and

fit for making into superior grade _ cream condition of the IOEWCS spraying llos

cheese in every factory in the ls-

land. Icbcleanlilless and low tem- butler. Tile acidity of this peratures be our motto for this shall not be more than .25 (one

quarter of one per cent) at the time me Creamery‘ shortly before being marketed, dust

$688011.

The question is often asked, Why of being graded at docs it now take more pounds of and shall contain l-lot. less than 25,’ per cent butter fat. The grading of . than it did twenty years ago? what, cream is compulsory and payment is made according to grade. Watch

milk to make a. pound of cheese

is the matter with the cheese milk-

cheese. No blame whatever is at- tached to the cheese maker.

The care of cream at the farm

es of our butter, but the high scor-

nzlrkct price for your cream it must

They eat large round ilolcs in the leaves and frequently hon; info the centre of cabbage heads. The adults are the yellowish to white butter- flies scen filying over the fields in s hap-hazard manner on bright sunny days of summer. The biltter- flies lay their eggs on the leaves which, upon hatching, develop into the green caterpillars referred to above. Control measures should be applied as soon as injiu-y to the plants becomes evident.

Dusting with arsenatc of lead and hydrated lime is the X1105‘. widely recommended remedy. One part of the poison should be mixed with eight parts of hydrated lime and the resulting powder dusted on the plants in the early morning, or late evening when the leaves arc wet with dew. Particular attention should be paid to tho central por- tion of the cabbage-s and cauli- fiowcrs since feeding usually is must prevalent there. T\\'o Oi‘ tllrci- applications should be macle as needed, care being iukcn to apply the dust immediately feeding bl.‘- collles evident. Due to the waxy

llot given satisfactory rcsillis.

If the Plants have to be treated

with fresh pymihrum powder, one

part to three parts of llydraicd lime ‘ or flour. This material is non-pois- onous to humans. It can be secured

berland strait which separates Prince Edward Island from the mainland. The observations showed that’ there was a. complete failure of spat pro- duction that scason in Shediac bay, and an almost complete failure in 193i. Nearly all the oysters in tho bay and its tributary rivers were approaching marketable size and would reach it in the fishing season in the autumn of i932. The major- ity of the oyster were prduoed in the two or three years preceding 1931, while in 1931 and i932 hardly any were produced. That similar failures have been common in the past is indicatcd by the catches, which are very variable indeed. The Shedlac oyster area is small and the neighboring population large. So fishing is intensive and a high proportion of the oysters of marketable size are removed each fishing season. When, u in 1932. low oysters were produced in the two preceding seasons, and almost all are close to marketable size, the fishing will greatly reduce the quantities left to spawn or to be fished next season. Before the next year, that is favorable for spat pro- duction the stock may be reduced to such a. low level that there are not enough left to produce a good "set." Thus the area is particularly susceptible to severe depletion. The yield hiid already reached a very low level before 1880.

Only restricted fishing was allow- ed in certain years (shown in thi flgurfl and s stock was maintainer on this reserve which was able, 1| favorable years, to produce "sei-s’ on the neighboring public areas u well. Following the establishment oi the reserve the average catch inc creased and it decreased again when the reserve was no longer oper- ated.

Our conservation of the publii spat often fails it is necessary ti protect some of the older oysters an well.

The maintenance of a reserve o‘

oysters for spawning does not, oi

coulse, take the place of oystei

farming. It does not increase th/

urea in use or the materials oi

which larvae can settle, protect tht

fishery for oytsers has depended or

restricting the amount of fishini

(somewhat irleflectlvely) by limit

lllg the season and, more inlpon-

ant, on the prohibition of landin|

small oysters. The lnitcr, even ii strictly enforced, is effective only

when small oysters are present and in cases where the production of oysters from enemies, or increase the production in other method: open to oyster farmers. It is ob- viously in the interests of the farm- ers to maintain such a reserve. But in thee bscnce‘ of established oyster farms it is beneficial to set aside resolves to prevent the reduction of

|ilim"1lB58Y5I“T11¢ P9800“. With (400) Arctic th'°°"°°d wmdplwke" one should be Just as cautious er of today? The answer is plainly Your monthly statements and see in “t the 1°C“ seed hmises’ d"? “m” when the pmducmo“ o‘ spat is the at?!‘ “ch a 10w level that mo“, tram’ appeafs more like‘ g, (401) American three-iced wo0d- no, ,0 mwoduw ma,“ Wm“, “ugh; this. At that time we were nlakjng what grade your cream has been or wholesale drug COmpanieg, The unreliable as at Shedlac there lg 800d sets cannot be produced [mdy than a warrior, but he some- Dwkel‘. (m) WuiYW-belllfld 58D- ”, o“, o, could-oh somebody 1mm. a moist cheese; today the 130mm- placed. A premium of not less than remedies recmnmended m" cabbagc med °t a reserve °f “stem Y9!‘ we“ in favorable yum

lmes engages in fierce contests. The Wvkef- 14°51 P11°ai°d "WWW" d...“ a gpgclgg ohphcgly cm“, ii_________ _ t/wo cents p81‘ pound butter fat “'°"'“‘- “mmaielli °°""°1 “C11 ' In. W. Darwin Flox informs me —11°'-" 9311M" i412“) Nwthem into Australia, where it spread over shall be paid by any and all cream- “h” destructive ‘mbbage and calm‘ Flicker, "Yellow Hammer" or High a great extent o, wmmry. rendela 5"PP°5°- Wh° cm "member 111° eries for special grade cream over “We” mects as the cabbng“ 1MP"

Hlole, (4.20) Nighthwwk, "Mosquito m‘ n unm for any kind of 1am” dctennined attempt made some first grade cream, and a premmm and diamond-back moth.

sparse the occupatbn of the ground

with plants during the month of

June, the smaller the number of

eggg, o Some places may boast of theil

The 088$ are laid during Jun “mnders-

any and all creameriec for first and July they hatch h, about t e Which poets have pictured most fair

the elimination of the "a. m." and wade mm, We; gggond grade “”“’°““.‘°““'l Fams N0“) we... ma, Sm,“ m, b, mm But I know s. land more belvltchlxlg