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5 ve week-d morning It I65 Prince fitted :.lIJ'5':I'ln't:e:"t0\.llIn.ryP.I'J.l.. IT; 3119 TI‘°m‘°n C°“‘I"“’ Lu’ Ian A. Burnett. :‘bllsher and "‘ ' Maflllll Tank Walker. Editor Member Canadian Dally NIWIDIPII Publishers Association Member ol The Canadian Press

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Great Possibilities

The opening yesterday of Prince Edward Island’s first frosted- food plant for farm products may well mark a new chapter in agricultural achievement in this garden Province. There is no question as to the mark- ed trend in recent years in favor of processed foods or of the demand for our tasty Island fruits and veget- ables if they can be handled in suf- ficient quantity in this manner. The new plant, financed by the Provin- cial Government and operated by Heeney Frosted Foods, Ltd., of La- Prairie, Quebec, is the most modern of its kind in Canada and is capable a large and varied output. Those who were privileged to inspect the plant yesterday were impressed by the magnificent equipment and the at- tention which has been given to every detail of cleanliness, speed and ef- ficiency in the production processes.

Mr. Heeney paid deserved tribute t9 the leadership given by Premier Matheson and Hon. Mr. Cullen, Pro- vincial Minister of Agriculture, in promoting this industryand to their enthusiasm and cooperation at all times. It will be recalled that the late Mr. H.K.S. Hemming was an early advocate of this movement and that succesive political l e a d e r s--not- ably the late Premier Jones-showed keen interest in its possibilities. Our boards of trade and farm organiza- tions have indorsed it from time to time’. This does not any in anyway detract from the credit due to the present Government for ‘ its enter- prise; it merely points up the fact that the scheme has been a long time maturing, and that there is prac- tically unanimous feeling that it is

ideally suited to, this Province, and A

will be of great and lasting advan- tage to our producers. In this view we fully concur, looking forward to the day when our Island frosted foods will be as famous throughout the continent as our seed potatoes

have been for many years.’ with the -

added advantage of being free from the _ disastrous price fluctuations which have plagued the latter indus- try. .

1/ ' ‘ \\ lmprudence

The controversy across the bor- der relating to the ‘acceptance of expensive gifts from a wealthy industrialist, who had been having difficulties with some Federal agency, by Sherman Adams, top- ranking assistant to President Eisen- hower, makes interesting, if not exactly edifying, reading. While most cri1ics—-apart,'of course, from Demo- cratic politicians, who are having a field day—appear to agree that Mr. Adams’ chief fault was “imprud- ence”, there, is a demand all across the nation for his resignation, on the ground that his usefulness in his present post has come to an end.

Mr. Adams is not the first high American official to take gifts from people who thought or hoped that a word in their favour from someone close to the President might help them out of a difficulty. In the Truman administration it was, re- portedly, quite a common practice-— although Mr. Truman himself was never involved—-land probably in other administrations, too. What makes Mr. Adams’ venture intp_im- prudence particularly newsworthy is that in the election campaign of

1952, when Mr. Eisenhower was first

elected, the Republicans promised, if elected, to put a stop to it once and for all; and Mr. Adams was among those who professed to be much alarmed over what they called “corruption” in high places. More- over, Mr. Adams is reputed to be a man of high moral stature.

In Britain, this sort of thing is virtually unknown. At least, it is never reported. Whether that means that British political morality is higher than that of the Americans or whether it ‘signifies a better social climate generally is, of course, a matter of opinion. But, certainly, “imprudence” in British Government circles, especially where transfer of money is concerned, is considered just as serious a matter as corrupt- ion.

What the situation is like in Canada, there is no obvious way of telling. Outiight “bribery and cor-

ruption" in official and semi-official circles appears to be infrequent. But even if gifts were received for “favours received”, ten chances to one the moral breach would be hard to detect. There seems to be no precise way in our parliamentary system to uncover malfeasance— unless, of course, it happened to be on a very large scale, in which case it would come to the attention of police authorities. For petty irregu- larities there appears to be little or no chance of discovery. In the States, the system of standing Con- gressional Committees, whatever its faults may be, does keep watch over such irregularities involving the executive branch of Government. It may be a little less wary respecting the Congress itself.

Academic Freedom

Teachers everywhere have their problems not directly connected with their academic work. What with school boards, trustees, parent- teachers’ organizations, home and school organizations and scores of individuals who are sure that they know more than the teacher about how to manage a school, teaching is a complicated chore these ,days. There must be times when some of our older teachers look back with happy remembrance to the day when they were really in charge of their schools. '

But, however difficult the work may be, Canadian teachers in gene- ral can at least stand up for essen- tial human rights—except, occasion- ally, when their own rights are in jeopardy. Not so in the Southern United States. Take the case of Alan Goodsaid, a seventh grade teacher in Bladensburg, Md., for example. One day when talking to his students about current affairs—as every good teacher does occasionally-—he hap- pened to say that “brutality to Negroes in Georgia almost makes me ashamed of the human race”. Following an investigation‘ into the alleged slander of Americans—for, of course, in the Southern States the term “human race” is just another name for white Southerners—Mr. Goodsaid was fired. “We cannot ac- cept that kind of teaching” said‘ the Superintendent of Schools.

So, the next time that one of our teachers is troubled by bureaucratic pressure on- his (or her) freedom of action, we suggest that he (or she) ponder on how much more difficult it would be to retain one’s self-

“fespect in a classroom in the “Deep

South”.

EDITORIAL Nous

No child under 12.years of age should ever be permitted to ride on a tractor, either in the field or on the highway, let alone drive one. Yet, it is not at all unusual to see boys of 9 and 10-—and even girls- operating them, sometimes attended by an adult, often alone.

4‘ 1' "

If the idea of a group of British

aviation experts comes to reality, we

‘shall see a remarkable aircraft in the

skies. They propose to design a dart- shaped plane capable of 1,700 miles per hour. It would be powered by 68 jet engines, of which 56 would be mounted vertically for helicopter- style take-offs and landings. . V- 4 <9

“Somewhere in Beersheba tonight”, says the Christian .-Science Monitor, “a tourbt may still have a red face. We refer to the American woman who asked a desert sheik to pose for a photograph, and, after he courteously obliged, pressed an Israeli pound note (about 50 cents) into his hand. She may not have known he was a sheik, but he did. and before walking away in royal dudgeon he threw several ten-pound notes at her feet.”

4 4 i’

Duff Robin the new Premier of Manitoba, says he plans to call a meeting of the Legislature “sometime in the fall’ to implement his election promises. That arrangement will give him at least three months in office before he is forced to seek a new mandate. It is almost certain that just as soon as the Legislature opens

the Government will fall on a non- .

confidence motion. The temptation for the Liberals and C.C.F. will be too great to resist. ‘ 4 5 i

When Princess Margaret visits Bri- tish Columbia next month she will probably see some of the permanent projects under way there as part of the centenary celebrations, But one memorial that won’t endure is de- scribed in the Book of Knowledge Amiual. It is a 2 1-2 ton fruit-cake started in 1956 by a baker in Nan- aimo. The city is putting it into a glass house, so that as many people as possible can admire it before en- joying a piece.

" I ‘tam ‘

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus-

tion by correspondents of question of _

interest. The Guardian does not neses-

sarily endorse the opinion of corres- pondents.

THE POTATO INDUSTRY

Sir-—tMay I have this opportun- ity through your press to speak a ‘word along with my friend Mr. Ramsay on the potato question as it is today and how it was in our time of over forty years.

I am also going to present the two sides of its rewards and dis- appointments ending up with pure eyed convictions in favor of a -Marketing’Board as Mr. Ramsay says, beginning in Ontario and ending on good old P.E.I.

I confess here I did not vote for the last Board, because to me it was too silly to think that a local board in Charlottetown could regulate the price of potatoes in Toronto or Montreal. In fact, I am ashamed of its set-up and I told Mr. MaoDon-ald so too.

No, I shall criticize to a small

- extent IMr. Ramsay’s quotation of

all the millions we lost or are going to lose on last year’s crop. Last year was about the average price for our spuds. Mr. Ramsay and I have a neighbour that pur- chased a farm for $2,000 and paid for it in 1958 on last year’s potato crop, a mighty good piece of busi- ness; also my own income from 3% acres was $1,600, one of the best years in forty. I sold my spuds or most of them at $2.00 8 bag. Why. twenty-five years ago I sold to the best Co-op organiza- tion that ever existed in P.E.I. 995 bushesls of certified cobiblers for $55.00 and waited six .months for the cheque. This is part the reason I voted aginst a local Co- on or Selling Agency two years ago.

When Mr. Boulter of the Pota- to Growers Association couldn’t get 8 Price always for our crop, I claimed Mr. MacDonald in Charlottetown couldn’t either; but a different office also couldn’t do the impossible. You will pardon me for referring to the past. It makes my letter very long, but Surely growing spuds on Spud Is- land for 45 years my experience should be worth something.

Now what‘ is our case today? I find many of the sickest farm- ers on earth selling their crop for 43 cents a 75 lb. bag. Chief reasons: many, not all, of these spuds -could have gone to the mar- ket at $2.00 a sack. But we must remember we farmers are gam- blers just as much in spirit as the -big potato dealers. Remem- Lber, my friends, that is the dif- ference between Capitalism and Communism. Russia doesn’t allow gambling in food stuffs. ‘We in America do. What of it? Shall we continue to accept 50 cents a bag today_for potatoes and perhaps $4.00 in thirty days or so? This is Capitalism in perfection.

Personally I believe in a C.C.F. policy which teaches a controlled 9¢°fl0my. Do we want it? Do we realize that the Western vvheat Pool that Mr. Ramsay speaks so highly for is chiefly made up in Canada's chief wheat province, Saskatchewan, the c.c.r. strong- hold. Nevertheless both the Libe- rals and now the Conservatives, have bowed their knees to Social. ism. In other words to the demands and needs of our people, and rightly so.

Now, Sir, what is the main troulbule among our potato grow. ers? Here it is as I see it, The average priceis about 30 cents per 75 lb- has. too low. And what makes it bad? The small grower on the small farm nearly always has to sell at the lowest price, He it is that contracts for his fertilizer and it seems that this number of farmers is increasing so much'1hat the price of potatoes is already set for this fall. It seems to me the growers are getting poorer and poorer, thus contracting more and more. Then when the price rises during the winter, the small grower is sold oul.

Tlierefore our best solution is 3 Canada-wide one, beginning with Ontario; a complete Market- ing Board under the Provincial -Marketing Bo:-mi Act or Federal

OTTAWA REPORT

Serious Trade Problems

By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent For The Guardian

0'I‘TAiWA — It would be con- forming to tradition to discuss the Budget in this space today, the Budget rightly being consid- ered the most importan-t_ single event of the routine political year.

But there is a matter of far greater importance to all Cana- dians today, than the sum of money which we will pay in tax- es this year, and the manner in which the Diefenbaker Govern- ment will spend that money in 1958. More important is the sum of money‘ which each Canadian will be able to earn not only 1958 but in all subsequent years, and the related question whether each Canadian will be able to improve his standard of living not only during 1958, but in 1968, 1978 and every other fut-ure year.

'I‘hus, more important than this year’: Budget, is the broad ques- tion of our foreign trade and na- tional prosperity.

It is taken for granted that we depend, more than do the people of any other country. upon our foreign trade. One Canadian work- er in every four derives his em- ployment directly from our ex- port trade. Without our foreign markets. 1;500,000 Canadians would be thrown out of work. And without booming exports, .we would slide downhill into, the na- tional poverty of a second Mex- ic-o.

WEALTH IN NEW IDEA

This column has long believed that our future economic well- being as well as our national se- curity is inevitably linked with booming international trade. -It is

_a historical fact that the most

prosperous society the world has ever known is the U.S.A. Yet

that country does not possess re-

sources or power or raw mater- ials to any degree which we do not. What they have, and we lack, is a large population. Their pros- perity is based almost exclusive- ly upon their huge domestic mar- ket Of 170,000,000 people. The con- sumer demand of that largest free trade area known to the mo- dern world is huge enough to ad- mit of mass production of every kind of article. That in turn per- mits every luxury —- or a rea- sonable imii-tation thereof — to be sold at a price so low that it is within the financia-1 reach of every wage-earner.

In contrast, the Western World

has been increasingly split into '

artificially self - contained small markets, divided by trade - proof tariff barriers. This system rais- es the cost of living and lowers the standard of life within each area, and disastrously weakens

Act: one Central Marketing Board plus Provincial Boards. That’s the time we'll send up Mr. Mac- Donald to sell our potatoes. A

price plus profit will be put on ,

the product with a monthly raise in price similar to our war policy years.

As to controlling the big boys with big acres, either Mr. Ram- say’s proposal of limited amount -per acre of land or I think a tax of ten cents a bushel or more deducted over and albove one thousand or so sold would be ef- fective. This money to be used to pay for any surplus potatoes that may never sell, such as this year. And to help out the United States spuds, do what she did with us; limit what she buys from us, then a 75 cent tax for every 100 pounds. Also we could put a quota on her importa- tions the same as she did on Allberta oil.

A: we have 17 million people now—a nation to be proud of-—let us feed those people at a price they can pay. Not $4.00 a bag, neither 50 cents a sack. We must of necessity move qiiickly and surely, espe(:iaI1,v for the family farms of which Canada is made up.

I cordially invite criticism or comment on this subject.

I am, sir, etc., HARRY PRIDHAM Alberton. P.E.I.

the economy. Superimposed upon this situation came ‘the novel peacetime need for continuous and costly military defence. pre- pared for immediate total war. The crushing burden of arma- ments can only be supported in- definitely if the economies of the NATO allies are rationalised- That is, if we minbmise the cost of development and production of arms and of consumer goods, through planned research and manufacture among the allies, and through alliance-wide freer trade. CANADA FORESAW NEED This was foreseen in a shadowy manner by the architects of the North Atlantic Alliance ten years ago, and was noted by the in- sertion into the treaty of an un- precedented clause, specifically calling for collaiboration in the non-military fields as well as in defence. This clause, widely known as “Article Two” or “The Canadian Olause,” said: “The parties will seek to eliminate conflict in their international e- conomic policies, and will en- courage economic coil-laboration between any or all of them." Our Foreign Minister at that time, Hon. Lester Pearson, pub- licly admitted then that this look- ed like an unnecessary idealistic dream, but he went on to declare that “in this jet-propelled atomic age, nothing less would be ade- quate,” and he asserted his be- lief that this clause would lead to the creation of an economic, and perhaps ultimately a politicial, commonwealth of the Western World. ~ Ten years have passed. The NATO nations are still allies in

What Causes

Co to re cis?

By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D. I DON’T suppose you ever thought about sunglasses as off- ering protection from develop- ment of cataracts. But it appears they might. .

Cataracts you see, can attack the eyes at any age. Some are even present at birth. Yet most do not begin developing until after the age of 50.

WHAT CATARACI‘ 15

Now a cataract is an opacity of the lens of the eye or of the capsule enclosing the lens. 'All cataracts do not cause blind- ness. Some grow rapidly, some slowly; some don't grow at all and others are absorbed and disappear.

Even when a cataract is I definite threat to sight, surgery can save the eye in many. many cases.

What causes cataracts? Well, next to old age, we believe heat is the most common cause. The lens contain 34.1 per cent pro- tein, the highest of any body organ.

BECOMES OPAQUE

Heat coag-ulates protein caus- ing it to .become opaque. And opaque protein in the lens of the eye con-situite a cataract.

The Better Vision Institute points out that the change is similar to that produced in the

white of an egg by the heat

NOTES BY

THE wAv‘Q

Some people comp‘!-Ill ‘PW’ spending a dull evening at home. but there are others who look or- ward to it after a hectic day-— Shnbrooke Daily Re‘-‘°1'd

of cooking. I that’: In excellent explanation.

Doctors have found that cata- racts develop early, rapidly and frequently in region: of intense light and heat.

Glassblowers, for example. have a high incidence of cats- ract. So do‘ sheet-metal work- ers, stokers and others whose occupations expose them I0 bright light and intense heat. BEACH G-LARE

I don't suppose too many of you fall into any of these clas- sifications, but I'll bet many 0f you will spend some time ‘on the beaches this ‘summer, espe- cially during a vacation/

And under prolonged expo- posed to bright sunlight for sure, the infra.-red radiation that lurk-s in the light reflected from bright ‘skies, beaches, water and even roads, is poten- tially harmful.

Anyone whose eyes are ex- posed to bright sunlight for long and frequent periods runs some risk that he will be pre- disposed to early cataract. SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS

Now there probably will be

(De la Roque’s census of Isle St. Jean, 1752, continued from yesterday):

Census of Pointe de 1’Est (East Point). Four families lived here. They were the faimvilies of Noel. Pinet, 4 persons; Antoine I echevert (Cheverie), 8 persons; Jean-Baptiste Pinet, 5 persons; Pierre Pinet. 5 persons. Total 22.

Census of St.-Pierre du Nord (St. Peter's Harbour). 69 families lived here. Several of them lived by fishing, the remainder were engaged in agriculture. Among these were the families of Jean- Baptiste Vescot, aged 62 years,

54 years. They have the following children: Jean Baptiste, aged 22 years. Pierre, aged 16 years, Jos- eph, aged 14 years. Angelique, aged 24 years. Anne, aged 20 years. Rosalie, aged 8 years.