- E GHARLOTTETOWII GUARDIAN

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HR.’ m; flgngguu-J. B. Burnett.

i!“ y.» year (la advance) mailed u Oanatl-I and llaihd some. Dull! (founded U61) 06.00 pee year (in advance) delivered-

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Notes BLTZe Way "

In the estimates for Prince Edward Islandforthscurrentyearare a rather surpislng number of "re- votes," which simply 0100110

voted inst year and not expended. To begin wit-h, a million was voted at last session for a new Car rem and not , nded and no contract let. Hence of the larger estimate

B] lulu W. Berton. AID.

H man, amt ouiu. I), Iaylur Grafton Street.

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ggg-rou-uld South Newer M. Andlannan. Isl Tremaine It,

NEW YOIUb-llotallnge News

NEW GLASGOW’. N. E-M. E. llulklllr, 5UllllEll5lDl9—lIIllIllI Book Starla

d J hsorrraouu-w. A. Johnston. > - ouanman can be obtained trons u» followlul aunt- in (IWIWWWI-

.3 Gaudok Great George Street.

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THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1929

not. I06 West 10th IQ

IOUBII-I- l. Acorn.

, Duly. Richmond Strut.

Alex. MBPhQIIlIn. Queen street.

n. Tweel. Lin: Ave. - ‘

Tomlin: Grocery. Cor. Kent I Rockford J. . Duly. "useu Stroll. p Canada News 00-. Debut.

Mrs. Jacobson, Dnrobellee Stroll.

now brought down 81-000-000 l! l W‘ vote. for rebuilding the Railway Wharf It Charlottetown, another cf 831000101‘ the breakwater at Souris. $7.000 101' West River bridge, sis-Ow for tek-

verse and Tormentine, and so on. Even those here mentioned make a formidable total. ploitcd last year to the 810W 0!

ESKIMOS AND COLDS.

There is a re-vote of 048.000

Perhaps you are inclined to smile at the request of the Medical Officer of Health when he suggests that if you have a "cold" that you keep as far away as possible from other people. as the breathing. and par- ticularly the coughing can throw the organisms of “cold" a considerable distance, and other folks become in-

hone connection between Cape Tra-

They were ex-

; ‘ {é Noam snonr: FISHERIES

side of the Atlantic or the other. in

Messrs Sinclair, Jenkins, McLean and the King Government and We 8Y0 now called upon to rejoice over them

fected.

Dre. P. Hcinbecker and E. I. M. Ir- vine-Jones tell us that "during a trip

i; Q

on the North Shore."

d i» . operate fully

‘-. and North Cape.

' lest possible time by railroad.

yo! railway facilities.

llic meetings.

‘in his excellent report on the fish-

. . of Prince Edward Island and

, w Magdalen Islands for i928, In-

' , -. for S. T. Gallant observes-

v "I have to report a decrease of 12.567 cwt. in the catch of cod.

t It is difficult to understand why

can fishery is not carried on

"more extensively by 001‘ fisher‘

~ men when we consider that some

p! the best fishing grounds in ;- "the Maritime waters are located

This falling-off is a most serious ,~ tter, and some other cause must looked m- than a decline in the vaiiable supply of deep sea fish. A5 Gallant poms out, the markets d; cod appear to be well stabilized. also states that vessels from Nova

u. and the caraquet fishing three months

urlng the summer between East

T!“ ‘shaman °n the‘ North Show’ Nonbre de Dlos Bay in the West In- b _ llo are just as capable in their busi- ...-. as the fishermen of any other , are well aware of the reason ; . or the decline; and it may be brief- ~ ' ~ stated right here, that it is because ey are not sufficiently remunerated l or their labors, and many of them V. ave given up the business. It costs M} - much to reach the ultimate mar- ‘ et. The fishermen of Nova Scotla -- New Brunswick, who make use ' of our fishing grounds, carry their ' gigcatch in their vessels to points in J ‘their own Provinces from which the

‘Fmarket can be reached in the short-

s

fishermen on the North Shore, with {some of the best fishing grounds in itho Maritime waters within easy ‘ reach, are handicapped by the lack This lack has {been voiced in the prev and at Dilb- and notwithstanding fact that the Government has v held out a promise to develop the

slngeing the beard of the Spanish l‘ King. Wars with Spain were 0f 01- most constant occurrence, and when there was no war in 8W0 001°? their raids, the British privaieers were not above conducting private

They would lie in wait for z

war. _ coming treasure galleons or make forays on unsuspecting 06110‘! 111 the Indies or on the South American coast. so it was that Drake and Hawkins made or added to their re- putations. Si: George Somers was a navigator of this day, too. but B1011 closely associated with Raleigh than with Hawkins and Drake. The Ber- y muda Islands were once called after him, and were colonized by people P from Virginia, which he helped found. b Of a later day was Rodney and late!‘ still came Nelson. Both sailed the Spanish Main, both fought the Span- iards and the French and both left great reputations.

Drake sleeps in his leaden coffin in

dies, and Hawkins off Porto Rico, not far away. Both died on the lame fatal expedition. Somere found a resting place in Bermuda. Nelson and Rodney are buried in England. The stirring days of old have been succeeded by piping days of. peace. and instead of the singeing of the

have World Courts and League Cov- enants and Kellogg ‘treaties and the 0 like. All the same, the names of the old sea dogs we have mentioned are names to conjure with still. There is a world of romance in every one of them, and it was a happy thought which prompted the Canadian Na- tional authorities to name the five new steamships built especially for the West Indian trade for the men who, in other days, made the West Indies famous. The Lady Nelson, first of the vessels to be laid down," is already in service, and the Lady Hawkins andLady Drake will short-

Our for very shame! sake they have be-

I‘

paired this year, as in other yea-rs in this province as in other provinces. if the estimated sums 101101105- 5°!‘ them here us expended. If not ex- pended they may reappear I8 Y0-

more than a. quarter of what is voted for Prince Edward Island is made up of re-votes, a total out of proportion to any other province.

their influence to get for the prov- ince the publlc works and services that figure in the estimates. And

tawa except that which had been

sitlon press of the province and other

inion and created a demand" that was irruistable.

use to them in getting anything done for the provincwbut it has always

terwards. Fear of embarrassing the Govemment, or its supporting repre- sentatives paralysed it from advoc- acy in advance.

regime this province has been the most neglected spot in the entire Do- minion and its sup, ting members from this Province were the most do- beard of this monarch and that. we ‘cile and obsequious of any who sat in theJHouse of Commons.

ed to do they approved and ratified. Had it not been so we would not to- dnv be suffering the indignity of a narrow gauge railway, an altogether inadequate transportafon and from the mainland. Now when public opinion has been aroused. and

gun to stir themselves to action to abuses which they had excused and

condoned for years past.

the estimates. But these estimates have vet to run the gauntlet of fur-

gain.

Eight or ten wharves are to be re- “p the we“ coast’ or Greenland they

noted that every native in a certain settlement had a cold, while in oth- ers there wasn’t a single native af- fected. ‘

Investigation showed that just pre- vious fo the arrival of these physi- clans and their party, that some of the natives had been mixing with outside folks.

In the settlements where there were no colds when the doctors and their partly arrived, within from for- ty-eight to seventy-two hours after their arrival all the natives developed a "cold," (an acute respiratory in- fection, as these doctors call it) with sneenine. coughing, and spitting. Further north, among the polar Eskimos, where it was certain that no outside contact had been made that year, there was never the slight- est evidence of these infections at the time of the arrival of the doctors "10 Dirty. but within seventy-two hours nearly every Eskimo in the set- tlement developed an infection.

I believe that when you consider the statements of these physicians, Y0“ W111 agree that it is not the cold weather that causes these colds, but the presence of these “cold" organ- isms in the air the Eskimo had to breathe when the doctors‘ party ar- rived and lived in the huts with them. As you know the indoor life of the Eskimo in this ill-ventilated hut, does not cause the "cold" if the organ- isms are not about.

With us in civilized communities the "cold" organisms are always about us and if we get crowded to. Bethe: in a room of 80o F. at which temperature our own protective or- kanisms seem to lose their fighting power, then these "cold" organisms get their chance to develop and a cold results. ' ' The lesson is obvious.

otes next year or be dropped alto- ather. So the case now stands

No doubt our Liberal members used

et they got little or nothing from 0t- ointed out to them as urgent needs y the Boards o1 Trade, the Oppo- gencles which stirred up public op-

Thelr own home press was of little

een lavish in its praise of them af-

From flue beginning of the King

What- ver the Government did or neglect-

se. vice to

emfidy some of the neglects and THE LAND WE LOVE

By FRANK LEIGH

F090. after long delay, revives with

THE EMPIRE boss m THE GREAT

lleries of the Maritime: in every 4 possible way the petition of the North

l fishermen has so far been ignored. There is still a chanceior ' an appropriation this year for this dymuch-needed branch line for New “V London and Rustico. Our representa-

ly be plying the sealanes from Hali- fax southward. The Lady Somers and the Lady Rodney are fitting out in England.

GENTLEMAN DEFINED

"l" dellys and the chances of being W000 Basin at the next semion of Parliament. Some day, under the present Government or a succeeding 0110. we shall got better transportq. tion across the Straits and on a rail. way of standard gauge throughout," but 9110 800d Lord alone knows when

during

WAR

Q. What was the Empire Loss in the Great War?

A. The number of death casual- ties sustained by the British Empire

the World War was 1,019,982,

according to the annual report of

mates are brought down.

3; d;

Ltives should lose no time in insisting upon it when the supplementary esti-

WHY NOT cnanLor-mrowxr

Newfoundland and Canada have ‘ reached an agreement on policy in

Twenty years ago an American newspaper offered a prize fol-‘the best definition of a gentleman. The answer chosen. which can scarcely be improved upon, was as follows:

“The true gentleman is the man whose conduct proceeds from good will and an acute sense of propriety, and whose self-control is equal to all c

that will be.

Nova Scotla. and Prince Edward Is- land is the common belief. though it can be legally imported in. t° the “he? Pfllyilwee. much is also smuggled there owing to the very heavy duties which were laid on dur- ing the war and have been since

the imperial war graves commission, distributed as follows :-United King- dom, 785.547: Indian Empire, 62,327; Canada, 56,813; Australia, 50,540; New Zealand 16,729; South Africa, 7,130; Newfoundland, 1,333 and other Brit. ish possessions, 5,573. 739,447 men lost their lives in France and Bel- gium alone and the bodies of those who have been recovered lie in 14,187 cemeteries in almost every country of

-____ That much liquor is smuggled Into

And al-

regard to trade arrangements, revi- sion of postal service and better steamship facilities, according to Sir

giyau at Monteral recently. ‘As already pointed out in The Guardian. there should be an oppor-

\ i!’ u this Province with the ancient Co‘.- ‘ '-- by making chbrlcttetown a reg- E" flar port of call in the proposed steamship service. Newfoundland ebuyl more than $12,000,000 worth of I00ds annually from Canada. » How

'uch of this amount is purchased in ‘ -~- Edward Island is not definite- ‘hwwn, but it is known that a large has been carried on for years. it a also known that with greater ‘hcilitiee the trade with this Prov- ‘ could be 7811011111011 increased. a hoped um before the treaty a

tunity here for extending the trade m

emergencies; who does not make the poor man conscious of his poverty, “and mums. m an mtervlew the obscure man of his obscurity, or any man of his inferiority or deform- ity; who is himself humbled if ne- c ity compel him to humble an- : who does not flatter wealth, cringe before power, or boast of his or achievements; who speaks with frankness, but al- ways wlth sincerity and sympathy, and whose deed follows his word; who thinks of the rights and feelings of others rather than of his own; who appears well in any company, and who is at home what he seems to be abroad-a man with whom honor is sacred and virtue safe."

own possessions

EDITORIAL NOTES

ontinued. Senator Hugheg anq 5008001‘ Tanner (of Nova Scotia) have expressed in the Senate their view that the duties on spirituous and malt liquors should be l -' * to the pro-war rate in order w pre- vmt nmucslinz and incidentally, m increase the revenue therefrom.

The nnuibuuy of bridging m. Straits of Northumberland ha; been dlscllllfll by Mr. A. E. McLean, M. P-. with prominent engineers, it is stated. It is said that shoal wafer extends on each side for some miles which could be filled in by embank- ments, the remaining interval to be connected by a bridge. If this ab- lilrd Proposal can be brought under serious consideration at the present iiincture it will serve admirably to hold up construction of the new cu- "ffy and all that pertains thereto. It mlaht prove es effective tn that end as would be tbaattempt to mp

Walk

Among

the world.

‘ THE POET’S CORNER

THE BUILDING OI‘ JERUSALEM.

And did those feet in ancient time

upon England's mountains

green? And was the holy Lamb of God On Br ‘

"s pleasant pastures seen?

And did the countenance Divine Shine forth upon our clouded hills? And was Jerusalem builded here

these dark Satanic Mills?

314118 ma my how of burning gold] Bring me my arrows of desire! Bring me my spear! O clouds, m. fold!

I concluded our representatives Ottawa will at least make an ef- ' to secure this boon for Prince

Illllld.

-' IPANISI MAIN AGAIN.

-__-

waeatimdafewcenturies

plritlalrsaiiu consider- _ spate: of his cailifll lsdlilnlipnrtqnm

Uncle Sam is making the prelim- g inary preparations for taking the ds- cennial census. His big family is increasing rapidly and the Book of o Numbers will be a bulky volume.

Itisanillwlhdthatbiowsnobody was. Ahieh gale arepcms to have saved Palestine from the rav- ages of a swarm of locusts. 0

k,

wrenchintotileworks.

ffice Department was in assuming that the abolition of titlu applied to theG/Jtonibsmaliweeons. .

___ beoominlalurgeonanddclngllie

mm“ b, mm," . mam? Brine me m‘! chariot of firel I will not cease from mental fight, Norshall mysword slsepln mypmg, Till we have built Jerusalem

1h lillllnd’! green and pleasant lend. -William Blekl. (1750-1027)

c-—-_s ’ —---___—____ A patient in an Iowa hospital has undertone forty-seven operations. As 3mm 1' b“ m" 0°90

é

fipeclally written

Einstein Arid Relativity

II The Guardian], .

(Thisisthesecondinaseriescf threeartiolesdealingwiththeliiin-

stein Theories of Relativity.)

THE GENERAL THEORY 0F. RE- LATIVITY

But the conclusion previously er- rived at in the special theory-that the phenomena of nature are the same for all bodies in uniform straight line motion relative to each other—wi1l hardly satisfy .the mind in search of the widest possible gen- eralization-morc especially in view of the fact that there are in nature practically no such bodies known. Gravitational fields, however slight pervade the universe, and bodies in general. move in curved lines, and at velocities which are variable with re- gard to time.

Einstein asserts the truth of the following proposition: A gravitation- al field of force at any point in space is in every way equivalent to a field of force resulting from acceleration, so that no experiment can possibly distinguish between them.

This is strikingly exemplified by his illustration in which we suppose that an observer is placed in a large chest like a room, provided with ap- paratus for nducting observations. Let ‘us suppose, further that this chest (provided with a hook in the ceiling to which is attached a rope), is placed somewhere in empty space, so far distant from all matter that gravitational fields are negligible. The observer if he wished to stay on the floor, would have w ‘fasten himself down with strings. But suppose now, that some sort of being starts pulling on the rope, with a constant force, so as to impart a uniform acceleration to the chest. He would then find that he had "weight"; hewould be able to stand upright on the fioor. Objects he might hold in his hand would seem to have "weight" too; if he let go of them, they would "fall" to the fioor-b use the acceleration of the chest would no longer be imparted to them.

Gravitation And Acceleration What judgment would this observ- er arrive at as regards this state of affairs? He would logically conclude that his chest was suspended at rest in a gravitational field. similar to that which we find prevails here at the surface of the earth. And who is to deny the correctness of this view- polnt-as regards his own body of re- ference, the chest and what it con- tains?

Thus, gravitational fields-at least of special types, may be produced by certain sorts of motion, i.e. where one of the bodies in question is being ac- celerated relaiively to another, and it is possible, simply by mathematical transformation to deduce the course of natural phenomena in all types of gravitational fields. This Einstein did by a very brilliant generalization. For instance, bodies which, in re- spect to a reference body which is not subject to acceleration, move in straight lines, will, in general, in ref- erence to accelerated bodies or gravi- tational fields, describe curves. There is nothing new in this. We all know how a stone, if thrown into the air describes a curved path in coming to earth again, because of the gravita- tional field of the earth. Were it not for this. the stone would continue on its course into space in a straight line.

But a new result, which led to a prediction by Einstein which was conclusively verified, is that, referred to an accelerated reference body (and hence to a. gravitational field) s. ray of light will not follow a straight line but a curved path. He estimated that rays of light from stars which just grated the edge of the sun would be deflected from the straight path by 1.7 ’ of arc. This result was first tested by observations on the so- lar eclipse which took place on May 28th, 191B. It was abundantly verified. and has since been confirmed by ob- servatlons on subsequent eclipses. The characteristics of the gravita- tional fields are derived by Einstein from the nature of space itself where such fields are present, according tc considerations which arise from im- plications of, and result arrived at by the special theory of relativity. Mathematicians measure space in a manner quite analogous to that in which we would give directions as to howto get from one place to another inacityfiorinstancdinfeliinga man how to no from the office of The Guardian here in Charlottetown to the railway station. we could di- rect him to go two blocks slat, and five blocks south. Thus he travels a