.would seem to have a general ap-

‘and assistance or this newspaper.

" who spirit is the same which has

' experience o! the california grape

‘i!

C!”='Z-i

asagasuse:E:-:§.-.§:l:s:-:g:-:§:e§ az-zrgiraxaxszes.

goR FARMER

.~Z-Z%!-I%i-i%;?_ H§N%H§HikQ§fJ-1

Co-operate Or Bust

The “Scoop Shovel", official or- gan of Cooperative Dairies, Egg do poultry Pool, Cooperative Livestock rioducm. and. ooorarhtivawhcla- sale of Manitoba, reprinted this article-from the Juno issue of "The Country xlentlemen" as it

ion to our local marketing ‘iguntion, especially of Island live- noek, it is being passes on for your P9111551 by [the Dominion Live stock, office through the courtesy

Complete Stock of

Samuel l Ke

more is no doubt but that" the

Sprayer Service

Charlottetown

Han-die Mfg. Co.

P. E. I. Br-ncli-Summersi’

Hardie Parts at

nnedy’s

principles here involved are those which affect our own problems.

given impetus to cooperation in this province and which is needed from every farmer if conditions and. returns are improve. Competi- tion within an industry is harmful but as farmers we must put Our- selves in a- position to compete with the other organized industries.

"In the June issue of the Coun- try Gentleman there is a most in- teresting article entiitled ‘Cooper- ate or Bust’. It is the story of the

f

producers and their 1900 crop. As one reads this article he cannot but be impressed by the similarity

plan or tncl Board’.

stand and appreciate the picture thus drawn. It. is our wheat story repeated, in many respects. But, it is to the concluding words of this article that 1 want to draiw partl- cular attention. economist, well-known to the peo- ple of Winnipeg as he is to the p60- ple of California, after careful and seriou study of the whole situation,

illed. ‘This was not the fault of the of the Grape 0on-

Western Canadians will under-

This well-known-

dividual exploitation is done and that from now henceforth men must work together, side by side. to accomplish their achieve their end.

hearted in their support oi the co- operative there is little to turn to. The al- ematlve is open competition; but those who are inclined to espouse the cause of open competition will find but small consolation in the views and opinions oi the world's leaders of industry and commerce and economics. The day of cut-

g::“:l:f;$°g$ zgfrixpzztatig: “h” m“ d” °' ‘““'°""“‘“°d m‘ was instituted. Since this report was of these co-operators were not ful-

poi-t gstghnaiged the condition o; that the Western wheat crop pos- are able through the ir-iw iilcn spring wheat, gt, g0 pef cent, o1 the sesses remarkable recuperative pow- their young minds s“'u" i " "i 1:0 long-term average, £119 lowggi; ghgwn (its. There l5 hope, therefore, that out ln the \\'0i'l(l or] '1f'll‘ since 1909 when the ogicihi record the recent rains will result in a_iheads. than it i: 11in :‘~ - i“l‘l}’

fairly satisfactory recovery being'educntion be such . ' 1 . 11cm issued, fairly heavy rainfall has made by the crops in many sectionslproperiy for life‘; i: \“ll.l.‘ i111“ broken the drought, in many 39¢. and that the yield may be somewhafients work their fing- s oil to get a

tasks and 'I'o those who are becoming faint-

marketin movement

spring precipitat‘

these adverse conditions resulted in a substantial decrease in the scre- age sown. Little improvement has followed and the latest oflicial re-

ifiIi-l

deficient,

pumstances. The combination of

tlons but important wheat-growing districts are ‘still badly in need of rain. "

In Manitoba. the most severe damage has been in the south- western parts of the province. Early in the season conditions in Manitoba were reported to be bet- ter than in either Saskatchewan or Alberta. and. strong hope existed that crops in this province would not show such heavy losses. June rainfall has been deficient, however, and deterioration has been substan-

l

THE cHARwi-rmovm GUARDIAN

%KI

S, STOCK

ksbfiirisaairgz-ri isassz-rareaz-fi

BR

Canadian Agricultural Conditions "(July Iottcr, It!!!‘ It!!! 0! Clllllfh)

I

The wheat crop of Wastcm Can- recent rains. but additional moist- ada has suffered seriously from ure is still required for satisfactory drought during the past month. Un- growth. The crops in the south favorable conditions have prevailed halve had a fairly generous tupply from the beginning of the season; of moisture and the outlook is for at moisture reserves were low and least an average crop. Conditions in so the norther nsections, that seeding operations were car- the Peace River district, have been ried on under most unpromising cir- more been fairly plentiful and crops are reported to be making an excellent showing.

spring wheat crop is described as

wheat continues to do well and a crop of approximately 650,000 bush- els ls indicated by present condi-

EiilSER

5G

including

satisfactory. Moisture has

In the past, experience has shown

better than has seemed probable farm for each or‘ them." during the last few weeks.

ast year. The condition of the

‘the poorest on record." Winter

that a country's most valuable as-

Prince Edward Island, essentially an agricultural province, should be most interested in the welfare and education of the boys and girls of the rural districts, because at least four fifths of our people are rural dweliersflrhe greatest need of these boys and girls is an education that will make thinkers of them and equip them to make a living and get the most out of life. It is more im- portant that the boy and in: girl

there but would rather have early The neighbouring spring wheairtraining, or education, which would areas of the United States havefit them to think in such a way suffered similar damage. In at lcastqand to act in accordance with their six states the deficiency in rainfall‘: this spring has been greater than‘

thoughts so that they could make ‘the money to buy the farm them- selves, than do without the educa- SUMMERSIDE tion and take the farm which father and mother had slaved and saved to buy and pay for!

schools, as at present organized, in

s AND

Z-i i?! EEZ'Z%_I-K%_

Rural Education

O. E.’ MacKENZm There is no disputing the fact.

t is the boys and sirls- Then

How many boys and girls are

The question is: Are our rural

Distributors for P. E. I.

BRABE, MacKAY s. co. LIMITED

between thedissappointmentsof the grape producers of California and the wheat producers of Western Qgnyda, In a general sort ofwal’. the word ‘wheat’ could be substi- l for the word ‘grapes’ to give an B-Dllrfixlmiiiie picture of conditions as we have fliegn during the past summer. The prolalem of the California grape growers was one of surplus 9Y0" ductien, that is, surplus over and above the purchasing WW8!‘ of the

stuted iihroushvut

says: ‘Control "by shippers is the only corrective; but this is not to be secured without effective co- operative action. Co-operation in- cludes co-ordination of efforts of bankers with those of growers. . . .'Along the line of competition lies no solution. . . .In co-operation lies the only hope. Immediats and effective revival of co-operatlon is difficult in the light of the dis-

appointment experienced last sea- son. It has been the misfortuneoi growers of grapes to learn, like the

consuming market. The writer of the article ascribes the low pricfl of grapes to two main factors, first, the stock market crash with its consequent crippling of the limb- able grape yield. In addition he refers to the prospect of the in- crease of grsipe production in other countries, especially in 501/191’- Russia. I-Ie tells the story of how the Federal Farm Board instituted a relief plan for theseCalifoi-nia grape people; a plan which the writer, well known as-an 02001101111“ and a. student. of marketinl! problcmahsupported. The plan was based primarily upon co-OPQYMWB centralizers marketing. Briefly, it organised the producers to with- hold largo quanties of raising grilli- es from the market in the build" petition that an enhanced sellinfl price for the balance would easily provide for arrassessment which would take care of the acrease which produced unmarketed wipes- Practically ninety per cent of all the commercial grape production of California was sisbed iii) l“ this

IEIILARGEMENTS FREE}

To, introduc to you our “New Process" of finishing Kodak pictures, we will give one 5 x '1 Enlargement free, with each roll of film lied to us for Developing and Printing. Enclose Postal Note for 45c. with .111! size (six sxpoau ‘ flim and receive six picturel finished "The New Way” and one enlarged to I i ‘I also free. itfail us a trial order and be convinced of the quality we put in the work. ‘Twenty-four hour service. ‘

growers of wheat and cotton, that the trough of a. business cycle is a most unpropitious time to recognize the marketing of an agricultural product. But whatever the hard- ships the fact remains that only through co-operative organization will it be possible for the grape growers of "California to revive their industry‘. These are stirring words; words to stimulate a rally grnong any flag glng spirits whose faith in co-op-

eration is inclined to wane. These

words constitute the studied opin-

ion of Dr. Alonzo E. Taylor, eco-

nomist of the Food Research 1n-

stitute and one of the star wit-

nesses before the Stamp In-

quiry Commission seiveral weeks

ago. ‘There is something significant

about this message from Dr. Alonzo

Taylor. The significance lies in the

fact that this man who is m re-

moved from any possibility of be- ing labeled as an opportunist of the co-operative movement, has brought out exacty the same advice as that which our farmers are ro- celvlng from their own wheat pool leaders. Dr. Taylor says: ‘Co-oper- ate or Bust’. He says: ‘along the line of competition lies no solution‘ of hur present difficulties. After re- counting the difficulties of re-or- ganizing along co-operative lines at the present time, he says ‘whatever the hardships the fact remains that only through co-operative or- ganlzation will it ba possible to get back to a satisfactory and sound basis of agricultural progress. If these words had come from Mr. A. J. McPhailf Mr. H. W. Wood, or from Mr. C. H. Bumell, non-co- operators might find some iustifi- cation for saying that these men are so deeply committed in Co-

THE REID STUDIO

I Dept. C. Mcnctou, N. B. , I I I I I I I I I I

WIRE , Filllllllfi

FARMERS! New that the bill! Cropping Season is about ever will have some time to look over repairs to fences and erect new mica.

We have a. well assorted stock of the celebrated

FROST will! FENCING, the beat and moat durable wire fence made in Canada. full gauge No. 9 wire, hguylly galvanised. Selling at factory prices in stock at our SIED STORE

Garter & 0o. Ltd

operative movement that they can- not do other than advise the farm- ers thus. But when the advice oom- es from the economic expert who appeared before the Stamp Inquiry Commission as a star witness for the grain trade point of view, no such objections are valid, and one is forced‘ to the conclusio that {more must be something in this gospe.

The more one reads, and the more one hears the words of the keenest economic students of the day, the more one must be con- vlnced that the tendency of the whole commercial structure is to- ward co-operative effort. The open competition school of thought has no friends nowadays other than the dwindling group oi die-bards who think that laissez-faire is till sup- reme and that Adam Smith is its prophet. It is only the un-inform- ed who still believe that the 0°‘ operative aims of the wheat pools is a small cry in the wilderness. The cooperative cry of the wheat por-tsisbutapartofa world wide demand for ration- alized co-operative effort; a. de- mand which comes from those who guide the destinies of manufactur- ing, bankinl. lhlPPlllI. minina. and distribution activities avarYVhm- when the farmers of Western Can- ada place their faith in co-oper- stive organisation they are sinful! taking their part in this great Ifilildli EIIIMIIO which Si?‘

self-help is now a universally sup- ported one. And the viewpoint of its adherents has been aptly stat- ed by Dr. Alonzo Taylor when he says, ‘Co-operate or Bust’ and ‘whatever the, hardships, the liwt remains that only

throat competition is fast dis- appearing, not only in agricultural marketing but in all the activities of men. There was h day when the . popular gospel of ‘let things be, to work out their own destinies‘ was on_ every tongue. But that day has now passed into the pages of his- tory books, and the remaining lais- sez-falre doctrlnaires form but a small and unimportant group of reaotionaries who stubbornly W‘ fuse to acknowledge the advances which have been made. The principle of co-operative

through co- operative organization will it be possible‘ to pull ourselves out oi the rut and get back to a basis of sound progrus." W. B. H.

_.._.€._-___-__

EARLY CUT HAY BEST

(Experimental Farms Note) The per cent oi dry matter in both timothy and clover was found to increase after the plants had reached full bloom at the Elxperi- mental Station at Charlottetown, P. E. Island. This increase, how- ever, was more than offset by the loss of quality in the cured hay. The following are some of the fac- tors that enter into the question of when hay should be cut to produce the best forage for live stock. First: Weather conditions-Hay cures slowly when the ground i8 wet. Dew or rain will grealy injure partly cured hay or hay that has wilted after cutting in bright sun- shine, while in swarth or windrow. Second-Jrhe first cutting of two- cut clovers and alfalfa should be made at the right time or the sec- ond will be light.

‘Third-The total yield may de- crease as the hay plants mature due to lossa of leaves or leachingvby rain. '

Fourth-There is a. marked i11- creiise in fibre and a decrease in digestible nutrients as tlrnothy and clover rlpens. "

When bloom appears on clover or timothy it is important that weather conditions be wathched closely so that advantage may be taken oi favourable conditions to cut at least part of the hay crop early. Good weather is nedeed for these early cutting as they contain much more natural moisture than later cuttings, and cure more slow- ly. Periods oi unfavourable weath- er frequently occur just aftcr the hay has reached full bloom or when if saved it would make the best forage for stock. During the past several years there have been favourable periods for haymaking‘ before the clover reached full bloom and hay saved during this Stage of growth was much more valuable than other lots saved after the seed had formed. Data collected from many sources indicate that the largest yields and the greatest amount of digestible forage can be obtained from either the grasses or clover: by cuttinl them when in full bloom, if curina conditins are favourable, or by the time the seed begins to form. There is therefore strong ovidencs in fav- our oi commencing haymaking as soon as the clover is in bloom and that timothy should be cut when the bloom has fallen. to "0111 dusty hay. The early out hay make!

tlal

tions. This compares with 604.000,-

The poorest prospects are stated by the official report to be in the main. wheat-producing province of Saskatchewan, where the condition is even lower than after the disas- trous frosts or May 1917. The situ- ation is particularly serious in the southern candentral parts of the province. Substantial -"' has been incurred in these parts from wind-storms and soil-drifting as well as from drought. The northern districts have suffered much less damage and recent rains have been of considerable benefit to these areas. v Damage in Alberta. has been most

000 bushels produced last year and

547,000,000 bushels, the average pro- duction from 1925 to 1929.

EASTERN CROPS ENCOURAGING

The crops in Eastern Canada are reported to be in much better con- dition than in the West. wehthm- in the Maritime Provinces has been ideal for farming operations and Yeiieiit growth has been most en- couraging. Frcm present indications it is expected that all , field and grain crops will equal or exceed last year's figures. Notwithstanding the unrcrtatin marketing outlook the

serious in the central section of the province in the important wheat belt lying between Calgary and, Ed- monton. Extreme conditions in this section have beeri relieved by the

THE COST OF TILE DRAINAGE

Information on the cost of in- stalling tile drains on the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa is presented in the i930 report of the Field Husbandry Division. It has Wt. on the average, $1.87 per 100 feet to install tile drains with machinery and $16.39 per 100 feei to install drains by hand. Excluding the cost of tile, the cost per 100 feet amounted to $4.20 with mgph- inery and $11.57 by hand. These figures represent good average cOn- dltlons. The cost of installing drains with machinery has varied, how- ever, from as low as $2.35 on easy digging to $15.86 per 100 feet under difficult conditions, not including the cost of tile which may vary from $2.40 for 3-inch to $6.00 per 100 feet for 6-inch tile.

The depth of the drains is- an important consideration. Digging a trench 3 feet deep by hand requir- ed i5 hours oi man labour per 100 feet while 20 hours were required for a trench 4 feet deep. When digging with machinery, under favourable conditions with a sub- soil free from stones it cost very little more to dig .~. 4-foot trench than one 2 feet deep. The rate of laying tile was found to vary from so feet iper hour with drains finish- ed by hand up to 200 feet per hour with experienced tile layers. It is advisable in sandy soil to cover the tile with some filtering mater- ial to prevent the entrance oi silt. Straw or stripes of tar building paper have proved satisfactory for this purpose. In low wet spots in heavy clay land. It is wise to fill a portion’ of the trench wlith stones to facilitate quicker ‘ percolation. hand oc-ssefl.tilebyonamctzmaionti Filling was done by hand in stony land to avoid breaking the tile with stone. Backfilling with a road grad- er was found the lest expensive method, although filling with a plough and two horses was almost as economicaL-J. M. Armstrong. Central Experimnetal llfann, 0t-

area has planted to potatoes ln Prince Edward Island is approxi- mBiBIl/‘the same as last year. The apple bloom has been unusually large and the fruit is setting well. Recent rains have prevented spray- ing and this may possibly detract from the quality of the fruit.

Seeding in Quebec was completed from two to four weeks earlier than usual but the cool weather during May delayed germination. Oats, bar- ley, mixed grains, hay and pastures are in better condition than the average, but wheat, rye and peas have not done so well. Orchards and small fruits have had luxuriant bloom, although frost caused some damage.

Ontario fall wheat is looking ex- Wlltlonally well -in most parts of the province. Some damage has resulted from winter-killing. Spring grains are well above the ground and yields should be better than the average. The_ acreage sown to po- tatoes and com has been consid- erably lncreased this year. In the fruit-growing sections, reports are very optimistic. There has been a 800d show oi bloom and weather conditions have been favourable.

Feild crops in British Columbia have suffered from variable condi- tions and warm weather is needed for proper growth. Indications point to an average yield in most crops but not nearly so heavy as was an- ticipated earlier in the season. In some districts, vegetables and small fruits have been damaged by frost and a shortage of water for irriga- tion purposes exists in the Okan- agan Valley.

Pastures in the Prairie Provinces have become very dry as o, result of the drought. In some sections, farmers have been obliged to feed grain to livestock, and from others cattle are being shipped to the nor- thern districts or thrown on the market in an unfinished condition. Feed is plentiful in other parts of Canada and livestock are in much better shape. cheese prices have been very low and there has been considerable falling off in the amount of milk sent to the cheese factories. Butter production has been expanded and butter prices have fallen to export levels for the first time since i926, but the dispo- sition of surplus milk supplies re-