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PAGE 4

West Germany Ancl NATO

West German Chancellor Er- hard's visit to Ottawa has gone very well. according to a communique issued at the close of his talks with Prime Minister Pearson yesterday. The Chancellor has now gone to Washington. where it may be ex- pected the same cordial relations will prevail in his discussions with President Johnson. American papers are welcoming the distinguished visitor as the spokesman for the Atlantic partnership in Europe. and no role could be more important at this time. To quote from the New York Times. he stands now as the vorce of those Europeans who re— sist the Gaullist version of a self- sufficient. French-led concert. of sovereign national states. '

In this role Dr. Erhard wishes to reaffirm and demonstrate the intimate relationship with the Unit- ed States on which he has staked his political life. Mindful of conser- vative opposition to his policy. he needs yet another confirmation of U.S. loyalty to its promises to fur: ther Germany's national interests.

It is important. that he should have it. West Germany now has the largest army am ong the European members of NATO. In addition. the country for some time has been concerned with plans for building up a special territorial re- serve force. The functions of such a force will be to support NATO military forces in times of emerg- ency. as well as to aid in all possible ways should there be a threat to vital national interests.

The postwar crises in Hungary, Berlin. and Cuba have convinced West German authorities of the necessity for such extra precautions in peacetime. At present. most of the arrangements for the new force exist mainly on paper. but within the next two years it will assume substantial proportions. Among its tasks will be the following:

To maintain freedom of opera- tion for all NATO forces in the ter- ritory of the Federal Republic. to preserve military order and security behind the fighting lines. to ensure the logistic requirements of the West German NATO forces. and to support measure for civil defense in times of emergency.

Those who are concerned about the future of German democracy descry no sign of a "Fuehrer com- plex" arising out of this new re- serve army buildup. But there are critics who maintain that one result may be increased militarization of public life and a consequent reduc- tion in the power of civil administra- tion. For this reason. the growth of the new organization. and par- ticularly the concept which domin- ates it, will be carefully watched.

Speaking About Flags

The federal Department of Pub- lic Works isn't usually credited with prophetic insight. but it seems to have been looking into a crystal ball on one subject of current inter- est at this time. As noted by a com- mentator in the Ottawa Journal. the department for years has bought lte supply of flags-in-bulk by an- nual tender. Last November it very cagin wrote a clause into its deal for 1964. specifying that the depart- ment. would not. necessarily be bound to take delivery of all or any of the new contract except on an “as and when required" basis. And this a good eight months before there was any solid suggestion of Prime Minister Pearson running his new Maple Leaf flag up the pole!

We had no idea until we read

no Journal article by Richard,

Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers . Asaocration and The Canadian Press. The Canadian

All ‘ right or republication of special dispatches hera- .

FRIDAY. JUNE 12, 1984 .

Jackson that flag buying bulked so large in federal departmental ac- tivities. 7,000 flags. costing about $40,000. are flown from atop some 2.000 federal buildings each year. It would be embarrassing to get stuck with a bulk-delivered year's supply of a flag suddenly out of national fashion! I

Another thing that surprised us was the comparatively short life of government flags. The average is two months. In the. spring and autumn storms of the Maritimes, they can be ripped to shreds over- night. A howling P‘ziirie dust-storm can unravel a flag down to its rope halyard in a day.

On the Peace Tower of Parlia- ment. which Public Works regards as the Showplace of its vast real es- tate empire, the flag must remain clean, sharp and color-bright against the sky. with not so much as a loose thread trailing in the wind. So they change it “as required." usually once every two weeks, but. some- times daily after driving wind or sleet storms.

Public Works is buying flags by the half-dozen now where it used to order them 7,000 at a time. And the department’s supplier—a tex- tile firm in Niagara Falls—is run- ning them off. in a silk screen pro- cess. at a snail's pace. It doesn't. want to get caught with a stock of the wrong flags either. Once the new Maple Leaf design seems safe- ly headed through Parliament. the plant will gear up into a crash pro- duction program calculated to run out some 7.000 flags in a week.

The Olive Branch

Prime Minister Shastri has now been sworn in at New Delhi. India. and it is significant that he has re- tained the external affairs portfolio for himself, as did his late lament- ed predecessor. Both he and Nehru were instrumental. of late. in seek— ing to patch up India's quarrel with Pakistan which has been a source of concern to Western allies of both countries.

Now comes a reassuring gesture from President Mchiimmad Ayub Khah of Pakistan in this connect- ion. He proposes that, India and Pakistan cach effect. "a change of heart” in the matter of Kashmir and re.examine the relationship of the tWo nations. “Bitterness and recriminations. which have gone on for 17 years." he says. “have done no good for either side. They have caused human misery and suffering apart from an incalculable loss in material terms."

If Pakistan and India can quick- ly settle the issue of Kashmir. Ayub says. they can turn to the impor- tant problems involved in the treat- ment of Min-le minorities in India and Hindu minorities in Pakistan. The nations have many areas of mutual interest and are natural trading partners. Ry resumption of good relations both would benefit. And both could cut back on expen- sixe military programs.

Wise Words, which could not come at a more appropriate time. The prospects for world peace could be immeasurably improved if they were converted. on both sides. into statesmanlike action.

PeaIing Out Again

“Bow-bells" are ringing out again in old London. They pealed yesterday to herald the reconsecra- tion of the Church of St. Mary-le- Bow. Cheapside. the church in which they hang. which was almost. destroyed in a. bombing raid in 1941 and has been painstakingly restored. The work took eight years and dona- tions toward the $1,200,000 cost have Come from many parts of the world.

Canadian service men will have memories of this famous old church. which was rebuilt by Sir Christo- pher Wren and was considered one of his best. structures, after St. Paul's Cathedral. But long before that—since the 11th century. in- deed—a church stood on this site in Cheapside, and was an integral part. of London life. Its belle sum. moned congregations to worship: they rang to welcome important visitors and to celebrate state oc- casions. The word "bow" in the name comes from the semicircular arches in the old Norman crypt.

It has been said that while Lon- doners named the church, the bells of the church named Londoners. Everyone born within sound of their pea] was regarded as a true London Cockney

KID STUFF

_O_TTAWA REPORT by

Patrick Nicholson

Income Statistics And Federal Politicians

4.507.767 Canadians enjoyed an average income of $4.348 in 1961. according to statistics re leased by the Minister of Na- tional Revenue.

Divided according to occupa tion. the best-paid Canadian workers were doctors and sur- geons. 14.588 of whom averaged 317.006. Other groups. in des ccnding size of earnings. were lawyers and notarics. engineers and architects. dentists. accoun tants — all of whom averaged five-figure incomes. Down atN the bottom of the list of tax- paying workers were farmers averaging $4.355. fishermen av- eraging $4.289 and "employees" averaging $4.132.

There is one. startling aspect I of tlial comprehensive list ot' Canadian workers and taxpay- ers. It omitted the classifica- tion “Federal Politicians."

There is so much public at-

tention focussini: upon the wor- kers in this class — adverse al- lention very often —— that I will i offer some statistics. i Except when death has exacl- i ed its inevitable toll and the in I cumbenl Prime Minister (tallied in causing consequent 1 vacancies to be filled. we have I 361 active federal politicians. I consisting of 96 senators and 265 I |

I

has i'

members of the House of Com-

mons.

Allowing for their remunera- tion as members of their re- spective legislative chamber. plus their extra pay for extra work as ministers. parliamen- tary secretaries. Speakers etc. i their average remuneration be- I fore income tax is in excess of . $21.4s2. ‘

If we exclude the less highly i paid senators. who participate i less lavishly in the extra pay. 3 we find that the 265 member of the lower House average bct- for than $23,792 before tax. This Is very substantially more titan the average remuneration at our highly-paid and hard-work- Ing top professional ~ our doc- tors.

The lolal remuneration of members of the House of Com-

mons. in the form of salaries - soared ’

and allowances. has from $2.9 million last year to $5.3 million this year. owmg in the substantial pay increase

mer. The other expenses of op‘ erating the House. excluding building maintenance and de preciation. have risen modesuy to $4.7 million. On these figures. the House costs the taxpayers about 513.106 per sitting hour.

It is not possible to assess or at. "

locate the cost among office and committee work on an hourly basis. but to do so would prop- erly reduce this estimated hour ly cost of the Commons.

. Minister.

The Prime Minister today Is paid 345.000 per year. and enjoys in addition’ perquisites costing the taxpayer a b o u t twice that sum. Each cabinet minister is paid $35,000. includ ing his (or hert remuneration as an MP. The leader of the offi- cial opposition receives th e same. plus a rent-free furnished house. Parliamentary Secretar- les receive $22,000 per year; the Speaker is paid salary anu allowances totalling $34,000. And the list scales down to the bum. ble backbencher who receives salary of $12,000 plus lax-free allowance of $6,000. worth per- haps $21.800 before taxes.

In addition. all parliamentar- Ians enjoy free mailing privil-

eges: MPs benefit from Car.- ada's most generous retirement allowance scheme: and recent- ly rather wantonly extravagant travelling expenses have n- come repayable for them. Many Canadians have ability which has carried them into the millionaire class or near; the nation needs that ability. which, patriotic citizens should coniri bute even at a financial loss to themselves. Thus they 5 h o uld say “thank you" to the country which has permitted their suc cess. Where are the “Bay Street Boys"? We need Bay Street competence today to run the problem business called Can.

ada.

We Can’t Afford It

Cape Breton Post

It's too bad the question of a distinctive new fits for a a. which every political par- ty in the country wants. had to become a political football. Too

. many Liberals support the pro- i posed new flag simply because

it is being presented to the

country by a Liberal P r I me 3 Conserva- =

Too many lives oppose it for essentially the same reason.

The Conservative Party un- der John Diefenbaker. commit- ted to introduction of a new flag by resolution at vention. had

then. and are now in the p051- i

tion of opposing a Liberal move

cord as favoring, It. need not have been that way had states- manship been substituted for politics.

At the same lime. It seems sadly obvious that had the Con- servatives brou ht in a new flag lihe Liberals would have felt du- tv bound to be just as vocal as

. Conservatives are now In oppo-

sition. And they would probably have used the same tactics.

Can— f

the. 1961 eon-3 failed to act when it‘ the opportunity because ‘ members could not agree on a i me . design. They lost their chance i

1 Such are the dictates of politics. A lot of people we know are I by now heartily sick of the way i the question has been ktc ked ‘ around: fed up with the petti» ness displayed on all sides in al- tempting to reach agreement on a question that cried out for a humble and dignified

strongly favor the Red Ensign because It symbolic of a past that should be honored. and applaud 1 efforts of Elgin's James

'3'

Bain in this direction. But more than that. we want to see the matter set-tied so that Parlia- nt can get on with the coun- try‘s business.

whichever way It goes. Will 1, honored and ' flag wavers on all sides have i had their say. and no one wants ; to see an election fought over i this Issue. Such an election could i leave Canada divided as It has

never been in its history, bitterness engendered would take a generation to heel. We can‘t afford It now. or ever. and it's up to Parliament to see it does not happen.

they voted themselves last surn- i

I 94

False Bonkru pts

Montreal

Canada has come profession- al bankruple. They plan their bankruptcies as a means of ev- ading payment of their debts. Then they start up in business

Of course, there are the gen- uine bankrunts. Their failures are their misfortune. They de- serve sympathy.

But the planned bankrupt de- serves none. nder the law as it is now the is getting away with it. The law needs to changed.

The Temple Of Time

New York Times

The temples of Abu Simbel island isolated from the rest of the world alongside the waters of the Nile. They are part of a rarefied and silent. landscape. a landscape reduced to the sky. the flat greenish expanse of river. and the tawny cliff lnlo which the temples are curved.

Abu Simbel ta 3.000 years old. but It is more than an im- portant archaeological record. It evokes antiquity with a- pow- er no other monuments. not even the pyramids. can ap- proach.

Now the character of Abu Slmbel must change. In a mu- stve engineering operation. paid for throng: contributions of some 45 nations. the 'lemplea are to be cut out from the base of their cliff and raised to It! top to save them om drown- ing in the lake that will back up behind the Aswan Dam.

They will rise as sculptured islands In a man~ma ace in- Itead of facing a river that was :‘ewded as a divine manifesta- GI

i

But the huge sentinel figures of god-Pharaohs will all-ll greet the cuts when it rlses. as they have seen it rise more than one million mornings. to strike through the entrances onto the altars Mthln. as a symbol of eternal life.

The United States should be

cooperating In this Intonation- al eff e "--

ort to ore-aw Abu Sim bel. Instead. the House Itaa fell- a t

million In Egyptian pounds to counterpart funds. If the Ben ale also reject: lite appropria- tion. the laaue ta dead and so any belie reaeue of Abu 81m-

Work is new proceeding on the preliminary stages of rela- lng Abu Simbel: but It mity have to stop because the funds contributed by the 45 other nation are inadequate to com- plete the job. The delay In Con- grass thus endangers a univer- sal heritage that would be lost forever if Abu Simble were left to disappear beneath the Wet. or

a

Gazette

This situation particularly concerns the construction in- dustry. There the number of bankruptcies reached 714 last year, The liabilities amounted

The Canadian Con- struction Association In 1962 ur- ged changes in the laws upon the Government. So far nothing has happened.

Under the existing Bankrup- tcy Act. a debtor. by declaring himself bankrupt. can receive and absolute discharge from his business debts. Hits creditons are left to divide the residue of his business asaeta. But on an operation appear to be neat-lug its end. every Iaat bit of liquidity — every disposal aa- set — may be drained out of fit company. The creditors may find tltemaelvea left with an i:- recovereble residue.

More than this. the bankrupt. having not old of his debts. with as little real lose to lslmaelf as possible. may promptly eat him- alef up In business again. He user: name. ' may poouhlawaywtlhadeandseet clam to eucceed or to go bank- rupt again. .

The, Canadian Construction

floatation recommends two changes In th e Bankruptcy Act. The first would be a pro-

actton necessary where there la a definite indication or band. And the second Would be a pro- vision for coon-appointed pub- lic accountants. would in a maiden to provide lndepen~ dent reports of the financial op- eration of the bankrupt. channel one need. ed to prevent the current abuse of the privilege of being able to obtain. flu-watt bankruptcy. a legal dtachatp of al deb“. I

ap- .

the . A. Mc- l

I And after it Is settled. we; . would hope that the decision.

their own party has gone on re- 1 ' i supported. T h e '

Activity Oi Pigment Cells

By Dr. Houston R. Van belle!

Pigment (melanlnt' in the skin produces the different co- lors or races, including white Caucasians. yellowi Orien- tals. reddish Indiana. and black Negroes. The amount and kind of pigment that forms deter- mine the skin color. The differ ences are hereditary and origin ate in special pigment-producing cells (melanocytea) located in the deeper layers of the akin and in areas surrounding the hair roots.

The pi merit granules are passed along through branching tubules to the cells near the sur- face that do not form melanin. The pigment disintegrates on coming clo er to the surface and little remains by the time the outermost layers of the skin are shed

The distribution of the me- lanocytes is not uniform, with a greater concentration on the face, forehead. behind the ears. and in body folds. The palms and soles halve the least. There is no difference in the number of melanocy-tes in the races: the amount of melanin produc depends upon the activity of these cells.

The melanocylcs surrounding the hair bulb act differently

from those in the skin. This ex-.

plains why some persons have I i g ht skin and black hair or dark skin and gray hair. It is believed melanocyle are re- sponsible for the hair shade '— exeept in redheads. who have in addition. a pigment contain- ing iron.

The production of melanin is influenced by exposure to ultra- violet and by the behavior of the endocrine glands and the nervous system. The skin dark- ens when the melanocytes are stimulated and lightens when these cells are inhibited. The skin fans. for example. because the manufacture of melanin is stepped up by oxidation through a complicated chemical pro- cess. Freckles develop in areas where melanocytic activity V is Increased by sunlight. The lett- dency to freckle is genetically determined.

The pituitary gland puls out a melanocyte stimulating hor. mone (MSI-It. This hormone is responsible for the mask of pregnancy. for example. Hyper- ipigmentation also may occur in hyperthyroidism. p e r ri icicus anemia. sprue. and insufficien- cy of the adrenal glands.