THE "CI-IARLOTT

ETOWN GUARDIAN

PAGE TWO

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

THE 503E151

-A SA TURDA Y FEA TURB-

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

iimpire ilape. fProveii Worthy 10f ller llama

TIONAL HORIZON

TI-IE PLACES 0P INTEREST AND PURPOSE IN LEARNING

interest is the foundation of ed

learning. Interests may be either native or acquired. The teacher should start with those that are native and lead to those which are the product of human thought. A child may be interested in evuits rshich affect him directly or in the doings of others, as experi- enced vicariously in pictures and language. Education should es- tablish worthy interests which will endure through life. When an interest becomes attached to an imagined future accomplishment. and the will to achieve is arous-

. a purpose results. A continu- in purpose tends to direct the pu- pi ‘s actions. Extemal motivation is less necessary. The immediate

uring purposes. All learning in- volves activity and effort u n the part of the learner. In i eal conditions the work should not be unpleasant or tasteful. but pupils must learn not to shrink from necessary labour because it is unpleasant. The spirit of plav should be utilized in the early lyears and lead gradually to the disciplined labours of adulthood.

LITERATURE (The Story Of Gareth and Linet)

I. In Gareth! um re- guest’! "that he have food and otignig for one year.

2. What was Gareths second re- iucst? 'I‘h:\t he be allowed to go to the rescue of the unknown ludy.

3. What was Garetlvs Lhird re- quest? That he be Knighted by Sir Lancelot

4 What battle deeds did Sir Gareth perform on his way to the

ssilc of the Red Lawns?

-.ix_ thieves; overcame the Green Knight and the Red Knight: zvercame Sir Persaiii.

5. Why had the Knights of the RH Lawns murdered all the Knights who came against him? Because Lancelot and Gowaine

had slain the brother of hi lady love.

6. What was the great virtue in the ring which Liones gave to Gareth‘! I-Ie who wore it should lose no blood; and it continually changed the colour of his armour.

7. Llones love Gareth? Liones loved Gareth at first sight and before she knew who it was. . 8. What do you think of the use ‘nf numbers of colours, of proper names. of times and distances in this story? Is scientific accur- acy important in a story of this kind? These made the story more vivid and gave a touch of real- ity to it. Scientific accuracy is. not Ilmportant. In fact it would de- ‘tract from the interest and would rob it of the Early Middle Age Ieffect which the author trys so well to give it.

COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis may attack any irgan of the body. but it is es- sccially likely to attack the lungs he glands of the neck. the kid- neys. or the bones and ‘Joints People become infected with u usually during childhood. Tuber- culosis may remain latent. that is dormant, for many years or even life. provided the resistance oi the body is maintained at a high level. Later the disease may b0- rome active if ones resistance i: uroken down. or if the one hav- ing the infection is stronsll! m" fccted again. _

Tuberculosis is not inherited The children's parents who have tuberculosis. however. may con- zract it directly from the diseased (or tuberculous) parents. People contract tuberculosis chiefly (l) oy eating food upon which the liv- irg bacteria from-the discharges of tuberculous patients have set- wed or upon which flies carrying he bacteria have lighted; (2) by drinking milk or eating butter from cows which have the disease; (3)

by handling objects which persons i" with tuberculosis have handled. transmit-

Tuborculosis is also ten <4» by germs in the air. in the dust on the streets or floors, n2‘ on doors or furnishings of pub- 11c buildings. People who spend zuuch of their time out of doors are less liable to the disease than

those who live mostly indoors. This t

form of tuberculosis which_ roread by milk from cows having

the disease is especially dangerous

10 children. This form attacks the lvmnh glands and the bones. but inrelv attacks the lungs. The de- rclonment of pioneer work by‘ finch has resulted in tests which cm be applied to cattle to de- icrmine whether they are suffer- ing from tuberculosis or have had

PRIMARY S

Complete the following sent- ences using the correct word from "e bra '6'.S.' l. (SHOW. frost. heat) changes Ra's!‘ to ice. . A piece of ice is (hard. small. Infti.

3. A piece of ice is used to (eat.

PRIMARY

Leather And R

This lwvvvn may be introduced h: the teazlier and pupils discus- sing the different kinds of shoes u-orn. Different kinds of leath- er. ctc., may be discussed. like to ut- have to wear rubbers. or rub- ‘oer boots on a wet day.

We have leather shoes. but

ilic disease.

per treatment is begun during the earlier stages of the disease. there is a very good chance of recov- cry. The patient should have (it . mplete rest.

air, (3) plenty of sleep. ten hours at first-later eight. (4) abundant sunshine. out not too much ex- posure to intense sunshine. and '5) a well-balanced diet with a plentiful supply of vitamins. These all help to build up‘ bodily resistance so that bacteria can do no harm. In certain types of tuberculosis. surgical treatment is being employed with success- ful results. Now that the nature of tuberculosis and the ways in which it may be spread are known. much can be done toward prevent- ing its spread: (l) One can pro- tect oneself to a considerable ex- tent by keeping the body resist- ance high through observing the rules for healthful living. 2. One can have a thorough physical ex- amination every year. supplement- ed by X-ray photographs of the lungs, so that the disease. if pres- ent. can be detected in its earlier stages. (3) All patients suffering from active tuberculosis should be treated in hospitals. (4) The pati- ent suffering from the disease should protect others by covering his mouth and nose with cotton gauze or paper gauze when cough- lug or sneezing. and by then bum- ing these cloths or papers. H: should also collect in special re- ceptacles and burn all material eliminated by coughing. 5. Fam- ilies may protect themselves by buying milk which is from cows known to be free from tuber- culosis. or which has been pasteur- ized, and by buying food which is protected from flies and dust.

EAT WORK

keep food).

4. Ice is made from (frost, wat- er. snow).

5. We change ice to water by (melting. freezing. stirring it).

0. If water from ice ts heated get (ice. frost.

a

still more steam).

NATURE

ubher For Shoes

6. Did we find that our shoes

were all made from. the same kind

leather? No. Different kinds of leather are used.

7. How may we get different kinds of leather? This depends on the kind of animals the leath- er is taken from.

8. Does all leather and rubber

W0

It is now known tnat if pro-‘

the '

l. How do we get rubber? From the rubber tree. Tc teacher could :-.*.u\v' the class pictures of rubber

cost the same price and wear the same length of time? No. The higher priced goods wear longer.

_ I EDEN'S FIVE-POI

On May 36. Anthony Eden, For- eign secretary of Britain, present- ed a five-point blueprint for a post-war world organization. built around the British Empire. the United States. Russia and China.

‘III FIVI POINTS

1. The world organization must be designed to prevent a recur- rence of aggression by Germany and Japan and must be fully equipped with force to meet this purpose;

2. To ensure this there must be close political and military col- laboration between the United Slates, the Soviet Union. the Brit-

EASTERN FRONT

From October 19th to Nov. 10th the Russian armies made good progress. A few days later Mos- cow admitted that the Russians had advanced some 19 miles deep un an 87 mile front into East Prussia About the 22nd of October. an- other Russian Army, moving through Northern Finland. reach- ed the frontier of Nolan's)‘. Kir- kencs. Barents Sea port. was cap- tured on October the 25th

On Oci. 27th( it was reported mat Russian mountain troops had virtually completed the conquest of Ruthcnia, a Czecho-Slovak province stolen by Hungary. In Yugoslavia the Red armies clear- ed the eastern banks of the Dan-

' ANSWERS TO LAST

STATEMENTS

2. False; 3. False: 4 6. True: 7. True:

1. True: True; 5. False; 8 False; 9. False; l0. False.

Tell whether the following statements are True or False:

1. Early French settlements were along the St. Lawrence Riv- er in Canada. 2. Enormous pro- fits were made from the fur trade. 3. The Dutch colony along the Hudson River was captured by the French. 4. The Puritans settled in the region new known

| spar

Substitute single words for the phrases in the following sentences:

1. The pines on the mountain are tall. 2. They are leaving in I short while. 3. I-Ie runs with great speed. 4. The car belonging, to us is in the garage. 5. He was

The death of William Temple removes one of Britain's great re- formers. Two years ago he laid down the following five principles for Britain:

1. The chief motive in industry must not be profit-making; 2 Land ownership and money DOW!" must be controlled by U19 nflilPfll 3. The general interest must takc precedence over every sectional in- teresi: 4. No man must have a

Vimy Rid-ze. near Arras. was captured by the British 2nd Army nn September 2. Vimy Ridge was the scene of the greai Canadian triumph of April 9, i917 On this site was erected the beautiful Vimy Ridge Memorial to Can- ada's First Great War dead. The. unique national monument. de- signed by Walter Ailward of Tor-

Discovery of deposits of colum- bium anti tantalum in the upper Mazurunl district in British Gui- ana. has been announced. So far. Brazil is the only known source of

HIST

1. What were "pocket bor- oughs?" Districts from which nearly everyone had moved away but which still sent members to parliament. The remaining few were bribed to vote as the wealthv wished

2. Who tried to reform these conditions? Lord Grev.

.. Who opposed Grey's Re-

form Bill? The Tories in both Houses of Parliament. 4. Why was the Reform Bill passed in 1832? The Lords stay- ed ztway from Parliament not dar- ing to vote against it for fear of rebellion.

WORK

Bishop of London. VIMY RIERIURIAL ontu. was said to be unhurt by’

RADAR MATERIALS

form, but it was defeated;

i‘

NT PROGRAMME

in: Commonwealth. and l. Responsibility in any

world organization must e d power. Consequently world orlauinatiion should be s

B

other peace-lo States ah come and play t elr part in the

struggle:

4. The world organisation should be flexible and not rigid. mat is. it should grow by prac- tice and not try straightaway to

s fixed code;

5. Al powers, great and small. included in the world organiza- lion should strive for economist as well as political collaboration.

ube on a ill-mile front. ‘rum forces seized port of Bpalato on‘ the Adriatic. ;

In Norway. the Russians rolled: some I5 mles west of Kirkenes. On Nov. 20 the Russians were said to have massed 35 infantry divis- ions and seven motorized cor around Budapest. In the Ballc sector, the Russians were report- ed to have thrown three infantry divisions and strong tank forces into the Sworbe Peninsula at the southwestern lip of Saarl Island. which the Red Army must occupy before the Gulf of Riga is entire- ly free for use by the Soviet fleet.

On Nov. 14. Norwegian troops from Britain landed in their home- land and began fighting beside the Russians in the Arctic.

WEEKS HISTORY

IONDON. Jan. ll. — (W) -— Q0 ws christened tho mipira Hops a few years before the war broke out, and when the chips were down the big motor-ship proved worthy of her {Olfllflfihlml i ‘

Because was hom- buiry. u» was '31 m‘ relief su

Two other ships of (Seville Saw) were Wainurama and the angi_. but the swrv of the moire Hope, lust released tells their stories too and the story of what happened to many merchant ships that sail- sd the Mediterranean gauntlet in the siunrner of 194i. Nil/Bl Dmtection was about nil. air cover non-existent. All the Kobe had was lust that —hope—and engines Push her al at 18 kn ts

Fold lo living

High-level bombers

first. but the Empire Ho escap. ed without a scratch. U- ats fir. ed torpedoes, but she twisted clear.

Next day torpedo-bombers and high-level bombers attacked con- i-lmlwfily. In 30 minutes 1B near-

es were scored. These damaged the engines and the Empire Hope became a sitting duck.

The attacks became more con- centrated. Bombs bio-w gun crews out of their positions. Each time they crawled back. On one cc- casion some of the gun crew were blown overboard and swam back to their guns.

vBut it was a hopeless fight. 'I‘wo direct hits sei; the ship nfire. one igniting the cargo of kerosene. the other fuming the craft into a fire- works dlsplay as it touched off the

as New England. l. Each British crs. 6. The Hudson's Bay Oom- pany was founded to bring out colonists. 7. After the Treaty of Acadia (Nova Scotiai was return-I ed to France 8 The French and.» British were rivals for the Mis- sisippi Valley trade. 9. Holland was never a great commercial rival of Great Britain. l0. Penn- sylvania was first settled by Quak-J ers. ,

without a penny. 6. The citvl in the distance is the capital. 'I.| They drove towards the west. H‘ TY

Glaciers in the Alps are ve

9. The wpmen of the South _.Bri;;5h sgyvicflngl] and Canada. and from Iceland io the

are very proua. The sun-

shine shone with great brilliance ARCl-IBISIIOI‘ 0F CANTERBURY

right to superfluiiy until every man has enough; 5. We want no classes-only one nation.

William Temple was a great force for good. a true democrat..- an outstanding churchman. a re-i former ivhnsc influence has been felt throughout the world an influence which will not end with his demise. The new Archbishop of Canterbury is Rt. Rev. Geoffrey Francis Fisher. I-le was the‘

the German blitz in France in: 1040 or by 4 years of German oc-r cupation. Later, a minute exp amination shoived one slight t of damage-the hand of stretched arm of the figure up top of the right-hand pillar (look- ing at the ‘memorial from the from. slope) has been knocked off.

ihis rare mineral. which is an es- sential of radar construction. The discovery has been declared "pro- mising both as to quality and ex- tent of the deposits"

ORY

the “People's Charter"? 1. That every man should have a right to vote: 2. Secret voting by ballot; 3, People who were not land-owners should bs allowed to sit in parlia- merit.

9. Who were the Chartists? Those who supported the "Peo- ple's Charter."

l0. I-Ioiv were they regarded by the ruling classes? As dangerous people who should be imprisoned or exiled.

What were the steps in the passing of the Second Reform Bill? Lord John Russell. a Lib- eral. brought in the bill for ure-

en

cargo of explosl .

was one broken w st. The marania and Wuimngi went ccwn in the same engagement.

British Serviceman May Vote By Mail In General Election

HIAD OFFICE

Qm]_y'y_g posts. though some remoi. iii-ca are not iiicludcd Rtglstration cf service personnel 21 years old and over now i5 under war and the register of such voters. will be published May 7 The white. pa-pel‘ recommended that quallfyingi . . date for regist tion be lvlarch 10-. lll the next. general election -- to at which m, el-yicg dgparmmmsi b: “em ‘*9 5m“ "Mmwscd time“ (Sflillillp llWpllCCliWliS will have beer. under recommendations publ shed received frcn} 90 per cent of those today. If adopted. l-llig will mean (rnrzib\e g. tlime-ivceks delay irerurc clectionj vine fccglnfnendflflgns qongglngd “Sim-s ‘ire kiwi“? . iin ilie white paper are based on Counting of innil ballots would; me findings of R spay,“ Conference '5 h? P13“. of members c-i‘ Parliament. over d“! 119i‘ which ffir John Anderson. Chan- . . "5 i‘ ‘Zjjcellor of the Exchequer. presided mm 531d "mil." "f ‘Emmi by Bu", Th: plan aimed at a general elec- ons h‘ m9 Unmd Kmgdilm ‘mum, iicn later this year bbut ilie white be announced “'- Qm’ “m? . paper said it cculd be used in i046 Th i '5 ‘he “Fcsr 5 f? ‘hfferfi or later. iliouzii the schtinc could euro between inc q Biitisn my be “pf-pea m by_e1cguons_ plan and methods in Cav- . l _

B!’ JOIIN DAUPHINEE LONDON. Jan ll —- (C-P Cable) and women wai- workers from Burma to

Azores will bc gblc to vote by mail

make the pniiit cl!

atliari . _..L__.__._._ f r

' h scheme would apply to seamen i hcm." viaietic as well as service personnel and the while paper urged that Zll'.‘ZIl’i{!(‘l1‘i’:ni-s' b: made also for voting L»; war pris- oners

One highlight is the si provsioii for u l elfction airmail scrvi

DRYING PROBLEM

boaters and flour-sitters

n nrnbio n of ‘i. . is u danger of rusting i iuitcslci lh.._.' arc wiped as dry as s . R A F’ with ii. towel and then put in a

Elie . ,1 ..

r-r

satisfactory and much atron

beainnins

Greater Business in Fora More Favorable Modality lower (on of Operation improved Surplus Fallon Every policyowner is invited to attend the annual meeting

of the Association which will be held at Head Oficc, 105 Victoria Street, Toronto, on Tuesday, January 23. at 11 Mn-

Fsvvsr Termination:

STRENGTH

. tics in support of the Allied ground

(lisirib- \\'.‘il'nl place until there is no sign

for utlon and collection of ballots from. cf dampness.

MPIGEON BROUGHT VITA

.7

L ‘INFORM/i TION FROM Ofif-‘lenlvcfl.

pollcyovlnon

Paid lo beneficiaries of deceased pollcyovvners 4,123,816 Increase In Business In force Total Business In force Surplus now stands cl

The resultsfor the year have been molt the Association is in a position than at the

the was.

pnvici Sloan/i”

Confederation

Association.

. t 1 a

we

Malmedy Bomlied Heavily “ln Error”

LONDON. Jan. l0 — (AP) -—Tlic United States Strategic Air Force acknmvledged today that at the height of the Allied aerial at- tempt to smash the German winter offensive some American heavy and medium bombers nearly destroyed the Belgian town of Malmedy "in error" ivhllc it still was held by American troops.

headquarters oi’ the Strategic Air Force said six medium bomb- crs of the 9th Air Force dropped bombs on the town Des. 23 "as a result of mistaken identity" and that. heavy bombers of the 8th Air Force attacked the iown the fol- lowing day "also in error."

The incidents occurred. a com- nzunique said. durihg a 43-110m- ricriod when the 8th and 9th Air Forces flew more than 7.000 sor.

inceassdlireunlalnlaeom

Conferaton Life

lleporf: to Ii: Polieyovvners For the Year 1944

I doll Vie! Ionlulilrlng ‘I944 TIIIIEI lnvolzhd IIIIWQI bonds of Allied Nation: I2,3'l7,4II

$24,“ 1,900 9,325,216 44,414,342

571,513,804 12,969,012

A copy of the full Annual Report will be gladly mailed upon request.

srcuitirv

Life

iis s%l~il-i&blilfih .

ported the ‘ mbings in a delayed dispatch dated Dec. 31 and said at the time of the attacks American troops were holding the town of

5,000 and never lost it, although‘ '

the Germans had approached to within five-elghths of a mile.

Boyle said that prior to m; bombings there had been several reports that the town had fallen to» the Germans.

This War-Four Years Ago

JAN. 13. 104I-Plyinouth struck bv German bombs. Gen. Ulbaldu Soddu resigned conunaud of ital- ian forces in Albania. South Africa to help “clenr Ethiopia 0i‘ the enemy." R. A F. gained air sup- remacy in Libya.

JAN. i4, filth-Admiralty au- nounccd week's sen losses one of the lightest of war-four merch- antgen totalling 14,687 tons. Artit- ur . iiracl tvitisli {Supply Council of

troops. Earlier Hal Boyle. an Associated

Press war correspondent, had rc- try

North America. Bulgaria denied ‘Elfin troops had entered roun-

T

Piuvis of Montreal named to ‘

(sees. How do we get it from the 9. Which is it better to buy, s, Name m, gem“ o; m, p1,“ Disraeli. n Conservative. who had

tree? The tree is tapped in

much the same manner as maple comes