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Tue DatLy KX AMINER.

DECEMBER 4, 1883.

TEHH Dp

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Agricultural Education.

Tue acting Minister of Education in

Ontario lately sanctioned acode of regu-|

Baditorial Notes.

—There are two principal reasons for | the scarcity of servants throughout this | Provinee. (1) the people geverally are) well off and do not care to ge to service, | (2) though well off, there is hardly a single man or women who is not anxious | to better his or her condition. They will not take what they consider a lower position ; but they are ever ready to go higher than they now are. To this end, mauy of them think they have only to go to the United States, or the larger Pro- vinces or the Northwest of Canada, and a paltry $16 or $20 or $50 taking them there, they go. But the places they leave to be filled are places to which poor English men and women would be glad to come; and we again express the hope that an effort willbe made to se- cure some of those who are coming out to Canada at the expense of our tax- payers.

— That, asthe Patriot (?) and its co- laborers are constantly deciaring, the Island is not now a good place to come to, not a place in which immigrants are likely to stay, we deny. We have the evidence of the Hon. David Laird, bim- self, that the Island is the most charming spot he has seen; and, with good homes, why should not good immigrants stay here? Is it because of the tariff ? Everyone knows that the tariff of the

United States, to which, it is said, the immigrants are all going. has a_ tariff

much higher than ours; and while we have no local or municipal taxes to pay —exrept for building school houses— very heavy municipal taxes are paid in every State of the neighboring Re- public !

—The Pairiot says:—* Before the days of high tariffs goods and groceries were cheap.” We challenge the Patriot to name a single year in the history of this Province when goods and groceries were as cheap as they are now—and prove that they were so.

—-But, it is said, the prices of farm produce are uuusually low. Oats and pork and potatoes are certainly lower than they have been. But inthe fall of 1878 the prices of oats raised from 28 to 30 cents per bushel. This year they have not been lower than 31 cents and very few even sold at so lowa price. In the fall of 1878 pork sold at from three eents to four and a half cents per pound ; ihis year the very lowest price paid for pork was four and a half cents, and a great deal has been sold at six cents. Ip the fall of 1878 potatoes were, it is true, as high as 45 and 50 cents a bushel. But there was at that time what was known as ‘a potatoe famine” in the United States. This year potatoes are plentiful everywhere. I[tis safe to say the 14 cents a bushel received by our farmers at the starch factories, paid them as well as double the sum in former years. Then why this continual grumble; this con- staut wn-patriotic effort to make our people discontented with their lot, and to prevent a desirable class of immi- grauts from coming here? We have, this year, had good prices for horses— never better and never larger sales; we have had good prices for catthe—never better and never larger sales; we have had good prices for butter and eggs— we have made and sold larger quautities of starch, cheese, and canned goods than ever before. We dare predict that when the statistics of this yea’rs exports are made up, it will be found that the value of the produce sold and sent off the Is- land is larger than in almost any previous year. ,

—The depression of trade, the **blue ruin,” of which the Patriot and its assist- ants in detraction prate, exists only in imagination. There are now no daily sales of bankrupt stock. Go to the County Courts and you will find that there is a large falling off in the number of suits. Ask merchants in good standing if money is not very much freer now than in ’76, 77 and ’78. Apply avy fair test to the state of the Province, and it will be found that in- stead of being hampered and rnined and ground down by the National Poliey, as the Opposition predicted they should be, the people, as a whole, are prospering as surely and as rapidly as the people of ao agricultural country can be reasonably expected to prosper under any policy which could be adopted by any Government of Canada.

—No doubt, we should be still betier off did we enjoy the ad- vantages of reciprocity of trade with the United States, But the United States, not Canada, must decide the qnestion whether or not we shall enjoy reciprocity’ Canada has’ done all she can in hovor do to that desirable end. In the person of George Brown she went on her koees before the authorities at Washington and begged the boon, which was refused ; and she has now inscribed on the records of her Parliament a standing invitation to the United States to reciprocity of trade in all the products of the mine, the forest, farm and sea. As shown by the result of George Brown's mission we have not the slight- est probability of getting reciprocity under what the Patriot terms “a free | trade policy ;” but there are not wanting |

signs that the traders of the United States regret the partial loss of the market of four millions of |

Canadians, and we have the best evidence in the world that a very large proportion | of her trades people and business men | Sre wow in favor of making terms of!

reviprovity with Canada. |

‘lations for examinations in agriculture. | At the first examination only second and |

. “er . . | third class certificates will be issued, and for these the following course of reading is required :—

COURSE OF RBADING FOR THIRD CLASS CER PIFICATPS.

1. Different kinds of soils; their proper- ties; variations in their composition, tex- ture, and condition; essential differences | between good and poor soils. Substances found in plants; and sources whence they are obtained. Exhaustion of land; causes; how prevented; best modes of restoring exhausted land. Necessity for mapure; production and waste of farm yard manure; use of artificial manures; lime, salt, gypsum, bone dust, and mineral super- phosphates as manures.

2. Tillage Operations.—Ploughing, har- rowing, rolling, etc.; respective advantages and disadvantages of deep and shallow, fall and spring ploughing; sub-soiling; fallow- ing; drainage, where necessary and how done; effects of thorough tillage of lands ; times and methods of sowing; after culti- vation; harvesting.

3. The creps which each kind of soil is best adapted to produce; succession or rota- tion of crops; importance and necessity of rotation; rotations suitable to different soils and climates in Ontario; good courses of cropping; bad courses of cropping.

4. Live Stock.—Best kind of stock for various farms and localities; summer and winter management; economy of good management; general rules for guidance in breeding; conditions and circumstances favorable to cattle farming, sheep farming, dairy farming, and mixed husbandry.

5. Food.—-Chemical elements and com- pounds found in the most important kinds of food and fodder, which can be success- fully grown in Ontario; different materials necessary for growth, maintenance of heat, and laying on flesh; feeding and fattening of animals,

COURSE OF READING FOR SECOND-CLASS CER- TIFICATES.

1. The plant.— Relations of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms to each other; nature and seurces of plant food; composition of the most impertent crops grown in Ontario; period of highest nutri- tive value: chemical changes in the ripen- ing of fruit, grain, and fodder crops; in- fluence of climate on perfection of growth.

2. The Soil.—Physical and chemical pro- perties of soils; classification of soils as de- termined by these properties; comparative fertility of different varieties of soil; active dormant ingredients of soils; best means of converting dormant into active.

Chemical and physical conditions affect- ing the barrenness and fertility of soils; causes of unproductiveness; power of dif- ferent soils to held manures; influence of frost, aspect, elevation, and climate on the productiveness of soils.

3. Manures.—Production, management, and application of farm yard manure; con- ditions which influence its quality; com- parative values of cattle, sheep, and horse manures; green crop manuring, composts.

Properties and uses of artificial manures: lime, plaster, salt, bone-dust, and mine and mineral superphosphates as manures; cir- cumstances under which each should and should not be used; times and modes of application; how to avoid the waste of such manures in the soil; their action on seeds and young plants; favorable and unfavor- able action at different stages in the growth of crops; action of nitrates and ammoniacal manures on cereals, roots, and grasces; special action of salt when used alone, and also in connection with other mannres.,

Night soil and animal manures; combina- tions of manures for certain purposes; manures which impoverish the soil; quanti- ties of manures to be used On various soils with different crops; general principles regulating the selection of manures.

4, Tillage operations.—Deep and shallow ploughing, fall and spring ploughing, sub- soiling, rolling, fallowing, etc.; advantages and disadvantages of each; preparation of land for different crops, as fall wheat, spring wheat, barley, oats, peas, and maize; differences in cultivation of light and heavy soils.

5. Seed and Sowing,—Quality of seed; importance of using clean and pure seed; effect of age on the character of crop, its rapidity of growth, and liability to disease; quantity of seed per acre; methods and depth of sowing; change of seed, why necessary.

6. Roots.—Cultivation of roots and tubers—turnips, mangolds, carrots, beets, and pototees.

7. Green b. Gders,— Oats and peas, tares, lucerne, sanfoin, prickly comfrey, clovers, etc ; their comparitive values; the man- agement most appropriate for each; man- agement of pastures

8. Rotation of Crops,—Crops which each kind of eoi) is adapted to preduce; succes- sion or rotation of crops; importance and necessity of rotation; principles underlying it; rotations suitable to diffrent soils, cli- mates, and systems of farming in Ontario; their effects on the land.

9. Drainage. — Principles of drainage; effects on soil and sub-soil; laying out and construction of drains.

10. Exhausted Lands.—Causes of ax- hanstion; how avoided; best means of restoring and enriching impoverished land.

1l. Breeding of Avimals,+-Principles for guidance in stock-breeding ;\. reproductive powers—how strengthened or weakened; pedigree influence—how intensified.or re- duced; loss of size in pedigree stock} how to control good or bad qualities; mainten- ance of constitutional vigor; common causes

aptitudes of certain breeds for different cenditions of soil and climate; principles which regulate special peculiarities, such as early maturity, rapid production of flesh, production of milk, growth of wool, ete. Horses.—-Most valuable breeds of horses for this Province; the leading characteristics of each; type of horse required for farm work; breeding, feeding, and general management; common diseases and their treatment.

Cattle.— Characteristic points — merits |

and demerits of Shorthorns, Herefords, Polled Angus, Ayrshires, Jerseys, Devons, Galioways, and Holsteins; in-and-in breed- ig; cross breeding; breeding in the line; results of each system; grade cattle; milch | cows—points of a good milk cow; general |

management; economy, ' Swine, —Cheravteristios of the moyt tm-

of barrenness in male and female; special hemined.

— = —— Ss =

sows and stores.

12, Food and feeding.—Composition and properties of the most important varietios of feed and fodder available to the Ontario farmer; classification of foods: chemical results in the use of different foods; *‘heat- producing” and “‘flesh-forming” ingredients in food; best methods of combining these | in feeding, so as to secure desired resulis; points to be observed iy order to obtain the full value of natural and artificial foods; increase of value by preparation of food; shelter and warmth as means of economising food; ‘*good and bad systems of feeding.” 13. Diseases of crops.— When plants are

| most liable to disease; causes of disease:

chlorosis; fungoid diseases, as bunt, smut, and mildew; remedies.

14. Orchards. — Planting, cultivation, pruning, grafting, etc.; best varieties of

fruit trees for different soils of Ontario; diseases and insect pests.

15. Foresty.--Planting and cultivation of forest trees, shade and ornamental trees, etc.

16. Entomology.—-Common insects in- jurious to vegetation; their habits and the best means of checking and preventing their ravages,

LIST OF TEXT BOOKS,

Ist. Principles of Agriculture (Tanner,) Hand Book of Agriculture, embracing soils, manures, rotations of crops and live stock (Wrightson), Canadian Farmers’ Manual of Agriculture, (Whitcombe), Soil of the Farm, Sir J. B. Lawes, and others; Catechism of Bgriculture, Chemistry, and Geology (Johnston), new edition by Cam- eron.

2rd. New American Farm Book (Allen), Talks on Manures (Davie), Chemistry of the Farm (Warrington), Elements of Agri- cultural Chemistry and Geology (Johnson and Cameron), Stock Breeding (Mills), The Complete Grazier (Youatt and Burn), American Cattle (Allen), Manual of Cattle Feeding (Armsby), The Shepherd's Own Book (Youatt, Skinner, and Randall), Harris on the Pig Veterinary Adviser|(Law) Harris’ Insects Injurious to Vegetation, Insects Injurious to Fruit (Saunders),

Could not some such course as this be adopted here? The matter is weil worthy the attention of our Board of Education and the people of this Pro- vince.

The Grimes Drowning Case. PXAMINATION OF LAWRENCE DEROCHE.

Lawrence Deroche, arrested in connection with the drowning of Thomas Grimes, fireman of the ‘‘Heather Bell,” was ex- amined by the Stipendiary Magistrate this forenoon. The first witness called was Bernard Gillan, who was the first witness called at the coroner's inquest. He testified to-day that he was on watch on board the steamer. He stated that he did not think the deceased and Deroche were much in liquor when they came on board, and then described the deceased and Deroche’s ac- tions as published yesterday. He ala testified that the first time he saw Ogar was when he took Deroche out on the wharf. Ogar was in liquor, but could move about and take care of himself, When he returned to the steamer, Deroche aud Ogar felfowed him on board. He met Grimes in the alleyway aft, and canght hold of him, because he did not want him te goon the wharf. He then told Ogar and Deroche to go on the wharf. Ogar was talking loud and grinding his teeth. He did not remember what Ogar was saying, or who he referred to. Ogar and Dereche “went ashore. Someone on the wharf then shouted ‘‘come ashore” or something like that. Grimes then got clear of him and went ashore. He believed the words used were ‘‘come ashore,” It was not ‘‘come ashore you son of a and fight.” As soon as Grimes got on the wharf, he and Deroche got into a scuffle. They were three or four feet from the end of the gangway. There were no blows struck. He (the witness) went on the wharf to get Grimes on board. When he got on the wharf Grimes and Deroche caught hold of him, and they tore a ‘“‘gansey” off him. The witness then re- turned to the steamer, Both had seperat- ed when he had walked up the plank. He did not look back until he heard Ogar cry- ing out ‘Grimes is overboard.” Ogar, during the scuffle, was standing on the wharf. He was not doing anything. The deceased was taken out of the water about five feet from the forward side of the yang- way. Ogar was standing towards the stern of the boat. When witness went aboard, the deceased and Deroche were far enough apart to be clear of one and other. Would not swear they were not touching one and other, but believed they were not. When the witness went en board, he left because he thought he was no use. He believed the scuffle was over when he went on board, and what he meaned by being of no use was the deceased would not go on board with him. The plankway from the steamer was very sleep and a person going down on it would have to run. Witness said he saw a ‘little difference in deceased when he was in the boat before he went on the wharf. Saturday was a dark night, and there was no light in the gangway of the boat. The gangway could be seen from the middle of the wharf, Witness could not account for how the deceased went over the wharf When the witness heard the splash in the water he looked areund and saw Deroche, or a person whom he thought was Deroche, going up the wharf. He was about four. teen or fifteen yards from the gangway and fourteen or fifteen steps from where the witness picked up the deceased, Grimes.

Wa tex OGar was the next witness ex- He testified going on board the ‘“Fleather Belle,” as in his evidence pub- lished yesterday. When Grimes came to the gangway he was contrary and wanted to get ashore, and Gillap was helding him on board. Deroche shouted ‘‘come ashore.”” He remarked to Deroche that fellow is noisy. When

Grimes came on shore, he (Ogar) walked

up by the paddle box and stood there. Deroche and Grimes appeared to be in good friends. Grimes caught hold of Deroche when he came on the wharf. Gillan came down after him and caught hold of him, Gillan shortly got clear of them and welked aboard, and when, Deroche got clear of Grimes he started up the wharf. Grimes then staric? for the gangway, bnt walked to one side and over the wharf, Deroche appeared to be ten yarde from Grimes when he fell over the wherf, He did not know Grimes was

MINER,

' , i ; portant breeds of pigs; management of | overboard until he heard the splash. He |

=

swore the deceased was not thrown over- board because he did not see anyone throw himover. He thought it queer that Deroche should go up the wharf knowing that the man had fall n overboard. If Deroche had been near enough to throw Giimes over- board he would have seen him.

The Magistrate said the evidence was practically the same as given before the Coroner, and he did not see any grounds for interfering with the Coroner’s verdict. He, therefore, ordered the discharge of the prisoner,

Omission.—-In the evidence published yesterday an omission to the effect that **Bernard Gillan did not drink the liquor offered by Deroche, or was not drenk,” occurred,

-_eo- + -

An Islander’s Success.

We are pleased to learn from the Denver (Col.) Tribune that Mr. Peter F. Barclay, brother of James Barclay, Esq., Ellerslie, has been eppointed superintendent of the new United States’ cour. house and post office, to be erected at Denver. The 7'ri- bune says Mr. Barclay, who is the best known man in the State, forwarded his bond on the 16th, duly approved, and is now awaiting necessary instructions pre- paratory to beginning work. It is to be hoped that the administration may order the work to be begun at once, ere winter sets in. The foundation could be com- pleted and the erection be gotten well under way before the severe weather will set in. Mr. Barcley’s appointment will give general satisfaction throughout the State. He has been here for sixteen years, has lived on both sides of the Divide, and is honored and respected wherever known. For seven years he has been the Superin- tendent of Senatur Bowen’s mines, and is aman of ability, character and unlimited energy.

The Ouray Solid Muldoon says the appointment of Peter F. Barclay to the oftice of Superintendent of the new Govern- ment Post Office building, to be erected in Denver, is one of the fattest and best appointments ever made in Colorado, and Pete is equal to’the trust. It will require at last five years to complete the structure, and the expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars in erecting it. Mr. Bar- clay will, besides handling the funds, have absolute jurisdiction over contracts and every detail tending to solidity and per- mency.

“The Celtic Race.” The Celtic Race.

LECTURE will be delivered by the

VERY REV D. McDONALD, D. D.,

under the auspices of the Catholic Litersry Union, in the

MARKET HALL,

—ON—

Tuesday Evening, 11th inst,

SUBJECT —“‘THE CELTIC RACE.”

F Admission, 16 cents; Reserved Seats, 15 cents. Tickets for sals at Fraser & Reddin’s Drug Store, Apothecaries Hall and Diamond Bookstore. Doors open at 7.30 p. m; Lec- ture commences at eight,

JOHN A. McINNIS, Secretary.

Ch’town, Dec, 4, 1883.

FOR SALE.

TWO-STORY HOUSE, on Great George Street, near the centre of the city. Con- tains fourteen rooms. Suitable for large family, or boarding house. Will be sold cheap, and terms mado to suit. Apply at this office. Ch'town, Dec, 4, 1883,

Apples aud Herrings,

On Wednesday, 5th instant,

at 11 o’clock, at the Subscriber's Room,

75 barrels Winter Keeping Apples, 900 boxes Smoked Herrings,

WILLIAM DODD,

Auctioneer. Ch’town, Dec. 3, 1883.

PHOTOGRAPH ALBUS

HE most magnificent Stock of Albums ever imported to Charlottetown is now on exhibition in our pew store—next to our general store The leading qualities are beauty, originality, durability and cheapnesy, Most of our Albums have the “PATENT SPRING CLASP.”

BREMNER BROS. Dec, 3, 1783, —3i

Y. M. C A.

LECTURE * COURSE,

oo E Second Lecture of the Winter Course, before the Young Men’s Christian Asso- ciation, will be delivered by

A. B. WARBURTON, ESQ, B. C. I.,

—IN THRE—

TT: My ©. A... MALE,

— OX—

Tussday Evening, December 4,

SUBJECT—“‘Scraps from Canadian History.”

Chair to be taken at eight o’clock. Ad- mission ten cents,

1863.

- — ow a —_

Gur Store Closes Every Evening at Six p. wm (Saturday Exceptea).

— — 0: —— —

Carpet Department:

[In this Department we are doing a very large trade, in Axminster Pile, Brussels, Tapestry, Scotch Hemp and Twine Carpots, Hearth Rugs and * Mats. The reason is We buy from tne very best British markets, keep the newest designs and styles, and sell at a small advance on ‘cost, vs

of

, Velvet

ee) emcee

Grend Assortmen:

Silk Plushes, Velvets and Velveteens, 100 boxes to ehoo-e from, at prices 5 lower than ever before offered. 7

9 ”

iantle Department: 2

These goods aro selling rapidly. They are the best and newest makes and

grand yulue.

partment: ae AiMer Cloths have been selling wonderfully

ry low for the quality, eee"

A large lot Seal Cloth from $3.50 to $8.25 por yard, Daily expected, 30 pieces Oiicloths (nglish), from f-yard to 3$-yazc.

WHOLESALE & RETAIN W.& 4.BROWNS& CO,

Chitgut py. 23, 1883.—dy wkly 3 ae, ’ - 5 ——__—____ meee

Cleth |

The 200 pleces Job, Jie fast. T

8° LLING VERY CHEAP FOR

LONDON

-

Men’s fop Coats, Men’s Ulsters, Men’s Fur Overeceats, Men’s Reefing Jackets,

Men's Woo’ Undervricthing, Men’s Flannel Shirts, Nen’s Cardigan Jackets, Men’s Fur Caps, Men's Gloves, Vilits & *carfs.

sti she piel lta a ae oie .

*

xt £. ae be

witha

Ladies’ Clot Sacques, a Ladies’ Cloth Ulsters, Lt Ladies’ Fur-line: Circulars, i]

Ladies’ Astracan Jrchets,

Ladies’ Fur Caps and Muffs, |

Buffalo Robes, ; Japanese Wolf Robes, 3 Biankets, “

Horse Rugs, %

Railway Wrappers,etc q

GeO. DAVIES & CO. Ch’town, Noy. 13, 1883.

LE LS Sy ;

Wisk. TA. —A T— :

BEER & COFF’S. ae

UR TEA is giving splendid satisfaction. Prices, retail 24cts., 30cts., and 36cts, Prices, wholesale, very low.

FIVE POUND TINS, (screw top), excludes the air, pre- serving the flavor and strength of the Tea. Just what is wanted.

Halt chests very cheap to the trade.

BEER & GOFF. |

a

Whelesaie and Retail, Chear. ‘0% :

ON EAND:

230 boxes very choice Valencia and Layer RAISINS, 30 half-boxes choice LAYERS, 3,000 pounds CURRANTS, 200 boxes prime FIGS, 5 cases choice PRUNES, 200 barrels hard WINTER APPLES, No, 1,

HENRY SMITH, Secretary. | Ch'town, Nov. 27. ;

;

Sia unk for the WEEKLY EXAMI. | & Newspeper po om PP Met Orily a per your

20 kegs GRAPES, AND MORE TO ARRIVE.

BEER & GOFF. Nov. 14, 1883.—8aw wkly es