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PAGE 4 TUESDAY. { AUGUST 3 5. 1958,

Important Event The appointment of an Opposition member as chairman of a i Standing Committee of the Commons is an

event ofxconsiderable importance. For _

one thing, it makes parliamentary history; for another, it demonstrates a. fine sense of responsibility on the part of the big Conservative majority which could, if it wanted to do so,

turn the present {Parliament into '

something resembling a party caucus. Despite the big names associated with the Liberal ‘ opposition,, opposi- tion criticism so far this session has not been noticeably effective. Mr, Pearson, with all respect to him, is ' clearly not at his best v on an opposi- tion bench. f

It often seems to be taken for granted that an opposition group, especially when it is weak numerical- ly, should be satisfied with the rem- nants of‘ responsibility. This is in dir- ect contrast to the democratic concept which assumes that parliament as a whole, not any particular group in it, is the governing bodyfllt would seem particularly appropriate for Opposi- tion membersto have an important say in studying and appraising de- partmental expenditures. It is good to see that in the present instance this principle has been recognized; and it is to hoped that it «Will continue to receive recognition. , “ ‘ ’

.‘A Faint [Hope ‘ Everyone, of course,,hopes that the meeting heads of govern--, ments-—-if one is heldydespite, the;

quarrelings of the moment—willibe a . success.'But 'ltis difficult: to see how r . _

it can be, sites the two sides are! 1111- f“ proachingrthe meeting: from entirely different motives. At‘ least, that is the conclusion'one isforced to draw ; from published statements of; Pre- - mler Khrushchev and President ‘

, Eisenhower.

Mr- .Ioszdwheris sole

can and British” intervention lit ,‘ Lebanon and/ Jordan”. ‘ It.,i§:”dbviously his intention to dWEIE-on‘f fictiti- , oussub’ciect for all; t“.is}.w§rth.._and_ ‘ we may be sure that/it is: ' worth‘a. good'deal‘ in Ali-ab and f neutralist cir-f cles—andto demand , unconditional withdrawal of American and British forces from the two areas.

President Eisenhower, on; the other hand, has said that the main‘ business of the meeting will betozdis- cuss Soviet “indirect aggression” in the Middle East. . ' ' * .

Now,;it doesn’t take an expert in international relations to see that these two approaches are as far apart as any divergent views could possibly be. There will, of course, be other in- fluencesat work—the neutralist in-

.fluence, for example; but basically it

will be a .tug of war between the two big power blocs; and it is hard to see how anything in the way of an agree- ment can come out pf s'uchycross pur- poses,'so long as each side adheres to its declared position.

Bill Of Rights

A dispatch from Ottawa says that Prime Minister Diefenbaker is ready to present to Parliament a “Bill of Rights” on which he has been Work— ing for some time. It is understood that in substance it resembles closely proposals made by Mr. Diefenbaker When he was in opposition, and reject-a ed by the Government of that time on the ground that they were. unnecess-

. dry. .

’The main points of the bill are said to be as follows: 1. Everyone has I the right to life, liberty and security of person, and all are equal on or the ‘ law; 2. No person shall be subtlect to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile Any person arrested or detained must be promptly informed why and given

' fair hearing within a reasonable time

or be released; 3. The right. to habeas corpus of any person shall not be abridged, suspended or abrogated ex- cept by Parliament; 4. Nothing in the bill shall abridge or exclude any rights or freedoms to which any per- son is otherwise entitled. Y These are worthy principles, of course. But are they not already pro- tected by outlaws and respected by our courts? A formal bill of rights might be useful in emphasizing these privileges of free men; but it is hard

" 400,000 for

. :._°acotihai.-W£t in his-own wotds, “to’d‘isdilésl’llimerlt; 0' I I

to see how it could give them a stronger hold. However, there is little likelihood of any serious opposition to the Prime Minister’s bill when it is presented. Its very name will win sup- port; for, of course, no one would want to go on record as, opposing democratic freedoms. But we do not

. feel that passage of‘the measure is a

matter of any particular urgency. It appears to be one of those things which can be safely handled at. lei- sure, since, for all practical purposes, it is already a part of the Canadian legal structure. .

Commonwealth Sales

Canadian exports to Common- wealth countries are worth about $1 billion every year, writes P.C. Coiling- wood of the Department of Trade and Commerce in the latest issue of “For- eign Trade”. Seventy or eighty per cent goes to the United Kingdom; the ten per cent variation is usually caused by the strength or weakness of the wheat and lumber markets in Britain. '

‘ Of the other Commonwealth coun- tries which. with Britain, teak 20 per cent of all Canada’s exports in 1957,. South Africa is historically our sec- ond largest market, though- some- times she vies With Australia for ec- Ond place. TOgether these two coun- tries buy roughly $115 million worth of 'Canadiangoods each year. Depend- ing on wheat, sales, India and Pakis- tan sometimes stand high—as in 1953 and 1958. NOrmally, however, Can~ ada’s sales to Pakistan are smaller than those to New Zealand and Jamaica. Apart from these major

the 25 otherICommonwéalth areas.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Lower earnings for the Big, 3 I automobile manufacturing companies

’ in the United States for the first six '4

months of this year made a big dent

' in Federal taxes. The bill for the 3 in the January-June period came to

$265,000,000, compared with $811,-

the same period in 1957.

'"*-‘;i"[lfl. ‘ . ,' ‘ V ' member. of. the; I advisory com-

sppoin‘ted under the ,- Farm . Stabilization Act? is quoted as, saying- ,thati‘th‘e act Was designed “to protect

the 15159801 .farntloperator (and let the devil tal'EsEthe hindmost.” That’s the

. way it seems to be workinguwhether

he lintentign; '4; ,. . v' ‘, ‘ urnal asksz’ “Would ‘

._ as“: 4- "" ' ' TherOttawa Jo

[we be bothering with‘Jordan and Le-‘

bdnpn: or wofi‘ying; over fNasserism’ or trying to Middle East coni- mhhis‘m' if the Mideast did not have ,oilllgPerhaps not. But, what is wrong about the, West’s being“ concerned about its legitmate oil interests in the

Middle East?

I s s it Until recently any foreign com-

pany wishing to ,do ‘business in ,Bri- '

tain had to obtaih special consent of the Treasury. That restriction has now been removed. In the future, per- mission will be given as a matter of course for the establishment by non- residents of' any new enterprise. The old restriction was intended to keep enterprises considered “prejudicial to the economy” out of the country.

' ¥ 4 s .

CCF House leader Argue told the Commons that “farmers in general feel that price supports are not high

_ enough.’.’., That would probably be the

case if they were much higher. Our own opinion is that‘the chief com- plaint against the supports in) this area is their uncertainty. Fhrmers should. know well ahead of time the lowest prices they arqlikely to receive fortheir products. ' I t l.

Britain is the first ,cOuntry to have its own nuclear power stations built by industry on a competitive basis, and the export of nuclear reac- ‘ 'tors and other nuclear equipment is similarly the responsibility of private enterprise in Britain. The UK Atomic Energy Authority will normally en- ter into agreements for the supply of ‘the necessary: fuel for British made nuclear plant exportedto other coun- tries under an inter-government agreement. a ‘

. 4 4 s . '

Referring to the granting of state- hood to Alaska, a Soviet paper noted that “the legislation reflected United States’ trying to find a new and more effective form of turning Alaska in- to a military, strategic bridgehead for an attack on the Soviet Union and the Chinese People’s Republic.” The editor must have been half asleep or drunk when he let that pass. Every one knows that federal control of Alaska as a State will be less, not more, than when it was a mere terri- tory.

. will mark the latest,

THE. BICYCLE BUILT FORTWO-

O

‘ Edward Cranshaw in

LONDON — Russian subver- sion is constant, to be taken for

granted as an unfortunate fact of ,

life. A great deal of time is West- ed and energy misdirected in try—

- ing to establish particular examp-

lesrof Moscow’s tireless activity ~ and then often getting it wrong. It is better to assume that every- where smd all the time devoted Russians and their ~ dupes and

' conscious agents are trying to un-

dermine, by whatever means at hand the foundations of Every society which has not given itself over to the safek . of Mos-1 cow and perhaps, Pelpmg.

Thus, in a sense, it is a tmism to say that the trouble in the Middle " East offers one more piece of evidence for the exis- tence of a global Communist plot. But it is no'trvery helpful. llt is as though a meteorologist were, its say thalllast month’s weather offered one more piece of evia deuce clouds bring nain. Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev have them- selves told us all we need to know about the Communist conspiracy -pemaps more than is good tor

us. MISLEADING- ' Thus it is untrue and danger- ously misleading to suggest that Mosgw at this moment is en- gag in Oomnninist revolutions in the Middle East. It is .doing- nothing of the ‘kind. What it, is doing is strengthening the existing Soviet empire vie-e- vis the Western coalition by help, log. to undermine the Western position. The must-mg Soviet Em- pire was obtained byxt'ome, or the immediate threat of force (as in the case of Czechosolvakia who felt herself abandoned by the West), laced with guile. . And the Russians have shown time and time again that they are not at present interested in. any extension of their Empire that cannot be held, fairly easily, by force stopping shoot of full- soale warfare. The Soviet Com- munists are still Russians. In-

' deed, their tactics in the Middle

reproduce in detail the sub- versive tactics of the Chars along the frontiers of India. SOVIET INTERESTS

But if Mr.- Khruschev and his friends are not interested just now in bringing Communism to the Middle East. they are deeply interested in helping to expel Western influence from that area.

. L ln icle Th SOVie’r ,Em ire , markets and the entrepot trade with l, ‘ s e p I _Hong Kong. roughly $35 to $40 mil- lion worth of Canadian goods go to

And to this. end they will work

The) London Observer .

with, any means that come to hand. If Mr. Khrushchev thought that

he could best upset the Western

apple - cart by supporting Arab kings and princes. he would do so. But he does not think this. His chosen instrument for the tints being is Ahab nationalism. Thus, inside the Soviet "Union, he

fights against Moslem influence

beoau-se it exerts a disruptive force on his own regime; but outside the Soviet Union he sup- ports it because item a dis- ruptive effect 0 the Western po- sition. l .

, mere might not be a single Communist in the Middle East, but Moscow would support any movement, even at the risk of burning its own fingers: which

, threatened the Western position.

conversely, Iraq might be, fullof Communists. but if it colv’s book, for whatever reason

to keep the Communists quitefar ,

e spell, they Would be thrown to the wolves without a tremor. MOSCOW’S ADVANTAGE

All this, suggests. that Mos- cow’s plotting, which is ever-. lasting, becomes dangerous only when the movement it elects to support in any given country has in itself become a flammable force. Moscow's particular advan- tages lie in her diagnostic mp erlority (not invariable, but very marked in the Middle East) and her perfect lack of sample. Thus Moscow recognized the fierce of Arab nationalism rin‘ the Middle East before the West did, and

was thus able to harnEssloosely.

to its own purposes the sort of emotions which, when they ma» c fest themselves inside the Soviet Union represent black treason (or revisiouism, to use the cur- rent cant phnarse). Moscow is also happy to exploit Amslb teelin‘gls about Israel. -"

Russia's subversive activity in the Middle East is thus not drifi ferem in kind from her subver~ sive activity in, Britain or Amer-

ica. lit is only more effective bev.

cause it has better material to work with. The only way to com. bet this sort of activity is to deny her the opportunity of pos~ ing as the protector of'tlle orp- pressed andf‘the modeler en- lightened altruism. The only way to do lthis is for ourselves to as~ surne in real earnest the role

which Moscow assumes as a dis- '

guise. '

History-Rich St. Lawrence 0,

N stionsl Geographic Society

WASHBNGTON —— A new era

In spacious locks ships arerals-

—~shared by the United States'led and lowered by intricate ms-

.and Canada as cooperating neigh- bors—«was born and baptized ear- ly in July along the upper reach- es of the St. Lawrence River. The baptismal waitress, pouring

\ out of Lake Ontario, were first

released, then dammed to form a vast pool that will serve as a major link in the monumental St. Lawrence Seaway.

Some 25 miles long and never— aging 40 feet in depth, the man- ‘made' lake will accommodate seagoing ships a thousand miles

,from the Atlantic. Its interrelat-

ed system of canals, locks, and dams will not only permit enor- mously heavier traffic, but. pro— vide millions of kilowatts of pow- er on both sides of the interns- tionsl line.

SAW ANOTHER WORLD

The inauguration of the entire

Seaway next spring will open a do ater lane winding 2,300 mil~ es fr m the mouth of the St. Lawrenceto North America's in- dustrial heartland.

The first big ships to so through act in a drama whose prologue was enact- ed along this same stream more than 400 years ago. But the early French explorers and settlers who come this way would find little to recognize in today‘s scen- ery.

'W h e r e primeval wilderness s p r e a d. great inland seaports now handle millions of tons of cango a. yea-r. The river, harnes- sed by concrete and steel. Elows

through channels 27 feet deep.

chinery that would have seemed witchcraft to the pioneers.

» Discoverer of the broad crack in the New World coast was a Breton skipper, Jacques Cartier, wlho reconnoltened the vast ent‘ rance gulf in 1534. On s return trip, he sought shelter in a smell bay he named St. Lawrence for the saint‘s day. Eventually the name caught on- rlor both gulf and river.

Cartier sailed up the Great River-«tr the River of Canada as he also call-ed it from the ho quois word Ksnata~to the site of what was to be the city of Montreal. There rapids barred further progress.

Like others spurred by the am- bition of the time, Cartier had tailed to «flind a short out to the Orient, Instead. he had turned the key to the inner secrets fend wealth of a new continent. RIVER-HORNE RIVALRY

In the early 1600’s, Samuel de Champlain‘s voyages and colon— ies along the St. Lawrence estab- Lis-hed France as a. Western pow- er. With the founding of Quebec and the discovery of the Great Lakes, other French explorers. fur tradens, and missionaries to the Indians pushed on to the up‘ per Mississippi. Turning south. they claimed an empire that reached all the way to the Gulf of Mexico.

Meantime. the British, too. were taking to the St. Lawrence as a ‘high road to expansion and trade. The long and bitter power

PUBLlC (FORUM

This whom is open to the discus- don by correspondents of question of Interest. The ohmic: does not neces- urllr mam the opinion a some pondents. ‘

\OEFICIAL, RATE CHARGED

Sin—«Inthe Public Forum-of Monday‘s edition of the Char- lottetown Guardian Mr. Harold A. MacGregor of Cardigan stated that in presentingvmoney to the stores Charlottetown 5' per cent wast-alien odf for exchange. The exchange charged by this

change. For at least the past

the 4 per cm. A ~Thisfinmisveryweiihw the value of the tourist ‘ to pm. and nor Will not etdmnpt to take ad- vantage amour tourists or local people by, charging an inflated rate of exchange on American. moneyn. ' "W W ‘ ' . , I am. Sir, etc.

.‘.' of list”?

President, R.T. Holman Limited.

astnuggle between France on d England. spread across the Ab lautic to erupt in the , French and Indian Wars. It was settled along this river in” 1059 when the, Brittsh victory on Quebec’s Plains of Abraham set Canada’s lustre alliance and course. ,1

Again in the Amenicsn Revolu-" tion and the War of 1812, cam- paighs in the Lawrence-Greet Lakes region made history. The peace treaty of 1:814 reaffirmed the Canadian-United States Bor- der through the Gnu Lakes end

reaches f the river. It so marked tlheClbegzihning of the unbroken driendly relations , that have made today’s Seaway pos- slble. IMPROVEMENTS IN 1700‘s The first navigation aids along the inland route were developed in the late 1700’s. One was a shallow canal that bypassed the Montreal rapids. The other was a small look canal'lbullt at the Sault Ste. Marie bottlean at the outlet of Lake Superior. It permitted canoes and other small craft to negotiate a zidoot drop

Rubble-ms to the dinner table with

, fully adding stew extra calor-

‘ :the amount of regular milk.

firm is the 'odficia‘ll rate of ex‘-.‘

three weeks We have been chars-r

certainly has not .

Tips On How To Gain Weight

By Herman N. Bundesen. M.D. I’VE WRITTEN a good many columns about the dangers of be- ing overweight and about reduc- ' blems. m? confess. however that I have sadly neglected those of you who are underweight and wish to add poundage. I

I’d like to do something about this oversight right now. I

I you are trying to gain weight. you should make every effort to increase y‘Our enjoyment of food and boost your appetite. REST AND EXERCISE A

I, it goes without saying that you should have adequate (rest and exercise. Mealtimes shoidd be happy occasions. Don’t take yOur domestic and office

011. .

yBetween-rmeal snacks are per- fecfly all right providing they don’t harm your. appetite for your results meals. But there is soo- ther trick of‘this weight-gaining business which will help add! ‘ I don’t mean that you white one to dam is or 12 pounds in a flavor two. Bothy cere-

lee here m1 here—it’s just the reverse of reducing regimes —' you, can add. weight. ' V

HERE’s HOW _. V' ' , « There are many simple why

of doing this. " '

If you have a hot cereal for

breakfast add a few rplsi.ns.l'

dates or figs. This will give you

an extra 100 calories or so with- .

out adding appreciably to the bulk.

Dni’nk milk or cocoa instead of tea or coffee. If you dodrrihk tea or coffee.. mix [some evaporated milk with it. Evapomated milk, you see, is equal to about twice

DILUTE WITH MILK ‘ '

When drinking evaporated milk dilute it with regular.mlilk in- stead of water. That way you get more milk. .

When you have finished, a meal —

try to eat another shoe or even half a slice, of bread. Use plen- ty of butter mu jelly or mar- :maiiade. can add between 100 and 200 calories to your meal. I One more tip: Rich. sweet and fricti‘toods tend to depress the appetite; So save them until the end of the meal. ~ ’ QUESTION, AND ANSWE .. . :Whenever I. drink a warm dnink. I persplre ‘ sely. What causes this? Answer: 'lihe taking of anyl warm beverage may cause a per- son tonerspire, due to the ef-