plsy-iouyearslntlie R b

SPECIAL

‘u wsLLiNcroN s1. sasr

..

' others throughout

The only twin shingle manufactured, makes a rooi that is positively weather-tight and fire- , resisting. v l . Their size and shape,

enables them to be "quickly laid‘ they re- " quire one-third “less nails; they are laid close together, have the appearance of_ a slate root and being

l l i l

_ erases usinass is aasuran mllsuilflllfo the strongest and best looking harness it ‘

mu- pri low as they canbc sold ior. A made by mud Treoe& Co. yqpq-lai and, writ: us direct ior piicsa on any style

We have niads on extra good Team Homers, No. 64o, at o special price. N0 _ 64¢) Ark your dealer or wnla to as about it.

SAMUEL TREES 8c CO., LTD. (Established 1866) Manuiactut-i- oi Harness and Wholesalers oi Auto Supplies

Three ifiilinesses of Roofing

HE ROOF on this cosy little home in the

Maritime Provinces, like thousands oi C a n a d a. Neponset Twin Shin les. satisfaction and will or years to come.

IIIIEHIVIIET

Tlilll illllilii

Asphalt Sanitation - Slate Surfaced - Firie Safe

—-tw.o shingles ill. one, .

that sedan“ a minim niakeanrdérlildgy:

sir yocrdesler ior lni Brand Harness, l-lnwliiresoinmendit. lfoynur saierdoesnczthandls

ous guaranteed ass.

$57

‘ronosrro. orrr.

» ||||iilllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIlllllllilillllllllllllllIlllillllillll

is laid with it is giving periect

laid iour inches to the weather, provide a roof that is three thick- nesses over the entire surface.

They will not crack or

‘curl, and it is physic- ~sily impossible iorrain

or snow to blow in under them. Nepon- sct Twin Shingles have a crushed slate surface —red or green in color.

i‘ There is a Nsponset deailer In your district. Write us ior hla nanaa and n copy of our illustrated hooklst "Roofing. Canada."

l i ' BIRD 8e SON Limited, Hamilton, Ontario

"Osasdlan inoiny. Canadian made, should beapent la Qlnldl m Oaaadian anon."

EPUNST RIIIIJF

l

ll I

irr-

p. 1 BEHVE

Beaver Flour is

it strength.

‘IX-ill. ':.' l iiflAl/lvlil I HAIIIAM

R FLOUR ’ OBTAIN bread with that delicious home-

ntade*flavor-—-pies,~csires and pastry with tender, delicate, flaky crusts.

V de irom the finest oi selected Ontario inter Wheaticombined with enough Western Hard Wheat to give

p-"jlil “

IiIlilNIl-"Ififlz There is as ntucli dliiersnle tween Sunlight Soap and

imitators as there is between sunllll" "d

srtliloiai light. Wh l’ ' . with superior cleanse

uosp ior your meter-you [st than ln 9iiai|iit loop.

Liivaii sacrum Lmrrap. . roaotrro. 0N1‘.-

‘Besver Flour is the original blended flour -—snd blended flour is recognized by all Qualified experts to be the best flour ior general baking purposes.

Dos‘! lasflotsl Try ltl ' ~ l ~a...wjiy-| n- Wt’

L") lib/Vii!‘

UNIARIU,

1 a

-.. Ii; Khvfllaa-ahu- i‘

4- 3w“ .-.>

bi-

Absolnte PW“? powers-lore

i t

_ furnish the only means

. geny oi‘

THE LAW! OF HIRIDITY

m ANIMAL awesome

Dllflll! the last hundred and“flity yssrl the development of the var- ious breeds oi live stock has been one oi the great triiimps of agric- ulture. Stranse as it may appear. i advance has been made with- ° l "l6 190110111 . of eclentiilc principles. Rather. it has been the result of tho application ot tbs b79946?!’ art. a body oi lore and experience handed down ior gener- ations among the breeders them- selves. Back of all this lore. how- "tlf. there lay a large number of lllmibressed scientific principles which have only been formulated recently. and which are guiding the action oi the advanced breeders of lodsy. Many of the great breeders, acting by intuition, broke away from tradition. when they bevan mating animals of close relation- ship. possessing the qualities they desired to improve, a practice for which science has proved an ax- pianation.

These old breeders were. how- ever, handicapped by many age- long traditions whith must have caused them st times severe disap- pointments and dlacouragements.

The old-lime breeder believed that in mating two animals the cross shows a blend oi characters. When- ever oxceptiona occurred they were treated as exceptions. but Mendel showed clearly that blends do not lllWllys occur, but that frequently one member of a pair oi characters dominates the other members.

Aiifllll. breeders did not under- stand the results when crosses were mated. instead of blends some oi the progeny will show the char- actors of the paternal grandparents some of the maternal grandparents, and some will bs like the parents.

l-‘urther modern hereditary takes no cognizance of the theories of telegony and maternal impressions which fill the pages of the history oi breeding. The modern breeders have been freed from such impedi- ments, so that with the new condi- tions greater improvements may be expected in coming days.

We are often asked: "What have the new prinicplea of heredity done for the animal breeder." A iull an- swer to this question would re- quire many pages, so a short state- ment must suffice at this time.

The laws ot’ Mendel lie at the base of all modern scientific breed- ing of both plans and animals. As they have only been known for twenty years, their applications have been made to but s few phas- es oi‘ stock breeding. The essence of these iiiws is the important fact ihat the quantities or characters are inherited independently 0t one another and that these appear in a certain definite ratio in the sec- ond snd following generations. For example, if a horned bull is mated lto pure polled cows the progeny iwili be polled, but ii two of these hybrid polled animals are mated, the probabilities are that out of sv- ery 4 of the progeny thero will be l pure polled. 3 hybrid-polled and 1 horned; and main. if a pure bred shorthorn is mated to a pure white shorthorn the progeny will be roan. and ii i-ouns be mated the progeny will likely be 1 red. 1 white and 2 roans. it‘ a white polled animal is mated with a red horned animal the progeny will be roan polled, and ii‘ such roan polled animals are mated the prdbabiillies are that only one pure bred polled animal will appear in sixteen of the pro- geny. in this case two characters are combined. _

While color and horn characters are not the important. characters in cattle breeding, the fact. that their behavior in breeding has been fairly well determined has en- couraged investigators to deter- mine the laws oi hereditary for otli- er more important characters such as the quality and quantity oi’ milk. These characters however, are more complex. for many things en- ter into milk production—capaclty, temperament as well as the glands. it is likely. therefore. that the in- heritance ot milk production has to do with several factors. This diffic- ulty may be made clearer when it is known that when only one pair of characters is concerned .as in the instances SW65 150W. "l" chances of getting the desired char- acter in the second-generation is one in four; the chance of 80m!!! a combination oi two desired char- acters is one in_ sixteouh one of three characters. one 1n sixty-four- and of four charhctera one in 1W0 hundred and filly-six. Another ser- ious diiilculty lies in ‘tho relatively small number of prosesv posllbl“ from a single pair of cattle. if cat- tle bred like rabbits or iowls or plants the- breeders could get rs- suits much more quickly. 511“ Ill’

' other dlillculty lies in the lnvlsllr

iiity ot many of the characters lbs! determine the real worth of a cow. Color, iioms, and flesh are exlter- nally evident. but niiirprwlllvlyr" ly is‘ not. This is one reason wily m; show ring has hampered rath-

. g,- "m; helped to bring out the best

daiiliiecgiliiorinsnce test mlllt l" made‘ at oval-y turh indeveioplns s i h roduciil! strain- "tTlie iiiendelian flaws of heredity ol ascor- taining the real worth of s 00V and oi indicating tho germinal con- stitution of an individual produced by any long-continued system 0f inbreeding. They slwv ll" "9"" ness 0t basing the real worth oi s

. cow on pedigree alone. 10!‘ lll "m"

case matings have occurred which

- do not keep up the standard of sx-

‘ exc tionai indivi- §',',lgl-?c,f,‘,yu§areamc'ivan in his pro- iiverags parents. but not even the msiorltv 01 "l! 'l°'°"‘:.' ands of exceptional film" "l" M axcqpllnllll. in lact ihmpmsfllli’

lower than the ssrssl smll- “l it" best of strains, "tkeroiorsuntglol: "drag of the race is I0 W

PM; only the most, vlsvlwt 1""

l - .*.... . _ I

4-O-OfiOfi-OOOO-O-O-d O-UOO-QOO-O-OOOO-OOOOOQ OOOQ

the matings is‘ alwayl l°'""ml'

Quality if‘ Dairy Products

O.‘ E. MseKsnale.

With the I'll‘!!! wsslhsr- mlllr and cream troubles increase. llld every can of sour or off flavor milk and cream iaiurs the indus- try as well as the individual.

flood goods stdmulaus the llfl~ mand and further, when the cus- tomer is assured of a good article the dealer has no difficulty in scl- ling larger quantities. Ono bad dose is generally enough for the consumer and in future he buy! less or tries n substitute.

T-ha farmer should control the quality and price ot butter. if he furnishes cream of 500d tilllllly. he makes possible the manufact- ure oi good butter. which -com- mands the highest price on the market. But it the quality is D01" a low grade of butter is produced which means small returns. NOW the dairy farmer has s rcputa 10h to maintain that ls the stands -0i his products. Therefore the o

the iarm determines the ret from the butter and cheese _ in turn these returns delta the prosperity of the dairy fa because the price of butter fat is regulated by the quality of e finished article offered for sol .

Lack o! proper care ot milk ' c cream’ on the farm helps to lo er the price of cheese and butter aa well as, increase the sale oi s b- stitutes, and in tho end red ce the returns to the producer. ,

These unsatisfactory conditions can be overcome by proper care of milk and cream. To turn out s first clues product, cleanliness should be the watch word of the farmer. Separators must be clean and sanitary; the cream must vbe cooled quickly; must be delivered frequently and protected in trsn sit

The separator is the collector oi many of the impurities found iii cream, hence it a good crcsni is secured. the separator should be thoroughly cleaned after each ss- paration. Unless this is dons, a first class cream cannot be pro- duced. -

Do not blame the separator for all the trouble, as attention should be paid to cleanllm as and cars ‘ot milk before separation. Milk pro- duced under unsanitary conditions will not produce good cream; even it! passed throuzh a clean separa-

or.

in tho product-ion of good milk. clean stables, clean cows, clan milking and "ciennutenslls ire es- llslllllll. yet ail thhese are oi none elect unless the milk is the milk is run through a clean separator and -ironi reports of inspectors and butter makers. unsanitary milking and separators have been the chief detriment to the pro- sress o! the industry. Another point that should appeal to every "Dtvdlllfl farmer is J-hat the llwrvushlv cleaned separator ‘and other utensils last much longer than‘ those that are. left dirty hence another save and increase in dividends. when m, cream comes from the separator, the cori- rlitions are ideal for decomposi- "0" llllil siwlllns. but it cooled quickly. your cream will keep for a reasonable length of time and the lower the tempos-Mum i; i; “oolad- "l9 l°llBer it will remain in normal condition. This is not

hi8 asd all the means at the dispos- ai oi the breeder will develop a Dure strain of superior excellence.

The business of the true breed- er is to strengthen the strong iinss and to weaken the weak lines oi countless ancestors. Only by mating sires that breed daughters and srsnd-dsushie .. of‘ superior milk productively to the most prq. duciive dams, by inbreeding the ilrst generation oi hybirds, by making his selection of pure lines from the next. generation, and by “sins the welsh scales ‘andlthe Babccock tester will the breeder build up’ ii pure strain that. will breed true.

Mendel's laws reveal the fact that by long continued inbreeding the animals come to possess prac- tically the same set of characters, that is. only one member of each pair oi’ the entire set remains. They belong to one pure line.

lf each 0t these members is de- sirable and free from weakness there is no inrei-ent reason why in- breeding, aven long continued. should be lnpurious.

If the vigor 0t the animals shows signs of deterioration. it can be re- stored by outbreeding, but great care must be taken to prevent inu introduction oi some of the original pairs 0i character.

""' raacaaanorrulrows GUAItDIAN. "n"

0 0009900 soooo-e-s-e

possible by merely letting it stand in the open air. Th0 illll "Wild bs placed in water. aa wllfll‘

if you have ice (It!!! Ill dill!!!“ should have s. supply) by 911018.! a quantity in the ater you Ito able to set a much ower toillvsfl‘ lure.

-Do not mix warm and sold cream, as you are sure t0 I99" it all. Always use a cooling tank as it not only cools yflill‘ 01'0"“ more rapidly, but serves to taks the animal heat Ollt-Dl it and sn- surss s better product.

Another point to be noted is. that low testing cream spoils more rapidly than high testing cream and olten by the time it reaches the crsarnery. it is unfit to make good butter; it makes more buttermilk and it is in this way s certain quantity ot fat ls lost. About 30 per cant iat makes the best quality of butter. Heav- ier cream loses on account oi the amount sticking to tho cans; it also makes it more difficult tor tho maker to make accurate sain- piing and tends to yield incorrect tests.

Cream should be well cared tor in transit and should be covered with a wet blanket if it has to stand long at the station, or on the way.

As long as our creameios re csive low grads cream. so long nrs they knocking the industry. Good cream will enable them to build up a reputation for good butter, which means increased demand. higher prices and larger returns to the farmer.

t

mocv-i‘. THI PRESENT COST AND SELl-JNG PRICE OF H063

When a man states that there ls no money in hogs he bases his contention largely on more or lsss accurate records of teeding costs. and feeding coals only. it the market hog cannot even pay ior his feed. what thou of interest on investment, labour. risk, losses, marketing expenses, etc, etc.'!

The teed cost to produce oiis hundred pounds ot poi-k may be calculated by including the cost of maintenance 0t the breeding stock responsible ior the market hogs. Applying this method. one hundred pounds of pork would re- quire about 000 pounds oi meal. American farm survey figures in- dicate oven. a higher meal cost- 015 pounds. Valuing meal and grain s-t 010.000 per ton which is cons vutlYG enough, the herd feeding charges per hundred pounds of pork would amount to

$21.00 on the 8 to 1 basis. Even this docs not cover all tarm costs.

Figures available from herds on the Experimental Farm System compare very closely with those obtained in farm survey reports l.e. that approximately 78 b. c. of of the cost ot pork production is jor feeds and the remaining 22 p. c. to cover farm costs exclusive of whipping charges. Toproduce 100 pounds of pork under average Ca- nadian condition requires from 450 to 500 pounds oi grain or the equivalent. At 070.000 per ton for meal this would represent a teed cost per cwt. of pork of 816.62 which ngure represents only 78 p c. of the total cost. One hundred per cent or the feed plus the farm charge, would amount to 821.28 per cwt.

--'!‘he above ngure may appear startling. There are hundreds of small feeders who can lead a litter or so of pigs on a much cheaper basis. Otherwise thera would be very little pork produced. Why can a few hogs be raised compara- tively cheaply on the farm‘! Simp- iy because of the fact that s con- siderable proportion of the iced is in the nature oi a by-prodiict or perhaps home-grown. Multiply the swine activities on the farm and it la necessary to purchase more meal sud grain at. market prices. The cost to produce mounts alarmingly. So with the farm riock of poultry. '

Wltiat shall we feed liossi Grain. mill feeds and ‘by product deeds are becoming scsrcer than ever. Wheat byproducts are practically off the market. Tbs teed mar- lists oi the future are most. dis» coiiraging in prospect. The whole- sale price ot hosl has not appre- ciated correspondingly. The man who can feed. hogs profitably to- day MUST HAVE A COM-PARA- TNIILY CHEAP PRODUCT 0R Bil-PRODUCT to replace meal as largely as possible. Such are scarce. Milk products form the greatest oi all. City and hotel rs- fuse is another. Green feed ia- telligent-ly used. soiled or under the right. eondllons, pasturedw-il s. third. Barley is one ot the best ot Canadian hos "I'll-ll" little appreciated. Elevator screen- ings. lf oi stlldard quality. meet be utilised wherever available- The isaevao is ieirtss vflllls piss. who plans to lead them almost en-

tirely a grain ratios, vlw liu

OO-OOCO-OOQ-OO-OO-O-OOOO-T

pOf Interest toF ‘

cools about 80 times as fast as air '

l" serve meats. l

and flavor.

READY-TQ-SE

Meals in Tune With Summer Appetites

N summer, heavy foods are as out-of-

place as lnavy clothing. The appetite longs ior light and tempting dishes- dishes that satisiy—tlie ‘delightfully appealing dishes that can be quickly spared with Rose Brand ready-to-

Rose Brand cooked meats are culinary triumphs. Delicious, delicately-cured ham. iellied tongue, pressed beet. or any of the other dainty Rose Brand meat treats are prepared by sliiliul chefs so as to preserve all the natural

with them, you can prepare a meal to suit all occasions—a meal that: any hostess might wel be proud to serve, and any guest dc ghied to partake.

choose so.

DEL CIOUS

yr

..

lag.

a amuse’

idiiiiilly stillilbl Lesson

August l5-The Bins and Sorrows oi David.

Printed Text-"Whatsoaver a nian scrwetih. that shall he also reap" (Gal. 6: 7). >1 . all Historical Setting.

Time-Min and 1023. C. Place. Jerusalem and vicinity.

B.

Bettinm-Flrst passage from Nathan's speech denouncing Da- v’.'l‘s sin during the Ammoni-te will’. not long after Meilhiboscth incid- ent. Second passage. Absalom. Da- vid's third son. born in Hebron of a royal heathen mother. indulgent- ly treated by David, ‘handsome. popular. treacherous. ambitious. uniiiial, rebels. followed by almost. the Whole na-tlon. David flees t0 Mahannim between Gad aivl Ma- nasseh but miners a company 0f the faithful. David is one of the strongest. most attractive charac- ters in history, stained by some heinously evil traits. marred by some pathetically weak ones.

COMMENTS

12:9, l0. The first part of this vid’s sins. A distinguishing feature of the Bible is that it records both the sins and tho righteous acts 0f Biblical characters. The incident hsrs retbrred to is described 1H "ammo;- ll. Tho purpose ot intzro- ducing it is in verse 10 and con- cerns the punishment to be visited upon ‘David and his house.

l8: 1.2. Read the precsdlns chapters. After tho events record- ed in the preceding chapters. 1t liocams necessary for David to de- fend himseit against his owii trea- ohcrous son. _