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lerms :—Five DoLuars A YRAR,

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‘“ This is true Liberty, when Free-born Men, having to advise the Public, may speak free,’’—EKvxirrpgs.

CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1883,

SINGLE Copies Two CEN‘S.

VOL 13--NO, 121.

oN EW SERIES.

. fas DatlLy HKXAMINER is issued every evening, by The Examiner Publishing (o.| From their office, corner of Water aud Great George Streets, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. , | LaATES OF SUBSCRIPTION : Six Months, - - : $2 50 Three Months, - - . 1 25 One Month, - . - 0 50

re~ Advertising at most moderate rates.

Contracts may be made for monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or yearly advertise- ments, on application.

ALMANAC FOR OCTOBER, 1883.

MOON 8 CHANGES.

y (DAY OF WEEK a. h m |h m | morn aft’n 1} Monday 16 4/5 35) 6 6/10 40 2; Tuesday 5 §=33) 7 17)11 21! 3) Wednesday 7} 3) 8 16lLl 53 4 Thursday 8 29) 9 14} morn! 5 Friday 9} 27)10 Llj O 26; 6 Saturday 10; 25)11 6 1 2} 7|Sunday 12) 24}11 56) 1 40'11 36 8| Monday 13| 22/aft43| 2 26 9| Tuesday 15| 20] 1 26] 3 18! 10|Wednesday | 16, 18} 2 5 4 28) 11! Thursday 17| 16] 2 40| 5 47 12! Friday 19) 14,3 14/7 4 13 Saturday 20, 12) 3 43'8 7 14 Sunday + 21) 10; 4 17; 8 57)11 OF 15, Monday , 231 9) 449) 9 45 16 Tuesday 24 7| 5 28)10 29 17 Wednesday $6; 5} 6 1111 12 18, Thursday 27; 3) 6 S8)11l 57 19| Friday 28; 1\ 7 54jaft40 20! Saturday 30' 0! 8 54) 1 25 21|Sundey 31\4 58) 9 57; 2 19/10 40 22| Monday 33} 56/11 1/3 9 23|Tuesday 34; 55 morn; 4 27 24' Wednesday 35! 53/0 7} 5 42 25’ Thursday 37; 52) 1 8| 6 52 26 | Friday 38} 50; 2 10) 7 49 27\Saturday | 40) 48| 3 10) 8 34 28|Sunday 41; 46) 4 10) 9 12,10 21 29, Monday 43 45) 5 10! 9 49 30, Tuesday 44) 44 6 910 23 31 Wednesday 6 46, 42 7 7|10 56

“Prince Biward Island RAILWAY.

TIME TABLE NO. 20. SUMMER ARRANGEMENT. To take effect on the 24th May, 1883.

TRAINS OUTWARD. (BEAD poWN.). STATIONS. | EXPRESS. MIXED, MIXED,

Ch’town ..|Dp 6.45am|Dp 9.20 am| Dp 4.15pm Royalty Jo! “ 7.00 ** | ** 9.55 “ol 4.35 «

N Wiltsh’e! “ 7.35 ‘‘ “10,50 ** , ** 5.25 “ Hanter R’r| ‘* 7.45 ‘ **11,06 #1} ¢* 6,40 * Bradalba’e 64 8.10 se **11,46 “ec ‘ 6.16 ‘“ Co’ty Line.| “ 8.15 ** | “11.56 “| ** 6.30 * Freetown | * 8.26 “| “12,12pm) ** 6.45 ** Keusingt’n ** 8.40 “*! a as 6 7.08 * oe “e a Summ’ side| A" aa of Dpi4s 4 jae ee 7 p 9.

Miscouche | ** 9.40 ‘* | ** 2.08 *

W ellingt’n| ‘‘ 9.59 ‘* | ** 2.37 ‘*

Port Hill. .! ‘10,28 **; ‘* 3.22 “ O’Leary...| ‘11.20 ‘*| ** 4.53 **

Bloomfield | ‘11.38 ‘‘ | ** 5.20 ‘‘ Alberten,.; ‘‘12.03pm| ‘ 6.20 cE Tignisb...'Arl2.40 “* Ar 7.20 “*

Ch'town .. Dp 4.00pm|Dp 7.00am

Royalty Jo} * 4.15 “| “* 7,23

mates: is song. 7 ** | ** 7.41 *

Bedford. ‘* 4,40 **} ** 8.02 “

Mt. Stew’t| “ 5.15 **| ** 9.00 “*

Morell....| ‘* 5.44 “| “ 9.45 “*

St. Peter’s.| ‘* 6.04 ** “10.17 “

Bear River! “* 6.39 “* “1.11 ‘*

Souris ..../Ar7.10 “* |Arl2.00m

Mt. Stew’t! Dp 5.15pm! Dp 9. 10am

Cardigan .. P61 ++} $30.33 °° Jeorget’n..|Ar 6.30 ‘“* |Arl1.00 “

TRAINS INWARD.

(READ CP.)

1 | MIXED. MIXED,

STATIONS, | EXPRESS

—

3h’town ..| Ar 8.00 pm| Ar 3.45 pm} Arl0. 15am

Royalty Je\Dp 7.45 *¢|Dp3.21 “ {Dp 9.55 *

N Wiltah’e “ TAL *¢1 ** 2:25 7 Z 9.04 I

Hanter R’r| “ 7.00 “ ; ** 2.08 ‘ . 8.48 ~

Bradalba’e | * 6.36 * | ‘* 1.27 o 7 8.10 3

Co'ty Line.“ 6.30 “| “ 1.17 “| * 7.57 *

Freetown..| “ 6.19 “* } ** 1.01 “6 7°42 S

Kensingt’a| ‘ 6.04 ‘*| “12.37 “) “ 7.20 ne} 5.40 “| “12,00 | ve G45

Summ’side} 415.15 ‘| Arl1.30am)

Miscouche |Dp5.00 ‘* |Dp 11.04*"

Wellingt’n| ** 4.42 ‘| ‘10.35 :

Port Hill..} ** 413 ‘*! “ 9,43 i

O’Leary...| ‘* 3.22 ‘* | ‘* 8.20 .

Bloomfield] ‘* 3.05 ‘* | * 7.54 ,

Alberton ;.i ** 2.38 ‘‘ | “* 7.15 Z

Tignish...| ‘* 2.00 “* * 6.00

Ch’town .. Ar10.00am: Ar 7.00 pm 9.45 *. Poy Tee S33 «| « 6.20-«

Bedford. ..| “ 9.20 “«! “ 6.00 **

Mt. Stew’t! ‘* 8.55 ‘| “ 5.20 ©

Morell....| “ 8.16 ‘*| “ 4.15 ©

Si, Peter's} “ 7.55 “| “ 3.42 “

Bear River} “‘ 7.22 “| “« 2.49 *'

Senile ....[ 9 Ge he ee

Mt. Stew t|Dp 8.55 ** ;Dp 5.20pm

Cardigan ..| ‘* 7.49 Mi 3.27 *

Georget’n .| ** 7.30 ‘4 ** 8.00

JAMES COLEMAN,

Superintendent,

P. Ek. iSLAND Steam Navigation Go'y,

STEAMERS ST, LAWRENCE AND

PRINCESS OF WALES.

wae ee

SUMMER ARRANGEMENT,

Commencing Wednesday, 16th May,i883.

NOVA SCOTIA.

Leave Chariottetown for Pictou Landing every Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings, at 7 o’clock, connecting there with the Train for Halifax. Returning to Charlottetown on Monday, Wednesday Friday and Saturday, about 2 p. m., on arrival of Train from Halifax,

Leave Pictou Landing for Georgetown on Thursday, on arrival of train at 2 p,m.

Leave Georgetown for Pictou Landing every Friday morning, at 5 a.m,

NEW BRUNSWICK. CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES.

Leave Summerside every day (Sunday excepted) on arriva: of Train from Char- lottetown, connecting at Shediac with Trains for each of the above-named places ; and at St. John, with steamers of the Interna- tional Company and Railway for Portland and Boston. Also leave Charlottetown for Sum- merside every Monday morning at 1 o'clock, Returning, leave Shediac every day (Sundays excepted) on arrival of day train from dt. John, tor Summerside, connecting there with Train for Charlottetown. Also leave Sum- merside for Charlottetowa every Saturday evening, about 5 o’clock,

By order, F. W. HALES, Charlottetown, May 15, 1883. Secretary,

a BOSTON STREAMERS,

STEAMERS:

Carroll, 879 tons, Capt, Brown, Worcester, 865 tons, Capt, Blankenship

NE of the above FIRST-CLASS STEAM- ERS will leave

Charlottetown for Boston

EVERY

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, AT 5 P.M.

PASSENGERS will tind this the Cheapest and most pleasant trip to Boston. Accommo- dations ou both steamers are splendid.

CARVELL BROS.,

AGENTS, Ch’town, May 17, 1883.~-pat her sj

oh

“T} y}

STEAMER

“HEATHER BELLE,”

Summer Arrangement, S85.

N and after Tuesday, July 24th, the new steamer ‘‘Heather Belle,”” Hugh McLean, master, will run as follows;— Tuesday morning at four o’clock, will ae Charlottetown for Orwell Brush Wharf, leaving Orwell Brush Wharf, at seven a. m., for Charlottetown, calling at China Point and Halliday’s Wharves, leave Charlottetown at 3p. m., for Halli- day’s China Point and RPrush Wharves, where she will remain over night. Wednesday, will leave Brush Wharf for Charlottetown, at seven a, m., calling at China Point and Halliday’s Wharves, leaving Charlottetown at threo p. m., to return, remaining at Brush Wharf over nigh t. : Thursday, will leave Brush Wharf for Char- lottetown, at seven a. m., calling at China Point and Halliday’s Wharves, leaving Charlottetown at three p. m. to return, leaving Brush Wharf about six p. m. for Charlottetown. Friday, will leave Charlottetown for Crapaud at four a. m., leaving Crapaud at seven a. m. for Charlottetown, leaving Char- lottetown at three p. m. for Crapand, remaining there se ni oe one day, will leave Crapaud at seven a. m. ras Charlottetown, leaving Charlottetown at one o'clock p. m. for Crapaud and re- turning to Charlottetown from Crapaud sainc evening. —

FARES—Cabin, to and from Orwell and Wharves, 30 cents; deck, 20 cents, Cabin, to and from Crapaud, 40 cents; deck 30 cents.

Excursion Return Tickets will be issued }from Charlottetown to Orwell every Thursday evening at one first-class fare. Also, Excur- sion turn Tickets. will be issned Saturday to Crapaud at one first-class fare.

JOHN HUGHES, r Agent.

Railway Ofee, Charlottetowt Mey gum jr

} Ch’town, July 25, 1883.

(2aw wkly 3:0 pros her pat era

GORSICNMENTS SOLICITED. ft. O’DWYER,

FUR SALE GF P, &. I. PRODUCE.

St. John’s, Newfoundland.

In connection with the above is Capt, Engtish, who is well kaown in P. E. Island, who will take special charge of all consign- ments, and will also attend to the chartering of vessels for the carrying trade of P. E. 1.

N. B.—Parties wishing to procure good Labrador Herring would do well to consult R. O'Dwyer,

Sept. 11, 1882.—3i tawkwkly.

~ SULLIVAN & MACNRILL, ATTORNEYS -AT- LAW:

Solicitors in Chancery,

NOTARIES PUBLIC, &c.

OF FICES— O’Halloran’s Building, Great! George Street, Charlottetown.

Ga” Money to Loan,

W. W. Scttivan, Q. C. | Cusstge B. Maonzmt. ’ Jan. 16, 83.

GEGRGE TWEEDY,

ATTORNEY - AT - LAW,

Notary Public, &c. |

OFFICE— West Side of Queen Street, Char- lottetown, next door to Stevenson’s Tin Shop. July 25, 1883. ~ dy wkly 6m

NicLEOD & MORSON Barristers & Attorneys-at-Law, |

SOLICITORS, HOTARIES PUBLIC, ETC,

OFFICES :

neform Club Committee Rooms, Opposite Post Office, Charlottetown, P. E. Island,

;

merside, P, E, Island.

MONEY TO LOAN, on good security, at moderate interest.

Neit McLsop. Nov. 24, ’82.—pres her

L.ARTHUR & CO., GENERAL

Commission Merchants, 12) ATLANTIC AVENUE,

(ROSS MARKET) BOSTON, MASS.

W. A. O. Morson.

Eggs and Produce a Specialty.

April 26, 1883.—wkly tf

INSURANCE OFFICE. |

jueen Insurance Company, OF ENGLAND. CAPITAL, TEN MILLION DOLLARS.

Lancashire Insurance Company

CAPITAL, FIFTEEN MILLION DOLLARS Insurance effected on all kinds of property at current rates. Losses settled promptly

and equitably. DESBRISAY & ANGUS, General Agents. Office—South Side Queen Square. Ch’town, Sept. 15, 1882.

STANDARD LIFE ASSURANCE C0.

1 the 57th Annual General Meeting of |P

the Standard Life Assurance Company, held at Edinburgh on Tuesday, the 24th of

April, 1883, the following results for the

year ended 15th November, 1883, were re-

ported :—

3,038 new proposals for life as- surance were received the year for

2,561 proposals were accepted, assuring

The total existing assurances in force at 15th November, 1882, arcounted to (Of which $7,753,031.15 was reassured with other offices)

The claims by death which arose during the year amount- ed, including bonus addi- tions,to —

The annual revenue amounted

$ 9,754,085 38 7,239,048 13

$6,936,302 91

2,462,226 59

at 15th November, 1882, to 4,267,546 00 The invested funds at same date amounted to 29,503,416 00

Being an increase drring the

year of 1,062,648 35

JOHN LONGWORTH, Agent for Charlottetown. THOMAS KFRR,

Commission ald General Merchant,

289, WATER STREET,

Merchante’ Bank of Halifax Building, Senin

Shall and Will.

A PAPER READ BEFORE ASSOCIATION BY T.

THE EDUCATIONAL A. LEPAGE:

Through the kindness of your committce

tary act. Take an illustration. In giving out a lesson, you say to your class ‘‘You will learn to the end of the chapter.” Here ‘you assume that the command you impose is agreeable to your pupils, It is a com- mand none the less. If the pupils for

———

when all would presumably like to go out. , But, on the other hand, if all want to re- main at home, and all but one are required to go out, I will stay at heme and keep house, at once loses it generons side, and , has a decidedly selfish Jook, If the matter

I have been allowed to read to you a pajer, their part refuse to admit the identity of | is left to choice, one of them is expected to

on asubject which I had occasion to take up in conducting my own class. That sub- ject is the use of Shall and Will. I am afraid | have put my foot in it, as the phrase goes,

On Friday last, I met an old pupil, now one of ourselves, and thoughtlessly asked him, “Will you be present at the Conven- tion?” ‘‘It is likely that I shall or will,” he answered. Whether he meant to tell me thathe knew [ was going to read a paper on that topic, or whether he meant that the wording of my question was assail- able, or whether he intended to admit his own ignorance on the matter, I cannot say; the reply was certainly pointed enough to include all three; and if he will admit the last explanation, that his answer coptained a profession of ignorance, I will admit the second, that the form of my question was undoubtedly open to criticism. My mean- iug would have been more simply expressed: “Shall you be present at the Convention?’

The unknown, says Tacitus, is always terrible. And doubtless some of you have have often had sinkings of heart at the consciousness of a possible misuse of Shall and Will, and a consequent exposure of professional ignorance.

But, whether it be a matter for exultation or regret, we teachers are not alone in our confusion of these terms, though we prob- ably are alone in our qualms of intellectual conscience. For both the bar and the press betray at times a haphazard use of Shall and Will; and even the pulpit would be wise in disclaiming inspiration or infalli- bility on the matter. For if the ministerial use were to become binding on ail, those who accepted it would have a practise based on authority, while the authority itself rested partly on ignorance; and those who rejected it might become sceptical also on more vital points. No, the popular use isnot the safe rule to go by, though the popular use is oftea in the right. If, in some instances the terms are used in- differently, it is because in such instances there is no right and wrong in the matter, and because it would be pedantry to insist on a distinction. Still there is in general aclear difference between Shall and Will, and it is to this difference that your atten- tion is now asked.

There are rules set down in some gram- mars on the special force of Shall and Will in the different persons; that is, according as the subject is speaking, spoken to, or ken of. Indeed, a whole treatise has been written on the topic, However, I have never seen the treatise, and I have never studied the rules. My aim will be to state the simple meaning of the words, and when we know this, we are free from other men’s dictum on the matter, and can, if need be, form rules for ourselves.

‘‘What the people say shall be done will be done,” writes James Anthony Froude, Let us examine this, To say ‘‘What will be done wil! be dane,” is a truism, a mere statement of identity. It becomes no more than a truism by inserting ‘‘the people say.” An identity remains an_ identity whoever it be that states it.

But by writing ‘‘what the people say shall be done will be done,” the truism has vanished; you have now a determing cause and a resulting act. The act ‘‘shall be done” is under the control, not of its sub- ject ‘‘what,”-—‘‘what shall be done”—but of the people’s expressed will;—‘‘what the people say shall be done;” and the act “‘wiil be done” is the natural act accompanying the conditions or circumstances.

To state it generally: Shali denotes a controlled act, Will, denotes a free, natural act. The very words in orgin have these different meanings. ‘‘Shall’” meant ‘‘to owe,” the act was constrained; a use which still comes out in the past tense “should ;” whereas “will,” as the word implies, denotes one’s own act—a free, natural, characteristic, habitual act. 1 use the word controlled or constrained in opposition to all these.

Let us now test this distinction.

‘‘Smith is an honest man; he will not cheat anybody.” Will not; that is his nature.

“The firm of Clutch and Mammon are notorious thieves; but they shall not rob me.” They would, in accordance with their nature, but they shall not—their act is con- trolled. To say ‘“‘they will not rob me” means either that my fortune is too insigni- ficant for them to take, they not dealing in small robberies; or else that Iam a special favorite with them; a sort of silent partner in the firm, :

“Shall I field that, or will you?” said a player on a cricket field this summer, as a hint to another party to run after a ball. His language was as correct as his hint roved effective.

‘‘Shall I field that?” That is to say—the subject ‘I’ has no voice in the matter; it is left to the decision or control of the party addressed. ‘‘Or will you?’ Here the subject is ‘you,’ and the appeal is to the subject's own voluntary act.

“Shall I field that or shall you?” would have been a puzzling question, demanding a knowledge of fere-ordination not possessed by the average cricketer. ‘Sometimes a hundred voices will hum about my ears” is a sentence by Shakspeare. Will hum: the act is habitual, characteristic. It is nota prediction; so much as a statement of a frequently recurring fact. The meaning would be quite changed by writing shall for will: ‘‘Sometimes a hundred voices shall hum about mine ears.” One feels like asking, ‘“‘On what compulsion must they? —tell me that.”

Before I go farther, it may be well to mention, not an exception to this use, but a modification of it. The idea of politeness often enters. The efiect is this: in some cases it is very proper to soften down one’s own voluntary act, so as to make it appear an act of deference to another; and also

iuspector of Agencies,

Ch’fown, Augast 3, 1

there are cases where a controlled act. may

‘be softened down into an assumed voluni-

‘your order with their likings, if they be- /come rude or bold enough to protest, you ‘too will be likely todrop your polite for mula aud to say ‘‘You shall learn it,”

**You will not act in that way,” you say in mild reproof,— believing that a hint to the wise is sufficient. But if your pupils belong to the unwise, if the hint is not taken, if misconduct is persisted in, it be- comes necessary to assert your authority and to say ‘‘You shall not act in that way.” If you cannot secure the order you want, but keep on using your first phrase, ‘‘You will not act in that way,” one can imagine the defiant pupils asking in amazement, ‘*How do you know we won't.”

“I shall not detain you any longer,” says a speaker to his audience. Now, in this he in form defers his act to them. If they do not object to the remark, if there are signs that that sentence is quite agreeable, or if there is a genera] feeling that he has spoken long enough, the speaker very, properly stops. But suppose they are deeply interested and wish some further remarks—if the supposition is not too violent—he is guilty of no inconsistency or falsehood in continuing. His act was con- ditioned by their will. He may still, how- ever, affect to regard their interest as an excessively polite demonstration, implying none the less that they have really heard enough; and he may still defer to them by saying, ‘‘No, gentlemen, I shall not detain you longer.” But if on the other hand he sees that his audience are poking fun at him by their shameless enthusiasm, he too, may need to assert his dignity or independence, and to say ‘I will not be trifled with; I will not say more.” That would occur, to be sure, only in the case of a talkative person; one of the class who feel that they must speak or burst; a more sensible man would say nothing, and quietly withdraw. To say ‘‘I will not” to a polite and atten- tive audience would be a firm if not an: iropolite refusal; to say ‘‘I shall not” assumes that the audience are satisfied that he has said enough, and that the matter is left with them. There is one alternative yet. He may have run out of ideas and of words—these, by the way, are not always exhausted simultaneously—he may in fact have said everything he knew. In that case he had better own up honestly, ‘Gentlemen, I cannot delay you longer.” That would have been the only phrase from which a true, inference could be drawn. The reason would appear to be neither refusal nor respect, but sheer inability. Shall or will might have been correct enough as to fact; but they have meanings of their own, Their use here would only have suggested a false inference, The point is important, On one occasion a young man attempted to report a speech for a newspaper. The first speaker gave him no trouble at all. There was sufficient padding of empty words, such as “‘I might say,” “the fact is,” ‘‘as you can very well imagine,” etc., to allow the reporter to detect and write down fully the facts when they did come. But with the second speaker he found great difficulty. There were no use- less words. The sentences were all full of point and of meaning. The words were not those that enter most commonly into areporter's vocabulary. He found it im- possible to give even a summary of what the speaker said, Well, the report of the first speech was written out at length, and a plain statement inserted in the copy ‘‘we did not obtain a summary of the second speech.” That wastrue, But when the speech appeared next day in print, the sentence ‘‘we did not obtain a summary of the second speech,” came out as ‘‘want of space prevents us from giving a resume” thereof. That was true, too. There was no space to spare that day for any second speech. But the inference suggested was false. It was not want of space so much as want of copy. Alas, those newspapers !

To return again to the subject. If a man is making an offer, which it would be silly to refer to another, which is his own veluntary act, he should say “will.” ‘‘I will be one of five to contribute so much to that fund,” says a man in a fit of gener- osity.” ‘‘Will be,” This is not a pure future tense; it means ‘‘I am ready to be, I offer to be, one of five.” If the other four do not come come forward hie offer is not binding. It never becomes a _ fact. For me to say to another person, ‘‘You shall be one of five to do a certain thing” implies that I have the dictating of his act. Exactly in the same way ‘‘I shall be one of five’ implies that my act is regulated by another ; it is simply an obscure way of say- ing ‘I am to be one of five.” To say ‘‘I shall,” refers my act away from myself; to the party addressed, or else to circum- stances. ‘‘I shall not be present at your party on Thursday ;” I have an engagement. ‘*T will not be present at it,” is a refusal to attend. At least it might be read to mean that; though it would not perhaps be brave to conceal a refusal] under a pun. To say, “J shall,” to a person means, “‘if itis agree- able to you, with your permission or con- sent.” But if the thing is known to be agreeable, if your offer is the thing lacking, ‘*T will” is both proper and polite. ‘“‘I will

carry your valise for you.” That is, ‘‘it is heavy; it is a burden to you. I am ready to salibes you of that burden. I will carry

it.” to ask for pertuission—for the offer ‘‘I shall” to a person involves the question ‘shall I ?”—or else the offer ‘‘I shall” may come from a cold sense of constraint or duty, that has not yet been warmed into free, joyful service. The natural reply to your offer, *‘T will carry it,” is, ‘Will you?” —‘‘you are very kind.’

To say ‘‘L will’ means ‘‘whether it is agreeable to you ornot. It may, as in the last case, be agreeable. It may be known to be agreeable. “I will stay at home and Keep House” is the essence of kindress

It would be stupidly polite in this case |"

say, ‘‘I will,” that would be generous: not ‘i shall,” which is- eithey impudent or stupid, or a grumbling protest, ‘I shall I suppose; I generally liave to give in,” Oh! It takes a long time to icarn that, in such instances, voluntary submission is victory. “Thou shalt not steal,” says the eighth commandment. Now, into a solemn com- mand, politeness does not enter. prefaced to this, as it were, “‘Your act is |to be regulated, not by your will, but by | mine.”

“The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want.” ‘‘Shall not.” Not because of any- thing I do; but because ‘the Lord is my Shepherd.” Plenty is assured me. ‘I am determined he shall not be disappointed in me.” He shall not--because [am manag- ing the effair.

“T have failed utterly, my friends will be disappointed.” Naturally so. Their feeling, on hearing the news, will arise spontaneously—it needs no pressure from without.

Wken there is no occasion to assume a controlling agent, ‘‘Will” is the proper term. ‘Will it rain to-morrow?” you ask. The answer might be, ‘‘Probably it will,” or ‘*The appearances are that it will not.”

'

, Here Nature is the subject, and the opera-

tion is therefore regarded as natural. For aby one to say with authority, ‘It shall rain to-morrow,” 1s to imply an interference with on or else a superhuman knowledge of it,

And in this connection, I might say that in prophecies or statements referring to the future with assured conviction, ‘‘Sha))” ia the term to be used. ‘Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir-tree.”’

“He shall have domininion from sea to sea.” The result is guaranteed. To ap- pearance or reason, the thorns would be likely to hold their ground; and His domi- nion might seem slow in spreading. But the result is guaranteed. Forces are at work that must secure it. It,eannot be prevented. One of Keble’s h closes with this encouraging line, ‘‘Thou wilt not be untrue; thou shalt not be beguiled.” The balance here is admirable. Thou wilt not be untrue.” ‘* That is your real nature, though you do not knowit. Do not be so fearful; I can trust to you for that.” Thou sha/t not be beguiled,” as if to say, ‘‘I will answer—I engage to answer for that.”

If the speaker guarantees a thing for another, “shall” is of course the proper term. ‘‘I want that paper after a time.” **You shall get it.” ‘‘When shall wé reach Charlottetown?’ you ask a ‘conductor, ‘Shall we,” by the time table, or at our present rate of speed. His answer “you will get to. town at noon” merely means that is the regular time fot reaching the city. It is a calmer, surer, answer than ‘you shall get there,” because more in acecy dance with the habits of the train. The last might imply a special effort, or it would be used to re-assure a timid passenger. Or, if anything guarantees an act for the speaker, the same term ‘‘shall’ must be used.

If acts are ordinary and natural, con- sistent with character, free, volun- tary, the things to be dcne as matters of course, use *‘will,” which naturally ex- presses these ideas.

May your son come with me to the theatre?

He may; will he go?

He says he will.

Then, if he will, I consent.

May your son come with me to the theatre?

No, decidedly—-he may not.

But he says he will go.

1 say he shall not.

He will go al) the same.

No, he will not disappoint me. He willnot go if he knows my wish on the matter.

**He shall not,” when I guarantee it.

‘He will not,” since it is his disposition or choice.

The correct use of these terms follows direct- ly from knowing what they mean, Good sense and intelligence will easily determine which. All depends on the idea which is uppermost in the mind, the voluntary or na- tural, or that of determining force. Burns has combined the two :

‘Then let us pray than come it may,

And come it will ”— in the course of time, as if he saw the end that nature was striving to attain, in spite of apparent opposition;

‘*And come it will, for a’ that, When man to man the world o’er, Shall brothers be” —

as if in spite of themselves ; as if their selfish, haughty nature was to be overcome ;

“Shall brothers be, and a’ that,” This perhaps is ra gS for in the time coming, men will be brothers, not from constraint, but from living love. Burns may have chosen the word “shall” merely to avoid repitition; but I am thankful that he wrote what he did; for it furnished a passage for quotation; and the dread of having to account for all that the poets write whispers strongly that it is time to have done.

_——_ Horsford’s Acid Phosphate BEWARE OF IMITATIONS,

Imitations aad counterfeits have again ap- peared. Be sarethat the word ‘‘Horsrorp’s” is On the wrapper. None are genuine without it.

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ELEcTRicriy and ism when properly eee into the blond hale and nerves pro- uces the most wonderful effects. We are told that these elements are perfectually blended in the medicine known as Mach’s Magnetic Medicine, advertised in another column, and the ,ood which has resulted from

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