JANUARY 23. 1954

-NEIVWISY

By J. A. Oink. Illa.

NOTES-

CANADIAN WHEAT INCIDIINTI

'i'lie oldest European settlement 1:. North America, north of the Gulf of Mexico, was at Port Royal ill Acadia. We believe the French .-cttiers brought wheat with them. when Acadia was ceded to Britain In the French in 1713, the name lift! changed to Annapolis. and u heat growing was continued. To commemorate early agriculture in Nova Scotia, the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturlsts placed :1 bronze plaque on one of the or- mnal French burr niillstones that hm been used to grind wheat, in Port Ann. Annapolis Royal, NS.

Early in the 1700's. French far- mers along the St. Lawrence River sowed. wheat in April and early way. They had a number of crop i.'liLll'ES due to frost. They thrash- ed the wheat during the winter and exported flour. They had 60,- 000 bushels of wheat in 1770 that they were unable to export, as there were no ships available to carry it to Europe. There was rust in that area in 1842.

settlers in, Ontario shipped wheat to the United States in 1800. They did not have a spring wheat that would ripen early e- l.()l.lgll to escape frost every year, and they had only fair success at ihat time with winter wheat. In 1835 their winter wheat failed and they imported flour from Europe.

Prince Edward Island organized an Agricultural Society in 1821, and later changed its name to the Royal Agricultural Society. One of its objects was to introduce improved seeds including wheat. In its 1947 report it discussed the pathology of wheat rust, and stated in its 1848 report that the wheat crop hail suffered from weevil. There are records that 700 bushels of wheat were exported in 1825, and 800 bushels in 1837. Many of the sailing ships built on "The Island" carried cargoes of grain to the Old Country, where the ships were sold.

The area suitable for growing winter wheat in the early settle- ments of Ontario was small The kinds of spring wheat that they had were so late ripening that the crop was often riesroyed by frost. This led David Fife, a far- mer in the Peterborough district, in ask his neighbour, George Es- .-en, who was leaving Ontario in 1841 to visit his home in Kin- cardine, Scotland, to send him 3 sample of any good wheat that he saw in his travels.

When in Glasgow, Essen was watching a ship from Danzig un- loading a. cargo of wheat, when he

remembered his promise and bought a bushel of wheat. which he sent back to File early in 1842. Neith. or of them knew whether it was spring or fall wheat. Fife however, sowed the whole lot, but only one k51'liC1 Droved to be spring wheat The cargo had been fall wheat. and this nameless seed had pro-. biibly been a. part of some earlier cargo in the ship.

This Ainrle rra grew. tillered and produced three heads which ripened. through the good ser. vices of Mrs. Fife. who protected them from the cows grazing on the winter wheat. Fife harvested this nameless seed, which had ri. pened in 110 days. which was from 10-20 iliiys less than any variety Of Wheat l-hen Rrown in Ontario He easily held the entire crop in the cup of his hand. sown in 19”. it retained its early maturity, and he had a half pint of seed. in 1944 it produced A half bushel of seed. and he was able to 1;; his neighbours who were interested MM set a start. He gave the wheat hi; own name. F'ife,.and because

of the colour of the kernel. added

the adjective Red. The Dominlor Cerealist, who secured samples of wheat from many countries, dis- covered later that its place of or- igln had been Galicia.

with Red,Fife wheat, the spring wheat area in Ontario was great- ly expanded. It was taken to the Red River Valley in Manitoba, and the spreading of the Canadian wheat bread belt began. it is still spreading. as Red Fife and its numerous progeny of many early varieties, developed by plant breeders from crosses with Red Fife and Red Fife strains, shorten the ripening period and develop resistance to disease and insect enemies. It is claimed in the west that every day the growing period of wheat is shortened, extends the boundary of wheat growing north- ward by 10-15 miles.

The flint great boost in this ex- pansion came when Red Fife was crosed with Hard Red Calcutta and produced Marquis, which ripen- ed.in 100 days, and has become the standard for quality upon which the highest grades of com- merclal wheat are based. We have learned that its origin and deve- lopment are quite as wonderful and extraordinary as those of its par- ent Red Fife.

O C I

Dr. Wm. Saunders obtained, a- mong ma.ny kinds of wheat from ddfferent' countries in 1886, Hard Red Calcutta from India Officials of the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa crossed this wheat with Red Fife in 1892. After testing and selecting the hybrids for some years, the most promising were sent to Dr. Angus McKay, Supt. of the Experimental Farm at Indian Head, Sask., for tests under prairie conditions. This was carried on for some time. and among the best that Dr. McKay recommended was one that, when it was returned vi 'the Cereal Division at Ottawa in its small sack, was thrown, by the employees, back and forth from one to another until it lodged on top or behind a high bookcase. It remained there for some years until it was found at a house- cleaning, and given to the Dornin- ion Cereaiist. who later became Sir Charles E. Saunders. He found it ripened early and was of super- ior quaiity when given his chew. ing and other tests, in 1903. It proved so promising that in 1907 it was sent to the Prairie Branch Farms for trial.

Marquis moved the wheat belt north about 100 miles, end in g short time replaced Red Fife, not Only in Canada. but throughout mlllly 0f U16 spring wheat areas in the United States. By 1928, nearly 90 per cent of the wheat growing area in western Canada W8! irrowlns Marquis. Its yield at the Charlottetown Station in 1910 was 45 bushels and 50 lbs. per aore. It always did well. but was Oul-yielded by other varieties. It was not resistant to rust, and in Manitoba was replaced by Regent, Thatcher and Renown. Further north on the prairies it was re- placed by Thatcher. Garnet and Red Bobs: so that by 1936 it was practically completely driven out of areas where rust is liable to oc- cur, seriously. These varieties men- tloncd, with the exception of Red Bobs. all have Marquis or Red Fife somewhere in their ancestry.

. . .

Another outstanding incident in wheat breeding was when E, s. McFadden. Ass. Agronomist at Red- field Experiment Station, 51)., 111 1930 succeeded in crossing Yam. slav emmer with Marquis. He had been told that emmer can” M; be crossed with common when, He was thus able to transmit the rust resistant characters of em-

Will you be a welcome visitor

in your childrenls home

l

MAIL LOUPON TOD

Mu” Tiuhy W llopcnnmit of labour.

Please send me information ahowin! can bring me minmen: income at

. --; , , 2 E A CANADIAN GOVERNMENT ANNUITY

IAN MAXI WI DWIIIING IIVVIIIN DIOIDOIKI AID ROIPMOING

11.. bunny, co-nan Government Anaelleop

bows Canadian Gooernnmu Annuity 0W

0 . , I - .Ly,n..- gt?-

-' ,...,,g

District AIIIIIIIHOI Representative.

1 Ines Block. Queen St N.. Charlottetown. Telephone: 1990

AY

onwn (PO01!!! Mol-

QC.

M I

my.-

rzzhjmzzzmm

Agnvhen Amery lesson.

I umh-refund that lnfornmlon given will In lull

IIIIOII!

I I I I I I I I I I I J

mcxizmxzsu - .t. I .

Alberta Has

Farmer-Hunter Relations

(By JACK ENIFEI) (Canadian Press Staff writer)

EDMONTON - ((P)-- Farmer- hunter relations in Album have reached an all-time low and nim- rods may face a. lot more "no hunting alarm when the dud: and upland game bin-1 seasons open next fall.

Country in-intine Ihope did a big business in such signs last fall and one plant reports it is taking orders already for the 1964 season.

The fu'mera' ulcer isn't directed at all lEhl:1'lI.el'l'lT&1st shat; 3.11.11 11-. l”93D0n-3 C. er- appy group which has given the hunters gen. erally a black eye.

"A New Crop”

"The people we have to protect ourselves against," said one far. mer "are a sort of new crop that has appeared-men with a little monby. 8- rim and perhaps a couple of cases of beer. who seem to have the idea that farm land is public domain." .

Delegates to the December con. vention of the Farmers' Union of Alberta emphasised that most hunters are prepared to respect the rights of the farmer.

There have been reports of live- stock killed by hunters supposedly looking for birds. A country paper reported a full-grown cow was pep-

Dered by shotgun pellets last No- vember.

(By Phil Adler) (Canadian Press staff Writer)

EDMONTON -(CP)- Out here they call it "smice."

In New York it's "smazc" and in London they call it "smog" but on the Canadian Prairies the wea- therman uses "smice" to describe fox-the super-cooled variety com- mop with severe sub-zero tempera- tures.

Smlce rears its misty head dur- ing the night. sharply reducing visibility but it is otherwise harm- less. It looks like lioarfrost when settled on the ground. .

Until the word was coined this week by a forecaster in Regina, mice was called ice fog. It has been common on the Prairies since frigid air from the Arctic moved in a week ago.

Smlce is caused by cold air con- densing water vapor in the form of ice crystals. The situation is aggravated by moisture from chim- neys. The moisture is transformed into ice crystals almost instantly. Then the fog hugs the ground to

mer to meet the new types of rust that have developed in recent years, and still retain the desirable char- acteristics of early maturity and superior quality of Marquis.

The newest recommended wheat is seucirk, a result of careful breed- ing and selection from these sup- erior sorts, and it is resistant to the dreaded 15.8 form of rust. it also has other valuable charac- terlstice. Every effort has been made to multiply and distribute a very considerable quantity of this wheat this year. It has been multiplied in the summer on the prairie Experimental Stations, and in California. in the winter, so that two generations were secured and multiplied each year.

The bureau of statistics, Ottawa, in its final data of wheat produc- tion for all Canada in 1952 estim- ated the output at 9981100000. bushels "compared with the prev- ious top of 567,000,000 bushels in 1928."

A COUNTRY ROAD

It is nice to walk a country road

And dream you are a child again.

To hear that childish laughter

Down that country lane.

we kicked the dust along road

with our feet so here, and brown.

And the houses. that we hunt or and

How soon they tumbled downi

We picked the strawberries in the

grass

Till our stained,

But little did it matter then

Down that country lane.

We gathered daisies on the bank

And asters, by the brook,

We saw our faces mirrored them,

When a. fresh, cool drink we took.

spent from

the

face and hands were

ll.I.ny an hour we school,

And warnings were in ma;

For we gathered there, the ripe, red thorns

Down that country lane.

And the boys they liked in play a joke

Upon the master there.

For they always put a piece of thorn

so quietly, on his chair.

And waited there in silent mirth

To ace him Jump, and exclaim:

"You'll my in after school to- night

libr going down that lane."

We gathered beechnute from the ground

And drank rrom birch bark cups The up. that flowed from the

maple tree

which grew sweeter, sun by sup. We picked the May flowers, mi in spring

When wet with dew. or rain

The aroma seems to linger yet Down that country lane.

Our comrades dear, are scattered o'er the country wide

And longing is in vain,

No more we will play together Down that country lane.

-Mn. Edgar Gillespie 70 Douglas Street Chuhthbc.

Prairies Have A Word For Weather And Its ltSmice

THE GUARDIAN . Problem In

FUA convention claimed "no hi.mti.ng" sign were uncles in many cases because hunters used them for target prac- tlce. Game branch officials said "shooting prohibited" signs at one game prserve have to be replaced every few weeks because they be- oome so riddled wiifh bullet holes they cannot be read.

delegates

Property Overrun

One delgate said about 300 hunt- ers invaded his property the first any of the season last fall. "I had to run them off," he said. "Or they would have chased my cattle out of the country."

The weekly Brooks Bulletin in the south reported last Octdber:

"The hail-like rattle of pellets on home and barn roofs, destruc- tion of standing crops and insolen: attitude on the part of some hunt- ers has become all but intolerable, even though the majority conduct themselves as gentlemen.”

Game officials are attempting to find a way of dealing with those who hunt on land without permis- sion. But they are not anxious to step into the hunter-farmer con- troversy. They feel it is a matter between the two parties with pos- sibly a need for more co-operation on-both sides.

As more and more land is closed there is a possib ity some organl- zations will buy unting right in some areas.

a height of about 100 feet. Cold Spot

Smlce is common when the tem- perature falls to about 20 or more degrees below zero. But the wra- ther has provided m01'e than ade- quate assurance of ice fog during the week,

A1091”?-ii. Saskatchewan and Man- itoba are gripped in an average tcrnpcratirre of 35 below.

One of the coldest spots on the continent Thursday was Val Mario in southwestern Saskatchewan where the mercury dropped to 59 below.

But the consolation-minded wea- thennan says there 15 warm air Just three miles away -straight ill?

WN

Mink and fox prices continued finn at Hudson's Bay Company auction in London, January 13th. The auction house commented on the two days sale as follows: Ranch Mink, selected males, very firm; other males and all females ad- vanccd 'M per cent per December sale levels. Platinum mink advanc- ed 10 per cent in average compared with December. Pastel mink best quality, very firm, others mainly withdrawn. Wild mink very firm. Blue fox sold very well. The buy- ing was completely for the contin- ent and home -market. The only American buying in the two days sale was a few lots of female ranch mink. Top prices, were mutation mink, - platinum males. :32; fem- ales, 318.20; breath of spring males, S37; pastel males, sill; Sapphire males, S51: Scandinavian blue fox, dark, s12.30; medium, 89.80; pale s8.90; Silver fox, full silvers, 521.; three-quarter silvers, 325.20; half silvers, S28: piatina, 326.75. No men- tion is made of the quantities of fox offered but if they amounted to a goodly collection prices were certainly most gratifying.

The latest report from Oslo, Nor- way, ls that silver fox was 62 per cent sold at an average of '19 kron- er (310.91); prime quality blue

fox was 95 per cent sold at an .

average of 314.56, and 94 per cent of second quality blue fox was sold at an average of 39.80.

Mink farmers and their families throughout the United States and Canada are invited to participate in a ”Name the Mink" contest that is being promoted by the EMBA committee of Palomino miiik breed- ers. Prelilninary plans for intro- ducing the new pelts at auction during the 1954-55 selling season call for an initial promotion to the trade and consumers simlliar to that employed with the intro- duction of the Topaz mink last year. The first step in getting this new color phase ready for auction debut and general promotion will be the selection of a pelt name suitable for an EMBA trademark. Fur farmers and their families throughout the United States and Canada are invited to suggest names for Palomino pelts in the "Name the Mink" contest which

Anyone got a stcpladdert

opened January 15 and will close

LONDON-(CP) - Canada's fur trade will have a finger in the fashion pie when London and Paris designers show their spring col- lectiong at the end of January.

To induce well-known coutouriers to use fox fur the Canadian Na- tionai silver Fox Breeders Asso- ciation has presented some of the biggest houses in London, Paris and Rome with skins produced in Canada.

In London, royal designer; Nor- man I-fartnell and Hardy Amies and well-known. salons like Worth. John Cavanagh and Michael will be working Canadian fox skins of the most advanced bluish-silver huos into heavier spring wear.

About 100 skins have been allo- cated to London. some 200 are being used by such French de- signers as Bnlenclaga, Jacques Fath Maggy Rouff and Lanvin. Christian Dior, best known of post-war Paris couturiers, declined the Canadian offer.

Canadian Flour To Supply Asia

MANILA (AP) - A Canadian grain mission today said Canada will continue a steady supply of flour for Asia in 1945.

"Although Canada's 1953 wheat production of 584900.000 bushels was slightly lower than that of the previous year. a steady supply of flour for Asia and the Far East is assured," said William Riddle. commissioner of the Canadian wheat board.

Japan and the Philippines are the. largest importers in the Far East of Canadian wheat and flour.

Riddle heads a threo-man Cuna- dian mission which arrived Thurs- day night from Hong Kong on a

tour of the Far East. The mission leaves Monday for Singapore, Ja-

Canadian Fox Furs T?) Be Exhibited At Sh

OWS

Japanese Trees For Newfoundland V

ST. JOHN'S Nfld.. -(OP)-Neow some of the barren lands strippcrl

by fires. will Hokkaido island in Japan this year.

do not fare so well on this barren land, large tracts of which are lo- cated in the Conception bay region on the province's east coast.

practically the same as Newfoiind- land'a.

The Japanese forestry depart- ment has promised to send spruce tree send and larch seed from Hokkaido island sometime the winter.

Peel Bark By” chemical Process

MONTREAL - (CP) - A new chemical process that will allow lumber companies to peel bark from trees at any time of the year was announced Thursday by Liicirn H. Paquet. assistant woods man- ager of the Howard Smith Paper Mills. Ltd.

Patent for the process was pur- chased by 17 comp.-mics from Alex- nndcr R. White of Mimico. out, who discovered and perfected the new process.

The chemical generally used is soduni arsenitc, which kills the growth cells of the tree and makes it easy to separate the bark from the wood. karta, Colombo, Karachi, Delhi and Bombay,

r7:?w

' !

IIAILIY Fol KOIIA-The first four- carloadl 3100.000, enough to provide daily feeding: of barley of I. 760-inn Ahlnlnvnt of fuelled barley for the gruel for 125,000 Korean children for three months. hungry children of Korea is loaded at Saskatoon, A Canadian dollar provides a month's supply for Souk. The shipment resulted mm a financial appeal five children. A second shipment will be sent from launahad law the Unitarian Service Committee for Peterboroulb. Oak

TIMELY IIITES OI TOPICS

Silver Fox And Mink Farming

foundland, in an effort to reclaim

of forest growth many years ago import trees from

Federal forestry officials at St. John's have found that local trees

Weather conditions in Japan are

during

IIIIEGTEI WITII

April 30. The person who send! in the name that the Judges select wlll be awarded a trio of Palomino mink for his own herd.

Certain rules should be kept in mind in selecting the new name. Avoid words which describe the product in any manner such as descriptionsdnvolvlng color, use of the product, texture and the like. Avoid names which are the same as or similar to, names al- ready in use for similar products. Geographical names or names hav- ing a geopraphlcal meaning can- not be used. Avoid popular word! of praise such as superior. Blue Ribbon, DeLuxe, Queen and the like. Use names which suggest i'lCli' nesa and great value. These may be newly coined words or com- monly known words which have no descriptive sifln-lflC3"99- USE short, easily pronounceable words if possible. To enter the contest the contestant needs only to write the name or names he is submitting ,on B sheet of paper. sign his name and address, and mail it to Dean Chicken, Chairman, Two Harbors. Minnesota. Anyone can enter as many names as desired. Rules of the contest specify that all entries become the property of the Muta- tlon Mink Breeders' Association .Therc, boys, is a chance to win a trio of very, very valu- able mink!